DATA SHEET

BIPOLAR ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

PC494
SWITCHING REGULATOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION
The PC494 is an inverter control unit which provides all the control circuitry for PWM type switching regulators.
Included in this device is the voltage reference, dual error amplifiers, oscillator, pulse width modulator, pulse
steering flip flop, dual alternating output switches and dead-time control.

FEATURES
Complete PWM power control circuit.
Adjustable dead-time (0 to 100%).
No double pulsing of same output during load transient condition.
Dual error amplifiers have wide common mode input voltage capability (0.3 V to VCC2 V).
Circuit architecture provides easy synchronization.
Uncommitted outputs for 250-mA sink or source.
With miss-operation prevention circuit for low level supply voltage.
Full pin-compatible TL494C.

ORDERING INFORMATION PIN CONFIGURATION (Top View)

Part Number Package Non-Inv. Input 1 16 Non-Inv. Input

PC494C 16-pin plastic DIP (7.62 mm (300)) Inv. Input 2 15 Inv. Input

PC494G 16-pin plastic SOP (9.53 mm (375)) Feed-Back 3 14 Ref Out

Dead-Time
PC494GS 16-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300)) Control
4 13 Output Control

CT 5 12 VCC

RT 6 11 C2

GND 7 10 E2

C1 8 9 E1

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Before using this document, please
confirm that this is the latest version.
Not all devices/types available in every country. Please check with local NEC representative for
availability and additional information.

Document No. G12649EJ4V0DS00 (4th edition) The mark shows major revised points. 1988,2000
(Previous No. IC-1299)
Date Published November 2000 NS CP(K)
Printed in Japan
 PC494

BLOCK DIAGRAM

VCC 12 13 Output Control

Reference Low Voltage
Ref Out 14 Regulator Stop

GND 7 F 8 C1
T/ 9 E1
F 11 C2
RT 6
Oscillator
CT 5 10 E2
Dead-Time
+ Comparator
Dead-Time
Control 4

+
EA I
Non-Inv. Input 1 +
PWM
Inv. Input 2 Comparator
EA II
Non-Inv. Input 16 +

Inv. Input 15

Feed-Back 3

2 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted)

Characteristics Symbol PC494C PC494G PC494GS Unit

Supply Voltage VCC 0.3 to +41 0.3 to +41 0.3 to +41 V

Error Amplifier Input Voltage VICM 0.3 to VCC + 0.3 0.3 to VCC + 0.3 0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V

Output Voltage VCER 0.3 to +41 0.3 to +41 0.3 to +41 V

Output Current IC 250 250 250 mA

Note Note
Total Power Dissipation PT 1000 780 650 mW

Operating Ambient Temperature TA 20 to +85 20 to +85 20 to +85 C

Storage Temperature Tstg 65 to +150 65 to +150 65 to +150 C

2
Note With 25 cm x 1.6 mm glass-epoxy substrate.

Caution Product quality may suffer if the absolute maximum rating is exceeded even momentarily for any
parameter. That is, the absolute maximum ratings are rated values at which the product is on the
verge of suffering physical damage, and therefore the product must be used under conditions that
ensure that the absolute maximum ratings are not exceeded.

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Characteristics Symbol MIN. TYP. MAX. Unit

Supply Voltage VCC 7 40 V

Output Voltage VCER 0.3 40 V

Output Current IC 200 mA

Error Amplifier Sink Current IOAMP 0.3 mA

Timing Capacitor CT 0.47 10000 nF

Timing Resistance RT 1.8 500 k

Oscillation Frequency fOSC 1 300 kHz

Operating Temperature Topt 20 +70 C

Caution The recommended operating range may be exceeded without causing any problems provided that
the absolute maximum ratings are not exceeded. However, if the device is operated in a way that
exceeds the recommended operating conditions, the margin between the actual conditions of use
and the absolute maximum ratings is small, and therefore thorough evaluation is necessary. The
recommended operating conditions do not imply that the device can be used with all values at
their maximum values.

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 3

 PC494

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS (VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz, 20 #TA #.:3C, unless otherwise noted)

(1/2)
Block Characteristics Symbol Conditions MIN. TYP. MAX. Unit

Reference Output Voltage VREF IREF = 1 mA, TA = 25C 4.75 5 5.25 V

Section Line Regulation REGIN 7 V VCC #40 V, 8 25 mV
IREF = 1 mA, TA = 25C
Load Regulation REGL 1 mA IREF #10 mA, 1 15 mV
TA = 25C
Temperature Coefficient VREF /T 20C TA #+85C, 0.01 0.03 %/C
IREF = 1 mA
Short Circuit Output Current Note1 ISHORT VREF = 0 V 50 mA
Oscillator Frequency fOSC CT = 0.01 F, 10 kHz
Section RT = 12 k, TA = 25C
Standard Deviation of Frequency Note2 7 V VCC #40 V, 10 %
TA = 25C, CT, RT, const.
Frequency Change with 0C TA #70C, 1 2 %
Temperature CT = 0.01 F,
RT = 12 k
Frequency Change with Voltage 7 V VCC #40 V, 1 %
TA = 25C,
CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k
Dead- Input Bias Current 0 V VI #5.25 V 2 10 A
Time Maximum Duty Cycle (Each Output) VI = 0 V 45 49 %
Control
Input Threshold Voltage 1 VTH1 Output pulse 0% duty 3 3.3 V
Section
cycle
Input Threshold Voltage 2 VTH2 Output pulse maximum 0 V
duty cycle
Error Input Offset Voltage VIO VOAMP = 2.5 V 2 10 mV
Amplifier Input Offset Current IIO VOAMP = 2.5 V 25 250 nA
Section
Input Bias Current VOAMP = 2.5 V 0.2 1 A
Common Mode Low VICM 7 V VCC #40 V 0.3 V
Input Voltage
High VCC2
Open Loop Voltage Amplification AV VOAMP = 0.5 to 3.5 V, 60 80 dB
TA = 25C
Unity Gain Bandwidth TA = 25C 500 830 kHz
Common Mode Rejection Radio CMR VCC =#40 V, TA = 25C 65 80 dB
Output Sink Current VOAMP = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA
Output Source Current VOAMP = 3.5 V 2 10 mA
PWM Input Threshold Voltage (3-pin) Output pulse 0% duty 4 4.5 V
Section cycle, see Figure 1.
Input Sink Current V(pin 3) =#0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA

Remark The TYP. values are values at TA = 25C, except for the characteristics of temperature.

4 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

(2/2)
Block Characteristics Symbol Conditions MIN. TYP. MAX. Unit

Output Collector Cut-off Current ICER VCE =#40 V, VCC =#40 V, 100 A
Section Common Emitter

Emitter Cut-off Current VCC =#VC =#40 V, VE = 0 V, 100 A

Emitter Follower

Collector Saturation Common VCE(sat) IC = 200 mA, VE = 0 V 0.95 1.3 V

Voltage Emitter

Emitter VCE(ON) IE = 200 mA, VC = 15 V 1.6 2.5 V

Follower

Output Voltage Rise Common tr1 VCC =#15 V, RL = 150 , 100 200 ns
Time Emitter IC 100 mA, TA = 25C,
Output Voltage Fall tf1 see Figure 1. 70 200 ns
Time

Output Voltage Rise Emitter tr2 VC =#15 V, RL = 150 , 100 200 ns

Time Follower IE 100 mA, TA = 25C,
Output Voltage Fall tf2 see Figure 1. 70 200 ns
Time

Total Standby Current ICC(S.B) VCC =#15 V, 8 12.5 mA

Device all other pins open.

Bias Current ICC(BI) V(pin 4) =#2 V, 10 mA

see Figure 1.

Remark The TYP. values are values at TA = 25C, except for the characteristics of temperature.

Notes 1. The short circuit output current flows for no more than 1 second. Repeat operation is possible if the internal
heat accumulation is not within a harmful range.
2. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula ;

N
(Xn X)
2
=
n=1
N1

Calculation expression of frequency fOSC is as follows ;

1
fOSC (Hz) [RT] = , [CT] = F
0.817 RTCT + 1.4210
6

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 5

 PC494

Figure1. Test Circuit

VCC = 15 V

(12) RL RL
V CC 150 150
(4) Dead-Time
(8) 2 W 2W
Test Input (3) Control C1 (9) Output 1
Feed-Back E1
12 k (6) (11)
R T C2 (10) Output 2
0.01F Note (5) E2
CT
(1)
Non-Inv. Input
(2)
Inv. Input
(16)
(15) Non-Inv. Input
Inv. Input
(13)
Output Control (14)
Ref Out
50 k GND
(7)

Note Recommend film capacitor.

Caution When the emitter follower is output, connect C1 and C2 to VCC and E1 and E2 to
GND via RL.

Figure2. Voltage Waveform

VCC
C1 Output Voltage
0V
VCC
C2 Output Voltage
0V

CT Voltage

Threshold Voltage
Dead-Time Control
Input
0% MAX.
Threshold Voltage
0%
Feed-Back Input
(E.A. Output) 0.7 V

Connection of Output Control Pin (Pin No.13)

Output Control Input
Operation Mode
(Pin No.13)

At Ref Out Normal push-pull operation

Grounded Single-ended or parallel output

6 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

(Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25C, VCC = 15 V, Reference)

MISS-OPERATION PREVENTION
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS
1.2 6
PT - Maximum Power Dissipation - W

* : With 25 cm2 X 1.6 mm Test Circuit

5V
PC494C glass-epoxy substrate
1.0 5

VCE - Output Voltage - V

430
8
Thermal Resistance VCE
0.8 PC494G*
9
Rth(J-A)125C/W 4
PC494GS* 1
192 60C
0.6 C/ /W 3
W
0.4 2

0.2 1

0 0
25 50 75 100 125 4 5 6 7
TA - Ambient Temperature - C VCC - Supply Voltage - V

REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs.

SUPPLY VOLTAGE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

VREF - Reference Voltage Change - mV

6 40
VCC = 15 V
VREF - Reference Voltage - V

5 IREF = 1 mA
20

4
0
3
20
2

40
1

0 60
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 25 0 25 50 75 100
VCC - Supply Voltage - V TA - Ambient Temperature - C

FREQUENCY vs.
FREQUENCY vs. RT AND CT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4
VCC = 15 V VCC = 15 V
f/fOSC - Frequency Change - %

500 RT = 12 k
2
CT = 0.01 F
fOSC - Frequency - kHz

200
100 0
50 CT
= 2
10 47
20 00 0 p
pF F
10 0. 4
01
5 0. F
04 6
7
2 F
1
2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 25 0 25 50 75 100
RT - Timing Resistance - k TA - Ambient Temperature - C

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 7

 PC494

DUTY CYCLE vs. DEAD-TIME OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN vs.

CONTROL INPUT VOLTAGE FREQUENCY
120

AV - Open-Loop Voltage Gain - dB

0 100

C
C
85
25
C
Duty Cycle - %

0
10 80

2
=
TA
20 60

30 40

VCC = 15 V
40 20
RT = 12 k
CT = 0.01 F
50 0
0 1 2 3 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M 10 M
Dead-Time Control Input Voltage - V f - Frequency - Hz
(Common Emitter) - V

(Emitter Follower) - V

COLLECTOR SATURATION VOLTAGE STANDBY AND BIAS CURRENT vs.

vs. OUTPUT CURRENT SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2.0 12
ICC (BI)
VCE (ON) - Collector Saturation Voltage
VCE (sat) - Collector Saturation Voltage

ICC (S.B) - Standby Current - mA

1.8
10

ICC (BI) - Bias Current - mA

1.6 VCE (ON) ICC (S.B)
8
1.4
1.2 6
1.0
4
VCE (sat) ICC (S.B)
0.8 VCC Terminal Biased.
2 Other Terminal Open.
0.6 ICC (BI)
VDT = 2 V (Pin No.4)

0.4 0
0 40 80 120 160 200 10 20 30 40
IC, IE - Output Current - mA VCC - Supply Voltage - V

8 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

BASIC APPLICATION CIRCUIT

VOUT

Switching regulator JP2

output pin
rsense GND

VCC 12 V
VR3
R13 +
100 C1 C6 R12 R11
7.5 k 5 k JP1 47 F
Iosense R14 110 110
R15 C2
+Iosense
0.01 F 100 E2
E1
C2 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 C1
Vosense
+
REFERENCE
R9 R10
110 110
ERROR

R17 AMP
2 REGULATOR

R16
R3 C7 100 k
3.9 k R1 F/F
5.1 k
ERROR
AMP
+ OSCILLATOR
VR1 1

0.1 V
2 k 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

R4 240 k 2 k C5 R8
R2 5.1 k
5.1 k
R5 VR2 24 k

C3 R6 C4
+ R7 7.5 k
0.01 F 24 k
10 F
+5 V (VREF)

Remark fOSC 40 kHz, C5 = 1000 pF (Recommend film capacitor)

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 9

 PC494

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Output Control Input

Operation Mode Output Mode Output Voltage Waveform
(Pin No.13)

Push-pull operation At Ref-out Open collector (R9, R10 0) C1

(JP1 Wired) C2

Emitter follower (R11, R12 0) E1

E2

Single-ended or Grounded Open collector (R9, R10 0) C1, C2

parallel output (JP2 Wired) Emitter follower (R11, R12 0) E1 , E 2

Printed Pattern (Example of PC494C) (Pattern side, Actual size)

VR3
R11

R12

VCC
R10
R9

JP1
R13
R14
R15
C2
E2 Iosense

JP2
E1 +Iosense
R16
R17
C6

9 IC1 16
C1 8 1 Vosense
C7

GND GND
VR1
C3
C4

C1
VR2
R8

R3
R6
R5

R2

R7
R1
C5

R4

C2

10 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION CIRCUITS

1) Forward Type

+VCC +
+
+12 V VOUT

(12)
VCC
(8)
C1
(13) Output
Control To EA II To EA I
(9) (Over Current (Vosense)
E1
Protection )
(14) (7) GND
Ref Out GND

2) Push-pull Type

(Isolated)

+VCC
+
+
VOUT
GND

+12 V

To EA II To EA I
(12)
(11)
C2 VCC
(10)
E2
(9)
E1
(8)
C1 Output
(7) (13)
GND Control
(14)
Ref Out

(Non Isolated)

+VCC (40 V MAX.)

(12)
VCC (11)
C2 +
(10) +
E2 VOUT
(13) Output (9)
E1
Control
(14) (8)
Ref Out C1
GND
(7)

GND To EA II To EA I

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 11

 PC494

3) Step-down Chopper

+VCC (40 V MAX.) +

(12) +
VCC (11) VOUT
C2
(10)
E2
(9)
E1
(13) Output (8)
Control C1
GND
To EA II To EA I
(7) (Over Current
Protection)

Remark The dotted line indicates the connection in case of large current.

SYNCRONIZED OPERATION

If synchronized operation is needed, muster-slave circuit can be used. This circuit is shown below.
Initially, RT terminal of slave IC is connected to pin 14(Ref Out) and internal oscillator is stopped.

+VCC

(12) (14)
VCC Ref Out
(6) RT
(M) RT
(7) CT
(5)
GND CT

(12) (14)
VCC Ref Out
(6)
(S) RT
(M) : Master
(7) (5)
GND CT (S) : Slave

12 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

PACKAGE DRAWINGS (Unit : mm)

16-PIN PLASTIC DIP (7.62mm(300))

16 9

1 8

J K
I P L

F C B
H
M R
G D N M

NOTES ITEM MILLIMETERS

1. Each lead centerline is located within 0.25 mm of A 20.32 MAX.
its true position (T.P.) at maximum material condition. B 1.27 MAX.
C 2.54 (T.P.)
2. Item "K" to center of leads when formed parallel. D 0.500.10
F 1.1 MIN.
G 3.50.3
H 0.51 MIN.
I 4.31 MAX.
J 5.08 MAX.
K 7.62 (T.P.)
L 6.5

M 0.25 +0.10
0.05
N 0.25
P 1.1 MIN.
R 015
P16C-100-300B-2

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 13

 PC494

16-PIN PLASTIC SOP (9.53 mm (375))

16 9

detail of lead end

1 8

F H
G I J

B L
C N S
K
D M M

NOTE ITEM MILLIMETERS

Each lead centerline is located within 0.12 mm of A 10.00.2
its true position (T.P.) at maximum material condition. B 0.78 MAX.
C 1.27 (T.P.)
D 0.42 +0.08
0.07
E 0.1250.075
F 2.77 MAX.
G 2.470.1
H 10.30.3
I 7.2
J 1.6

K 0.17 +0.08
0.07
L 0.80.2
M 0.12
N 0.15

P 3 +7
3
P16GM-50-375B-6

14 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

16-PIN PLASTIC SOP (7.62 mm (300))

16 9

detail of lead end

1 8

F H
G I J

B L
N S K
C
D M M

NOTE ITEM MILLIMETERS

Each lead centerline is located within 0.12 mm of A 10.20.2
its true position (T.P.) at maximum material condition. B 0.78 MAX.
C 1.27 (T.P.)

D 0.42 +0.08
0.07
E 0.10.1
F 1.650.15
G 1.55
H 7.70.3
I 5.60.2
J 1.10.2

K 0.22 +0.08
0.07
L 0.60.2
M 0.12
N 0.10

P 3 +7
3
P16GM-50-300B-6

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 15

 PC494

RECOMMENDED SOLDERING CONDITIONS

When soldering this product, it is highly recommended to observe the conditions as shown below. If other soldering
processes are used, or if the soldering is performed under different conditions, please make sure to consult with our
sales offices.
For more details, refer to our document "SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MOUNTING TECHNOLOGY
MANUAL"(C10535E).

Type of Through-hole Device

PC494C: 16-pin plastic DIP (7.62 mm (300))

Process Conditions

Wave Soldering Solder temperature: 260C or below,

(only to leads) Flow time: 10 seconds or less.

Partial Heating Method Pin temperature: 300C or below,

Heat time: 3 seconds or less (per each lead).

Caution For through-hole device, the wave soldering process must be applied only to leads, and make sure
that the package body does not get jet soldered.

Type of Surface Mount Device

PC494G: 16-pin plastic SOP (9.53 mm (375))

PC494GS: 16-pin plastic SOP (7.62 mm (300))

Process Conditions Symbol

Infrared Ray Reflow Peak temperature: 230C or below (Package surface temperature), IR30-00-1
Reflow time: 30 seconds or less (at 210C or higher),
Maximum number of reflow processes: 1 time.

Vapor Phase Soldering Peak temperature: 215C or below (Package surface temperature), VP15-00-1
Reflow time: 40 seconds or less (at 200C or higher),
Maximum number of reflow processes: 1 time.

Wave Soldering Solder temperature: 260C or below, Flow time: 10 seconds or less, WS60-00-1
Maximum number of flow processes: 1 time,
Pre-heating temperature: 120C or below (Package surface temperature).

Partial Heating Method Pin temperature: 300C or below,

Heat time: 3 seconds or less (Per each side of the device).

Caution Apply only one kind of soldering condition to a device, except for "partial heating method", or the
device will be damaged by heat stress.

16 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

[MEMO]

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 17

 PC494

[MEMO]

18 Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00

 PC494

[MEMO]

Data Sheet G12649EJ4V0DS00 19

 PC494

The information in this document is current as of November, 2000. The information is subject to
change without notice. For actual design-in, refer to the latest publications of NEC's data sheets or
data books, etc., for the most up-to-date specifications of NEC semiconductor products. Not all
products and/or types are available in every country. Please check with an NEC sales representative
for availability and additional information.
No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of NEC. NEC assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
NEC does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of
third parties by or arising from the use of NEC semiconductor products listed in this document or any other
liability arising from the use of such products. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any
patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC or others.
Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative
purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. The incorporation of these
circuits, software and information in the design of customer's equipment shall be done under the full
responsibility of customer. NEC assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by customers or third
parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information.
While NEC endeavours to enhance the quality, reliability and safety of NEC semiconductor products, customers
agree and acknowledge that the possibility of defects thereof cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize
risks of damage to property or injury (including death) to persons arising from defects in NEC
semiconductor products, customers must incorporate sufficient safety measures in their design, such as
redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features.
NEC semiconductor products are classified into the following three quality grades:
"Standard", "Special" and "Specific". The "Specific" quality grade applies only to semiconductor products
developed based on a customer-designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. The
recommended applications of a semiconductor product depend on its quality grade, as indicated below.
Customers must check the quality grade of each semiconductor product before using it in a particular
application.
"Standard": Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audio
and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment
and industrial robots
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systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed
for life support)
"Specific": Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life
support systems and medical equipment for life support, etc.
The quality grade of NEC semiconductor products is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in NEC's
data sheets or data books, etc. If customers wish to use NEC semiconductor products in applications not
intended by NEC, they must contact an NEC sales representative in advance to determine NEC's willingness
to support a given application.
(Note)
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(2) "NEC semiconductor products" means any semiconductor product developed or manufactured by or for
NEC (as defined above).
M8E 00. 4
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