TCNICO UNIVERSITARIO EN TRADUCCIN

Espaol e Ingls

ADVERBIAL AND ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES

SPOILED PATTERNS Functions of Dependent Clauses

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES
NOUN CLAUSES

A sentence pattern that has been spoiled is a dependent clause. Its independence has been
spoiled by the addition of a subordinate conjunction (spoiler). The spoiled pattern can be used
as an adjective, an adverb, or a noun.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
The following is a list of the chief subordinating conjunctions (spoilers) which, when added to a
complete sentence pattern, "spoil" the independent statement of the pattern and make it a
dependent clause.

Adverbial clauses modify verbs as follows:

Time: after, as, before, just, since, till, when, whenever, while, as soon as, as long as
1. She left [ before I came home. ] (When did she leave?)

2. [ As soon as I entered the room,] I saw an old friend. (When did I see an old friend?)

Place: whence, where, wherever, whether

1. I shall follow you [ wherever you go.] (Where shall I follow you?)

2. We stopped [ where the roads intersected.] (Where did we stop?)

Cause or Reason: as, because, for, since

1. He runs [ because he needs exercise.] (Why does he run?)

2. [ Since I am not an adult,] I cannot see that movie. (For what reason can I not see the
movie?)

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Purpose: that, in order that, so, lest
1. They bought a farm [ in order that they might raise animals.] (For what purpose did
they buy a farm?)

Result: that, so that

1. He was so bored [ that he fell asleep in class.] (As a result of his boredom, what happened?)

2. It snowed all night [ so that the classes were canceled.] (As a result of the snow, what
happened?)

Manner: as if, if; unless, provided, provided that, in case that, on condition that

1. They performed [ as if they were professionals.] (How did they perform?)

2. Follow the directions [ as you have been instructed. ] (How should you follow the directions?)

Concession: although, though, even if; while

1. [ Although he lacks formal training,] he does his job well. (I admit he does his job well.)

2. [ Even though I studied all night,] I failed the test. (I admit I failed the test.)

With adverbial clauses of comparison, some part of the clause may be omitted because the
omission is clearly understood.

In the following examples the verb is understood (not expressed), and completes the pattern of
the adverbial clause.

Comparison or Degree: as ... as, so ... as, than

V
1. Susan is taller [ than Mary (is).]
V
2. My car was as new [ as hers (was).]
V
3. Dave is not so tall [ as John (is).]

Adverbial clauses modify adjectives and adverbs as follows:

1. We are happy [ that you went to Spain.] (modifies adjective happy)

2. The assignment was so long [ that we could not complete it.] (modifies adverb so)

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ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES

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 8. Some health food advocates omit foods which are processed with additives.

9. People enjoy experiences that are adventurous.

10. Sponsors invest money in commercials that are influential.

PRACTICE: ADVERBIAL AND ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES

DIRECTIONS: Within each of the following sentences, identify the spoiled clause as adjective or
adverb, box the spoiler, and draw an arrow ---> to the word modified. Enclose all spoiled
clauses in [ brackets ]. Write if it is an Adj or Adv clause in the blank to the left.

N1 LV Adj
Example: ____Adv__ Mr. Jones was late [ because his car would not start.]
(tells why he was late)

__________ 1. After they completed their studying, the students met in the lounge.

__________ 2. The speaker who gave the commencement address is a native of Hungary.

__________ 3. She wore a yellow rose so that he would recognize her.

__________ 4. The boy who took Jean to the dance is her cousin.

__________ 5. John gave his younger brother several souvenirs which he bought in California.

__________ 6. The young mother gave the baby a rattle so that she would not cry.

__________ 7. Whenever she complained about her work, she received additional duties.

__________ 8. She could go to the dance provided she would be home by eleven.

__________ 9. As I left the office, I met Joan.

__________ 10. Joan was late for work because she missed her bus.

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 8. Some health food advocates omit foods which are processed with additives.

9. People enjoy experiences that are adventurous.

10. Sponsors invest money in commercials that are influential.

PRACTICE: ADVERBIAL AND ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES

DIRECTIONS: Within each of the following sentences, identify the spoiled clause as adjective or
adverb, box the spoiler, and draw an arrow ---> to the word modified. Enclose all spoiled
clauses in [ brackets ]. Write if it is an Adj or Adv clause in the blank to the left.

N1 LV Adj
Example: ____Adv__ Mr. Jones was late [ because his car would not start.]
(tells why he was late)

__________ 1. After they completed their studying, the students met in the lounge.

__________ 2. The speaker who gave the commencement address is a native of Hungary.

__________ 3. She wore a yellow rose so that he would recognize her.

__________ 4. The boy who took Jean to the dance is her cousin.

__________ 5. John gave his younger brother several souvenirs which he bought in California.

__________ 6. The young mother gave the baby a rattle so that she would not cry.

__________ 7. Whenever she complained about her work, she received additional duties.

__________ 8. She could go to the dance provided she would be home by eleven.

__________ 9. As I left the office, I met Joan.

__________ 10. Joan was late for work because she missed her bus.