Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) Chicago

Input Multiply Output Input Multiply Output Input Multiply Output

Units By Units Units By Units Units By Units
( k = 1,000 , m = 1,000,000 )
Length Calorific Values (volume basis) Horse-Power
ft 0.3048 m btu/ft3 37.259 k-J/m3 hp boiler 13.15 hp electric
in 2.54 cm btu/ft3 8.899 k-cal/m3 hp boiler 9.81 kw
in 0.0254 m therms/ft3 3725.89 m-J/m3 hp electric 0.076 hp boiler
miles 1.60934 km Coeff. Of Exp. (volumetric) hp electric 1.0143 hp metric
yds 0.9144 m lbs/ft3.F 28.833 kgs/cm3.C hp electric 746 watts (J/sec)
Areas Heat Capacity (specific heat) hp electric 0.746 kw
ft/sec2 0.3048 m/sec2 btu/lb.F 4186.8 J/kg.C hp metric 0.7355 kw
acre 0.004047 sq.km Heat Flux Density (Q) (W=J/sec) Velocity
sq.ft 0.0929 sq.m btu/hr.ft2 3.1546 W/m2 ft/min 0.508 cm/sec
sq.in 6.4516 sq.cm Thermal Conductivity (k) (W=J/sec) ft/min 0.01829 km/hr
sq.miles 2.59 sq.km btu.ft/hr.ft2.F 1.731 W/m.C ft/sec 30.48 cm/sec
sq.yd 0.83613 sq.m btu.in/hr.ft2.F 0.14423 W/m.C ft/sec 1.0973 km/hr
Density Resistance / Length ( R = 1/k) ft/sec 18.288 m/min
lbs/ft3 0.01602 kgs/liter F.ft2.hr/btu.ft 0.578 C.m/W mph 44.704 cm/sec
lbs/ft3 16.0185 kgs/m3 F.ft2.hr/btu.in 6.933 C.m/W mph 1.609344 km/hr
lbs/in3 27.68 gms/cm3 Heat Transfer Coeff. (U) (W=J/sec) mph 26.822 m/min
lbs/in3 27679.9 gms/liter btu/hr.ft2.F 5.6783 W/m2.C mph 0.4471 m/sec
lbs/gal 0.11983 gms/cm3 Conductance ( C , h ) (W=J/sec) knots 0.5144 m/sec
lbs/gal 119.83 kgs/m3 btu/hr.ft2.F 5.6783 W/m2.C mph 0.869 knots
lbs/gal 0.11983 kgs/liter Resistance ( 1/U , 1/h , L/k , 1/C ) Volume Flow (gpm water)
Energy F.ft2.hr/btu 0.1761 C.m2/W ft3/hr 7.865791 cm3/sec
btu 251.996 cals Pressure ft3/hr 0.028317 m3/hr
btu 0.251996 k-cals atmos 10332.27 kgf/m2 ft3/hr 0.47195 liters/min
btu 1.0551 kJ atmos 1013.25 millibars ft3/hr 471.948 cm3/sec
btu 0.0002931 kwh atmos 101325 N/m2 (Pa) ft3/min 1.699 m3/hr
btu 1055.056 watt-secs ft.H2o 304.398 kgf/m2 ft3/min 0.47195 liters/sec
btu 1054.728 Joules (J) ft.H2o 2985.13 N/m2 (Pa) ft3/min 7.48052 gpm
btu 1054.728 newton-m in.H2O 25.367 kgf/m2 ft3/min 62.3456 lbs H2O/m
hp 2.648 E 6 J or N-M in.H2O 2.487 millibars gpm 0.22713 m3/hr
hp 632.415 k-cals in.H2O 1.865 mm.Hg gpm 3.7854 liters/min
therms 2.52 E 7 cals in.H2O 248.76 N/m2 (Pa) gpm 3785.4 cm3/sec
therms 1.055 E 8 J or N-M in.Hg 345.315 kgf/m2 gpm 0.1337 ft3/min
Enthalpy in.Hg 25.4 mm.Hg Volume (gals water)
btu/lb 0.55555 cals/gm in.Hg (60 F) 3376.8 N/m2 (Pa) ft3 28317 cm3
btu/lb 0.55555 k-cals/kg in.Hg (32 F) 3386.39 N/m2 (Pa) ft3 0.028317 m3
btu/lb 2.326 J/gm lbsf/ft2 0.0004725 atmos in3 16.3871 cm3
btu/lb 2.326 k-J/kg lbsf/ft2 0.4788 millibars in3 1.6387 E -5 m3
Force (Weight) lbsf/ft2 4.88243 kgf/m2 in3 0.016387 liters
oz 28.349 gms lbsf/ft2 0.35913 mm.Hg yds3 0.7645 m3
oz 0.02835 kgs lbsf/ft2 47.88 N/m2 (Pa) gals 3785.41 cm3
oz 0.278 newtons lbsf/in2 0.068046 atmos gals 0.003785 m3
lbs 4.448 newtons lbsf/in2 68.947 millibars gals 3.78541 liters
lbs 0.4536 kgs lbsf/in2 6894.76 N/m2 (Pa) oz 29.57353 cm3
lbs 0.0004536 metric tons atmos 33.9 ft H2O oz 2.96E-05 m3
Mass Flow atmos 29.921 in.Hg oz 0.029573 liters
lbs/hr 0.454 kgs/hr ft.H2o 62.345 lbf/ft2 in3 0.554 oz
lbs/hr.ft2 0.001356 kgs/sec.m2 ft.H2o 0.433 lbf/in2 ft3 7.481 gals
lbs/sec.ft2 4.8824 kgs/sec.m2 lbsf/in2 2.31 ft.H2O ft3 62.357 lbs H2O
Mass Power gals 128 oz
lbs H2o 0.000454 m3 (60 F) btu/hr 0.2931 watts (J/sec) gals 4 quarts
tons long 1.016 tons metric btu/hr 0.000293 kw quarts 2 pints
tons long 1016.047 kgs btu/min 17.584 watts (J/sec) Specific Volume
tons short 907.185 kgs btu/min 0.017584 kw ft3/lb 62.428 cm3/gm
tons long 2240 lbs hp boiler 33472 btu/hr ft3/lb 0.06243 m3/kg
tons short 2000 lbs hp electric 2545.46 btu/hr ft3/lb 62.428 liters/kg

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP Arch-551 (Fall-2002) Arch-552 (Spring-2003)