Aplikasi Barrier System

dalam
Risk Reduction
Outline

Swiss Cheese Model

Barrier Definition

Barrier Element

Barrier Case Example

 SWISS CHEESE MODEL : Lesson Learned

Deepwater Horizon:
Lack of systematic
barrier management

The Deepwater Horizon accident in 2010

SWISS CHEESE MODEL

Protective
Hazard Barriers Introduced by
Prof James Reason
Weaknesses
or Holes

Accident
 SWISS CHEESE MODEL

Hazard Protective
Barriers

Weaknesses
or Holes

Accident
BARRIER DEFINITION

Technical, operational and organisational elements which are

PSA 2013 . intended individually or collectively to reduce possibility/ for
a specific error, hazard or accident to occur, or which limit its
harm/disadvantages

ISO 17776:2016
Functional grouping of safeguards or controls selected to
prevent a major accident or limit the consequences

A risk control that seeks to prevent unintended events from

IOGP 415 : 2016 occurring, or prevent escalation of events into incidents with
harmful consequences
 Barrier
BARRIER concepts : CONCEPT
DEFINITION
Safety barrier
Physical and/or non-physical means planned to prevent, control, or mitigate
undesired events or accidents (Sklet,2006)
Barrier function
The task or role of a barrier (PSA, 2013)
E.g., pressure relief
Barrier system
A system that has been designed and implemented to perform one or more
safety functions (DNV GL, 2014)
E.g., Pressure protectionsystem
Barrier element
Technical, operational, or organizational measures which play a part in
realizing a barrier function (PSA, 2013
E.g., pressure safety valve (PSV)
(Version0.1)
BARRIER DEFINITION : Generic Process Risk Management

Process for risk management in ISO 31000

BARRIER DEFINITION : Generic Process Risk Management
BARRIER DEFINITION : How it works

Barrier as preventive/control action

Barrier as mitigation action

BARRIER DEFINITION : Failures vs Integrity
BARRIER ELEMENT : SINTEF Model
Technical barrier elements
Engineered systems, structures, or other design features which realize one or
several barrier functions (DNV GL, 2014)
E.g., fire extinguisher
Operational barrier elements
A task performed by an operator, or team of operators, which realizes one or
several barrier functions (DNV GL, 2014)
E.g., operating procedure for the (manual) fire extinguisher
Organizational barrier elements
Personnel responsible for, and directly involved in, realizing one or several
barrier functions (DNV GL, 2014)
E.g., fire fighter
BARRIER ELEMENT : Function in system (SINTEF Model)

(SINTEF, 2016)
BARRIER ELEMENT : OGP Model

(OGP, 2016)
BARRIER ELEMENT : OGP Model

(OGP, 2016)
BARRIER ELEMENT : OGP Model
Hardware barriers implemented by the oil and gas industry for process safety can be
broadly categorized under eight hardware barrier categories:
Category 1: Structural Integrity
Category 2: Process Containment
Category 3: Ignition Control
Category 4: Detection Systems
Category 5: Protection Systems including deluge and firewater systems
Category 6: Shutdown Systems including operational well isolation and drilling well
control equipment
Category 7: Emergency Response
Category 8: Life-saving Equipment including evacuation systems

(OGP, 2016)
BARRIER ELEMENT : OGP Model
Human barriers implemented by the oil and gas industry for process safety can be
broadly categorized under six human barrier categories:
Category 1: Operating in accordance with procedures, e.g.
Permit To Work
Isolation of equipment
Overrides and inhibits of safety systems
Shift handover
Category 2: Surveillance, operator rounds and routine inspection
Category 3: Authorization of temporary and mobile equipment
Category 4: Acceptance of handover or restart of facilities or equipment
Category 5: Response to process alarm and upset conditions (e.g. outside safe envelope)
Category 6: Response to emergencies
(OGP, 2016)
BARRIER ELEMENT : OGP Model
Management System Elements directly support hardware and human barriers that
are designed to prevent LOPC and other types of asset integrity or process safety
events, and mitigate any potential consequences of such events.
Some examples are:
Permit to work (Element 8)
Management of Change (Element 5)
Emergency Response Procedure (Element 7)
Competency Management (Element 3)
Contractor Management (Element 3)
Technical Integrity (Element 6)
Corrosion Management (Element 6)
Equipment Isolation (Element

(OGP, 2016)
BARRIER CASE EXAMPLE

(OGP, 2016)
BARRIER CASE EXAMPLE

(OGP, 2016)
Thank You