Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
JOURNAL
of the
AMERICAN CONCRETE
INSTITUTE
By BRUCE JOHNSTONt
MEMBER AMEHICA:-; CONCRETE IXSTITUTE
SYNOPSIS
Results of tests of 32 rectangular concrete beams reinforced with four
different types of high yield-point steels are presented in this report. The
beams had an effective depth of 12 in., a width of 12 in. and a distance
center-to-center of supports of 9 ft. The four types of steel used were:'
(1) hard grade steel, (2) nickel steel (one beam only) (3) square twisted
bars, and (4) "twin-twisted and stretched" bars.
Results show that when a concrete beam is reinforced against diagonal
tension failure the strength is determined by the total yield strength of
the steel (steel area times yield-point stress) and not by the type of
steel.
W w
2
9'-0 '1
2 16'
6'
, in'-o~
I
A:Jsition ,pI' Rt?inf'orcir79
ji? Stirru s
STIRRUPS
C-l () ST-2 14
C-2 II ST-:3 I4
*NOTE: Number of 74<1> def. stirrups evenly spaced at each end of the beam.
INTRODUCTION
allowed for special types of steels in which the yield point has been
raised by simultaneously stretching and twisting two round bars to-
gether.
A previous investigation considered principally "twin-twisted and
stretched" bars in comparison with structural grade carbon steel 1,2.
The present program has been designed to coincide with the previous
tests in regard to dimensions of specimens and strength of concrete
so that the data from both sources would be directly comparable.
TEST PROGRAM
r
70
a~
Twin-f i,fed S M ed
E !bWded- "'70fJ ~
/
No Embedde -Ai19 01
I/<vt
!/ / I
IV I I
II
4
I I I
I
t:L
3
SV<KYe Iwi"d I
I
~o If ' I
0
o
W 0.001 0,002 0003
I
0004- 000$ 0006
(/nit Strain
"'8
48
~
-.J
~
~J'2
.,0 Yi~/d';
a
~24
,S;
1/6
">-
t;
tl? 8
upon the amount of reinforcing, and for any given number their
size depends upon the deflection of the beam. The number of cracks
varied from 4 in beams with a low percentage of steel to 18 in the
beams with the high percentages. Fig. 9, 10, and 11 show the typica,l
condition of the beams after the ultimate load had been reached for
beams reinforced with hard grade deformed bars, square twisted bars,
and "twin-twisted and stretched" bars respectively. The upper
break in the load-deflection curve will be regarded as the limit of
structural usefulness or "structural yield point." The concrete begins
to crush shortly after passing the "structural yield point" and the
High Yield-Point Steel as Tension Reinforcement in Beams 75
.v
./
./
./ .
L6'
000
~
./
0 I
o 1oo 20000 30000 4oo 50000 6oo 70000 8OO
Total YIeld Strength of Steel (YP'Amo)-:!'ounds.
Le9!nd : 0 Deformed
I--t-
rovnd
: XI~Zelorst~;: twisfed orn:l sfrrfched a
.V
e Plain round
"!J
<e 4<JO<'{J
t-- t-- SIfIJQ~
o{olumbia
fwi5t~d
Ul'li~r.sity tt'~t"
./V >
b,./,
.=
I V
~ l:vo:
~ JOOO 0
S ~K
~
"ZOOOO
V :. I
g V"
" ,/ I~
o
o 10000 20000 30000 4()(}(}() 5OO 6OO 7CXJOO 8()()(X}
Totol Yield Strength of 6teel (YP'Areo) - I'bund,
Hard
Nickel
~ I---.
0 Square isfed
oa Twin'fwi5, ed and .$ r-'ch<d
a
. - r--
C';
~
00
.~.
~ ~ <to fl
.0
04
.. 18'"-
OJ
~ 01. 0.2 03 04 o.s 06 07 08 09
PPrcenta~ of Sleel ReinfOrci!?9
O'Br-----,---r_---,-----r--~-___,_--r_-__,
o liord
& Nickel
Square Twi,led
:R"
~11l
lil Twin'
071-~+-_+----'-_+--+"--="_1'"'"""--_q~=l'_______i
t is/ed 0"- Stretch
1~~06r~49~F=t=t=!t:'J
~~
"
~~O
~
0 0 0 go...
.0- ......
~
.<>
t
~ 04L-_--L-_----'-_ _...L.._---.l.._ _.L-_-L_-'_----'
01 02 OJ Q4 as Q6 07 08 Og
Percenfoge of Sfe~1 Reinforcing
32 tested the load at one-third the ultimate was smaller than at one-
half the "structural yield point." This result was made probable
because the structural yield of the beams was always closely followed
by ultimate failure.
G'/r-----.,---...,.----,---r----,
~ s;d----f---+---~-_r_~--___i
~
~4IJi1----+-----i1''---r-"Lr+------t----j
~
~
~ 3ol----f-'4c....P+=-<'"-::-~==+----j
~
~
l.ml---I'-I~---I---+---t----j
...J
~
~ /ol---+---t----+----j----j
~
-180
1\
~t' ~
--
0 0
40
~ ....... --: ~
I-- I--
V)30 -... t-- '" ~ fl-
,
'i"
!:!.zo
". c. kJ Sh"s ., ,[-ocT<>' ~I '" .hkC .i.,,. ~
..
&/0
o'0/ 02 03 04 Os 06 0] 08 09
F\>r;-ent or Sreel
20 . - - - . , . - -..... ----,---r----r---'-r-----..,
..
.
0 .. "
. 0 @
~
.
0
0
0
0
.. 0
5 t----j--->--+--f---+---+--f-----J
t o /-lord "rr7de
~
ED TIN;" f oW,5lr
e N~ck,
S9 t.. $ft'tT
o 0':;;0/;----;;;00;;-2---;0;;"03;---;;-004':::--O~O:::-"---;O""06::-----;;O""07;--~008
Rofio Bond Ar"7 per /nch
Concrrr'" orea
010$1ng Discussion
monnELP POI~rT ~;lrr~t~t AS ':Vl?;lfSlON B;aI~~:FO~lt:lD~rizmNT
:ttl fJEJWS
by
~ruce JohnstonO and KennethC. COX?
.. '."- _~ ....~ ,..:a; . ,. : ,~.,~" '. .....' "~' ,~; ,,,~, '.. ' .,' ,c. '.' ~'- ~'~~ .' . ' . . _'~ '., atfi'.'
Ass1at<
''''\0 " .
Directo:r.:!'r1tt ,Eng1neer.ingLaborato~y .
Lehigh Unlvers1 ty,13ethleho)11,t P$l1..~sylvanla
1 Form~rlyRese&roh ~$llOW~ Fritz El~ine$r1ng Laboratory
. Lehigh Unlvers1 ty" Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
*:'Tha Dalancad Design ot nectangul&:r Reintorced Concrete
Bearns"q Thesis prepared forM.SQ. dogree at Leh1gh Uni-
versity'by Kenneth C. 'Oox.
gests the d~t:1r,li~lon ot'" O,~004 inches perineh for the yield
II constant stt-sin 11m! til of 0,004 taches por inch.. .In 'the
1s til natural result o the ract that most ot the y'1eld points
isteg U No"l and No.2, however, the stress at 0.004 lno strain.
" ,
the oa.rbon oontent mnged betweon 0035 and 0.46 pel" cent, as
prior to twi.stlng~
In the Table on page 4 of Dr. Steinman's discussion
yield stv0ntif!;th will be Only 7ti7 par Q0nt bi~her for u tltU9
man Qtld did not usa this part of tho curve in concluding that
for one beam reinforced wi th true I $t~g~ Th,1s beam has a. per...
range.
steel an.d listed as thei.r major conclusion tl:$ fact, tl'.l$:t; the