Si F 2013indexix

This file is licensed to Rabee Taleb (rabee_t@hotmail.com).
Publication Date: 6/1/2013
CHAPTER I
COMPOSITE INDEX
ASHRAE HANDBOOK SERIES
This index covers the current Handbook series published by The page reference for an index entry includes the book letter
ASHRAE. The four volumes in the series are identified as follows: and the chapter number, which may be followed by a decimal point
and the beginning page in the chapter. For example, the page num-
R = 2010 Refrigeration
ber S31.4 means the information may be found in the 2012 HVAC
A = 2011 HVAC Applications Systems and Equipment volume, Chapter 31, beginning on page 4.
S = 2012 HVAC Systems and Equipment Each Handbook volume is revised and updated on a four -year
F = 2013 Fundamentals cycle. Because technology and the interests of ASHRAE members
change, some topics are not included in the current Handbook
Alphabetization of the index is letter by letter; for example, Heat- series but may be found in the earlier Handbook editions cited in
ers precedes Heat exchangers, and Floors precedes Floor slabs. the index.
Abbreviations, F37 moisture, F32.1 electronic, S10.2; S29.5, 6; S33.2

Absorbents solid-vapor sorption, F2.20 evaporative coolers, S41.8
liquid, F2.14; F32.3 Aeration, of farm crops, A25 maintenance, S29.8
refrigerant pairs, F2.15 Aerosols, S29.1 media filters, S29.4
Absorption Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S44.7 Air conditioners. (See also Central air
ammonia/water, F30.69 AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency conditioning)
hydrogen cycle, R18.8 (AFUE) packaged terminal (PTAC), S50.5
Licensed for single user. 2013 ASHRAE, Inc.
technology, R18.7 AHU. See Air handlers design, S50.6

chillers, S3.4 Air heavy-duty commercial grade, S2.3
turbines, S8.5 age of, and ventilation, F16.4 sizes and classifications, S50.5
coefficient of performance (COP), changes per hour (ACH), F16.4 testing, S50.7
F2.14 drying, S24.11 residential, A1
dehumidification, S24.10 flux, F25.2 split systems, S2.6
equipment, R18.1 liquefaction, R47.8 through-the-wall room units, A1.6
evolving technologies, R18.10 permeability, F25.2 unitary, A1.4
ideal thermal, F2.13 permeance, F25.2 retail stores, A2.1
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.17 separation, R47.17 rooftop units, S2.9
refrigeration cycles, F2.13 transfer, F25.2 room
ammonia/water, F2.15, 19; F30.69 Air barriers, F26.5 codes and standards, S50.4
calculations, F2.18 Airborne infectious diseases, F10.7 design, S50.1
cascaded, F2.16 Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial features, S50.3
coupling, F2.16 exhaust gas cleaning) filters, S50.4
double-effect, F2.16 gaseous (indoor air) installation and service, S50.4
lithium bromide/water, F2.15; F30.69 adsorbers, A46.6 noise, S50.4
modeling analysis and performance, F2.17 chemisorbers, A46.7 performance, S50.2
phase constraints, F2.14 economics, A46.14 sizes and classifications, S50.1
representations, F2.16 energy consumption, A46.14 split systems, S49.1
solar cooling, A35.18, 26; S37.4, 10 environmental effects on, A46.15 coil placement, S49.8
water/lithium bromide technology installation, A46.14 residential and light-commercial, S2.6
components, R18.1 media selection, A46.10 unitary
control, R18.6 operation and maintenance, A46.15 air handlers, S49.7
double-effect chillers, R18.3 safety, A46.14 application, S49.1
maintenance, R18.7 sizing, A46.10 capacity control, S49.7
operation, R18.6 terminology, A46.6 certification, S49.6
single-effect chillers, R18.2 testing, A46.16 circuit components, S49.6
single-effect heat transformers, R18.3 types, A46.9 codes and standards, S49.5, 6
terminology, R18.1 industrial exhaust systems, A32.8 desuperheaters, S49.4
working fluids, F2.15 particulate efficiency, S49.5
Acoustics. See Sound contaminants, S29.1 electrical design, S49.7
Activated carbon adsorption, A46.6 industrial ventilation, S29.2 installation, S49.2
Adaptation, environmental, F9.16 particle collection mechanisms, S29.2 mechanical design, S49.8
ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index penetration, S29.2 multizone, S49.5
(ADPI) residential, S29.8 piping, S49.7
Adsorbents safety requirements, S29.10 refrigerant circuit control, S49.6
impregnated, S30.24 selection, S29.8 service, S49.2
solid, A46.6; F32.4 standards, S29.3, 4 space conditioning/water heating,
Adsorption test methods, S29.2 S49.4
dehumidification, S24.1, 11 types types, S49.2, 4
indoor air cleaning, A46.6 air washers, S41.8 unit ventilators, S28.1
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.23 combination, S29.5 window-mounted, S2.3
Copyright 2013, ASHRAE
I.1
This file is licensed to Rabee Taleb (rabee_t@hotmail.com). Publication Date: 6/1/2013
I.2 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

Air conditioning. (See also Central air split, S2.6 induction ratio, F20.2
conditioning) temporary exhibits, A5.8 neck area, F20.2
airports, A3.6 textile processing plants, A21.4 occupied zone, F20.2
animal buildings, A24.4 theaters, A5.3 outlet, F20.2
arenas, A5.4 transportation centers, A3.6 primary air, F20.2
atriums, A5.9 warehouses, A3.8 space, F20.1
auditoriums, A5.3 wood products facilities, A26.1 stratification height, F20.3
automobiles, A10.1 Air contaminants, F11. (See also stratified zone, F20.3
bakeries, R41 Contaminants) terminology, F20.2
buses, A11.2 Aircraft, A12 total air, F20.3
bus terminals, A3.6 air conditioning, A12.10 upper zone, F20.7
changeover temperature, S5.12, 13 air distribution, A12.12 Air diffusion performance index (ADPI), A57.5
clean spaces, A18 air filters, A12.9, 14 Air distribution, A57; F20; S4; S20
commercial buildings, A3.1; S2.7 air quality, A12.13 in-room terminal systems, S5.10
computer rooms, A19 cabin pressurization aircraft cabins, A12.12
concert halls, A5.4 control, A12.11, 13 air terminals, A57.1
convention centers, A5.5 performance, A12.9, 15 animal environments, A24.3, 5
data processing areas, A19 carbon dioxide concentration, A12.14 applications, A57
desiccant dehumidification and, S24.9 environmental control system (ECS), buildings, S4.1
dormitories, A6.1, 8 A12.11, 13, 15 central system, A42.1
educational facilities, A7.1 air-conditioning packs, A12.9 control, S4.17
engine test facilities, A17.1 air-cycle machine, A12.10 ductwork, S1.7; S4.10
equipment cabin pressure control, A12.9, 11, 13, 15 equipment, S20
outdoor, S2.8 design conditions, A12.1 fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.9
refrigeration, S3.3 engine bleed air system, A12.10 forced-air systems, small, S10.6
exhibition centers, A5.5 load determination, A12.1 industrial environments, A31.3

fairs, A5.8 outside air, A12.9 isovels, A57.5
fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.7 pneumatic system, A12.10 kitchen makeup air, A33.23
gymnasiums, A5.5 regulations, A12.14 laboratories, A16.9
health care facilities, A8 heating, A12.6 mapping, A57.5
hospitals, A8.2 humidity, A12.12 occupied zone, A57.1
nursing facilities, A8.14 oxygen levels, A12.1, 9 places of assembly, A5.2
outpatient, A8.14 ozone concentration, A12.12, 14, 15 rail cars, A11.7
hotels and motels, A6 ventilation, A12.6, 15 retail stores, A2.1
houses of worship, A5.3 Air curtains, display cases, R15.5 ships, A13.2, 4
ice rinks, A5.5 Air diffusers, S20 sound control, A48.8, 37
industrial environments, A14; A31 sound control, A48.15 systems, A57.1
kitchens, A33 testing, A38.2 design considerations, A57.2
laboratories, A16.1 Air diffusion, F20 fully stratified, A57.6
mass transit, A11.2 air jets mixed, A57.2
mines, A29 Archimedes number, F20.6 partially mixed, A57.9
natatoriums, A5.6 axial, F20.2, 5 rooms, A57.1
nuclear facilities, A28 behavior, F20.3 terminal boxes, A47.12
office buildings, A3.1 centerline velocity, F20.3 testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.3
paper products facilities, A26.2 Coanda effect; F20.2, 6 textile processing plants, A21.6
photographic processing and storage areas, drop, F20.2 zone control, 17
A22.1 entrainment ratios, F20.5 Air exchange rate
places of assembly, A5 expansion zones, F20.3 air changes per hour (ACH), F16.4
plant growth chambers, A24.17 fundamentals, F20.3 modeling, F16.22
power plants, A27.10 isothermal, F20.2, 3 multizone measurement, F16.6
printing plants, A20 multiple, F20.6 time constants, F16.4
public buildings, A3.1 nonisothermal, F20.2, 3 tracer gas measurement method, F16.5
rail cars, A11.5 spread, F20.2 Air filters. See Filters, air
retrofitting, contaminant control, R7.9 surface (wall and ceiling), F20.6 Airflow
solar energy systems, A35.15, 18, 26 throw, F20.4 air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13
subway stations, A15.14 velocity, terminal, F20.3 around buildings, F24
swimming areas, A5.6 vena contracta, F20.3 air intake contamination estimation, F24.11
systems applications, A57 coefficients wind pressure, F24.3
decentralized, S2.1 aspect ratio, F20.2, 3 computational modeling, F24.9
floor-by-floor, S2.7 core area, F20.2 internal pressure, F24.9
forced-air, small, S10.1 diffuser, F20.1 LES model, F24.10
packaged discharge, coefficient of, F20.2 modeling and testing, F24.9
outdoor equipment, S2.8 distribution, F20.2 patterns, A45.3; F24.1
rooftop, S2.9 draft, F20.2 RANS model, F24.10
radiant panel S6.1 effective area, F20.2, 3 through building components, F25.9
selection, S1.1, 8 equipment, S20 clean spaces, A18.3
self-contained, S2.7 free area, F20.2 computational fluid dynamics, A40.14
space requirements, S1.6 induction, F20.2 computer-aided modeling, A18.5
F = 2013 Fundamentals S = 2012 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2011 HVAC Applications R = 2010 Refrigeration
Composite Index I.3

condensers controlling, air-vapor retarder, F16.17 Ammonia
air-cooled, S39.9 leakage function, F16.15 absorption
evaporative, S39.15 measurement, F16.14, 16 ammonia/water, F2.19; R18.7
control, F25; F26; F27 Air outlets ammonia/water/hydrogen, R18.8
and convection, F25.6 accessories, S20.4 in animal environments, A24.2, 9
displacement flow, F16.3 dampers, S20.4, 6 properties, F30.6869
entrainment flow, F16.3 location, S10.3 system practices, R2
exhaust hoods, A32.3 selection, S20.2 and water, F30.3839
furnaces, S33.3 smudging, S20.3 Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A55.7
with heat and moisture flow, F25.14 sound level, S20.2 Anemometers
laminar, A18.4 supply, S20.1 air devices, A38.2
measurement of, A38.2 surface effects, S20.2 types, F36.15
modeling temperature differential, S20.2 Animal environments
in buildings, F13 types, S20.3 air contaminants
hygrothermal, F25.16 Airports, air conditioning, A3.6 ammonia, A24.2, 9
nonunidirectional, A18.3 Air quality. [See also Indoor air quality (IAQ)] carbon dioxide, A24.2
perfect mixing, F16.3 aircraft cabins, A12.13 air distribution, A24.3, 5
pressure differentials, F25.5 animal buildings, A24.2 air inlets, A24.6
smoke management, A53.5 bus terminals, A15.24 air quality control, A24.2
solar energy systems, A35.25 diesel locomotive facilities, A15.28 air transport, R0.2
terminology, F25.2 parking garages, A15.19 cattle, beef and dairy, A24.7
tracking, A47.9 road tunnels, A15.9 cooling, A24.4
unidirectional, A18.4, 13, 14 tollbooths, A15.26 design, A24.1
velocity measurement, F36.15 Airtightness, F36.24 disease control, A24.3
and water vapor flow, F25.12 Air-to-air energy recovery, S26 evaporative cooling, A24.4; A52.13
wind Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13 fans, A24.6

data, F24.3, 6 Air transport, R27 heating, A24.4
effects on system operation, F24.7 animals, R27.2 hydrogen sulfide, A24.2
velocity pressure (Bernoulli equation), F24.3 commodity requirements, R27.2 insulation, A24.4
wind tunnels, F24.10 design considerations, R27.2 laboratory conditions, A16.14; A24.9
Airflow retarders, F25.9, 10 galley refrigeration, R27.5 moisture control, A24.2
Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow) ground handling, R27.4 particulate matter (PM), A24.2
Air handlers perishable cargo, R27.1 poultry, A24.8
all-air systems, S4.3 refrigeration, R27.3 shades, A24.3
cooling, S4.4 shipping containers, R27.3 swine, A24.7
dampers, S4.6, S4.7 Air washers temperature control, A24.1
dehumidification, S4.6, 9 air cleaning, S41.8 ventilation, A24.5
distribution systems, A42.1 coolers, S41.6 Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
draw-through, S4.3 dehumidification performance factor, S41.8 S33.9; S34.2
economizers, S4.7 heat and mass transfer, simultaneous, Antifreeze
fans, S4.4, 6, 9 F6.11 coolants secondary, F31.4
filter, S4.8 high-velocity spray type, S41.7 ethylene glycol, F31.4
heating, S4.5 humidification, S41.7 hydronic systems, S13.23
humidification, S4.5, 8 maintenance, S41.9 propylene glycol, F31.4
location, S4.4 spray type, S41.6 Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5
mixing plenum, S4.7 textile processing plants, A21.4 Apartment buildings
psychrometrics, S4.4 water treatment, A49.9; S41.9 service water heating, A50.15, 18
reheat, S4.8 Algae, control, A49.5 ventilation, A1.6
sequencing, A42.35 All-air systems Aquifers, thermal storage, S51.6
set point reset, A42.36 advantages, S4.1 Archimedes number, F20.6
sound levels, A48.8 air distribution, S4.10 Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives,
strategies, A42.35 air handlers, S4.3 and libraries
unitary, air conditioners, S49.7 buildings, S4.1 Arenas
vibration isolation, S4.9 constant-volume, S4.10, 12 air conditioning, A5.4
Air inlets control, S4.17 smoke management, A53.12
applications, S20.7 cooling, S4.4, 8 Argon, recovery, R47.17
types, S20.7 costs, S4.3 Asbestos, F10.5
Air intakes dehumidification, S4.6, 9 ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH)
design, A45.1 disadvantages, S4.1 Atriums
hospitals, A8.2 dual-duct, S4.12 air conditioning, A5.9
location to avoid contamination, A45.2 economizers, S4.7 smoke management, A53.12
outdoor, S4.7 heating, S4.2, 5 Attics, unconditioned, F27.2
vehicular facilities, enclosed, A15.37 humidification, S4.5, 8 Auditoriums, A5.3
Air jets. See Air diffusion multizone, S4.13 Automobiles
Air leakage. (See also Infiltration) primary equipment, S4.4 engine test facilities, A17.1
area, F16.15 single-duct, S4.10 HVAC, A10
building distribution, F16.17 variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.11, 12 design factors, A10.1
commercial buildings, F16.25 zoning, S4.2 subsystems, A10.3

Autopsy rooms, A9.5, 6 wine Boiling
Avogadros law, and fuel combustion, F28.10 production, R39.8 critical heat flux, F1.3
Backflow-prevention devices, S47.13 storage temperature, R39.10 evaporators
BACnet, A40.17; F7.18 BIM. See Building information modeling flow mechanics, F1.5
Bacteria (BIM) heat transfer, F1.6
control, A49.5 Bioaerosols film, F1.2
food, growth in, R22.1 airborne natural convection systems, F1.1
humidifiers, growth in, S22.1 bacteria, F11.2, 6 nucleate, F1.1, 2
pathogens, F10.8 fungus spores, F11.2 pool, F1.1
Bakery products, R41 microbiological particulate, F11.6 Brayton cycle
air conditioning, R41.1 mold, F11.7 cryogenics, R47.11
bread, R41 pollen, F11.2 gas turbine, S7.18
cooling, R41.4 sampling, F11.7 Bread, R41
dough production, R41.2 viruses, F11.2 Breweries
freezing, R41.5 origins, F11.1 carbon dioxide production, R39.6
ingredient storage, R41.1 particles, F10.4 refrigeration
refrigeration; R16.2, R41.1 Biocides, control, A49.5 fermenting cellar, R39.4
slicing, R41.5 Biodiesel, F28.6 Kraeusen cellar, R39.5
wrapping, R41.5 Biological safety cabinets, A16.6 stock cellar, R39.5
Balance point, heat pumps, S49.9 Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A18.7 systems, R39.7
Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- wort cooler, R39.3
balancing) logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents storage tanks, R39.6
air distribution systems, A38.3 Boilers, S32 vinegar production, R39.8
dual-duct systems, A38.4 air supply, S35.25 Brines. See Coolants, secondary
HVAC systems, A38.1 burners, S31.1 Building automation systems (BAS), A40.17;
hydronic systems, A38.6 burner types, S32.7 F7.14

induction systems, A38.5 carbonic acid, S11.2 Building energy monitoring, A41. (See also
kitchen ventilation systems, A33.3 central Energy, monitoring)
refrigeration systems, R5.1 multifamily, A1.6 Building envelopes
steam distribution systems, A38.15 plants, S12.7 air barrier, A44.1
temperature controls, A38.16 classifications, S32.1 requirements, A44.5
variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, codes, S32.6 air intrusion, A44.2
A38.4 combination, S32.4 air leakage control, A44.4
BAS. See Building automation systems (BAS) condensing, S32.3 attics, A44.8
Baseboard units construction materials, S32.1 bound water, A44.2
application, S36.5 controls, A47.1; S32.7 building assembly, A44.1
design effects, S36.3 flame safeguard, S32.8 building enclosure, A44.1
finned-tube, S36.1 draft types, S32.3 component, A44.1
heating equipment, S36.1 dry-base, S32.1 condensation, A44.1; S22.3
nonstandard condition corrections, S36.3 efficiency, S32.5 convective loop, A44.2
radiant, S36.1 electric, S32.4 driving rain load, F25.4
rating, S36.3 equipment, S3.5 dropped ceiling, A44.7
Basements gas-fired, S31.5, 11 durability, A44.2
conditioned, A44.11 venting, S35.18 energy conservation, A44.1
heat loss, F17.11; F18.30 integrated, S32.4 exfiltration, A44.2
heat transfer, F27.2 modeling, F19.12 existing buildings
moisture control, A44.11 noncondensing, S32.3 changing HVAC equipment in,
unconditioned, A44.11 oil-fired venting, S35.19 A44.11
Beers law, F1.16 piping, S11.3 envelope modifications in, A44.12
Bernoulli equation, F21.1 rating, S32.5 face-sealed systems, A44.9
generalized, F3.2, 6 residential, A1.3 fenestration, A44.2
kinetic energy factor, F3.2 scotch marine, S32.2 foundations, A44.11
steady flow, F3.12 selection, S32.5 heat transfer through, A44.11
wind velocity pressure, F24.3 service water heating, A50.28 moisture effects, A44.11
Best efficiency point (BEP), S44.7 sizing, S32.6 historic buildings, A44.11
Beverages, R39 standards, S32.6 hygrothermal design analysis, A44.2
beer, R39.1 steam, S32.1 infiltration, A44.2
storage requirements, R21.11 systems, S11.3 insulation, F26.1
carbonated, R39.10 stokers, S31.16 interstitial spaces, A44.7
coolers, R39.11 storing, A49.11 interzonal environmental loads, A44.7
fruit juice, R38.1 venting, S35.18, 19 material properties, F26
liquid carbon dioxide storage, R39.12 wall-hung, S32.4 moisture content, A44.2
refrigeration systems, R39.11 waste heat, S11.3 moisture control, A44.5
refrigerators for, R16.2 water, S32.1 museums, galleries, archives, and libraries,
thermal properties, R19.1 water treatment, A49.10 A23.12
time calculations wet-base, S32.1 plenum, A44.2
cooling, R20.1 wet-leg, S32.1 return air, A44.7
freezing, R20.7 working pressure, S32.1 rain screen designs, A44.9
Composite Index I.5

roofs, A44.8 equipment, A15.33 ventilation, R25.5, 10
insulated sloped assemblies, A44.8 operation areas, A15.24 Carnot refrigeration cycle, F2.6
low-slope assemblies, A44.8 platforms, A15.24 Cattle, beef, and dairy, A24.7. (See also Animal
steep-roof assemblies, A44.8 Butane, commercial, F28.5 environments)
vegetated roofing, A44.8 CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD) CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV)
R-value, A44.2 Cafeterias, service water heating, A50.14, 21 Cavitation, F3.13
clear-wall, A44.4 Calcium chloride brines, F31.1 pumps, centrifugal, S44.10
material, A44.2 Candy valves, S47.2
system, A44.2 chocolate, R42.1 CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological,
total, A44.2 manufacture, R42.1 and explosive (CBRE) incidents
sorption, A44.2 storage, R42.6 Ceiling effect. See Coanda effect
structural failure, from moisture, F25.17 Capillary action, and moisture flow, F25.10 Ceilings
surface condensation, A44.7 Capillary tubes natural ventilation, F16.13
terminology, A44.1 capacity balance, R11.25 sound correction, A48.31
thermal characteristic curve, R11.25 sound transmission, A48.38
break, A44.2 pressure-reducing device, R11.24 Central air conditioning, A42. (See also Air
bridges, A44.2; F25.8 restrictor orifice, S23.2 conditioning)
insulation, A44.2 selection, R11.26 Central plants
mass, A44.4 Carbon dioxide boiler, S12.7
performance, A44.3 in aircraft cabins, A12.14 chiller, S12.1, 7
transmittance, A44.2 in animal environments, A24.2 distribution design, S12.9
U-factor (thermal transmittance), A44.2 combustion, F28.1 district heating and cooling, S12.5
U-value, F25.7 greenhouse enrichment, A24.14 emission control, S12.8
vapor liquefaction, R39.7 heating medium, S12.5
barrier, continuous, A44.5 measurement, F36.24 hotels and motels, A6.7
diffusion control, A44.2 refrigerant, R3.1 thermal storage, S12.8

retarder (vapor barrier), A44.2 storage, R39.12 Central systems
wall/window interface, A44.6 Carbon emissions, F34.6 cooling and heating, S3.1
walls, A44.9 Carbon monoxide features, S1.4
curtain, A44.9 analyzers, A15.10, 11 furnaces, S33.1
precast concrete panels, A44.9 health effects, F10.15 humidifiers, S22.6
steel-stud, A44.10 parking garages, A15.19, 20 residential forced air, S10.1
water-resistive barrier (WRB), A44.2 road tunnels, A15.9 space requirements, S1.6
wind washing, A44.2 tollbooths, A15.26 in tall buildings, A4.8
zone method, A44.4 Cargo containers, R25 acoustical considerations, A4.11
Building information modeling (BIM), A40.15 airborne sound, R25.7 economic considerations, A4.10
Building materials, properties, F26 air circulation, R25.3 location, A4.10
Building thermal mass ambient design factors, R25.6 ventilation, with in-room terminal systems,
charging and discharging, S51.20 commodity precooling, R25.10 S5.3
effects of, S51.18 control, R25.5, 11 Cetane number, engine fuels, F28.8
precooling, A42.37 controlled atmosphere, R25.5 CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Burners costs, owning and operating, R25.9 Charging, refrigeration systems, R8.4
air supply, S35.25 design, R25.1 Chemical, biological, radiological, and
controls, S31.19 equipment explosive (CBRE) incidents, A59
conversion, S31.4, 6 attachment provisions, R25.3 biological events, A59.8
dual-fuel gas/oil, S31.14 design and selection factors, R25.6, 8 building envelope as protection, F16.11, 19
gas-fired, S31.3 operating economy, R25.7 chemical agent types, A59.6
altitude compensation, S31.9 qualification testing, R25.8 gases and vapors, A59.8
combustion and adjustments, S31.19 selection, R25.9 incapacitating, A59.6
commercial, S31.6 system application factors, R25.8 irritants, A59.6
industrial, S31.6 types, R25.3 toxic, A59.6
residential, S31.5 heating only, R25.5 chemical events, A59.5
venting, S35.18 insulation barrier, R25.1 explosive events, A59.10
oil-fired, S31.11 load calculations, R25.8 design considerations, A59.11
commercial, S31.12 maintenance, R25.11 loading description, A59.10
fuel handling, S31.14 mechanical cooling and heating, R25.3 radiological events, A59.9
industrial, S31.12 operations, R25.10 Chemical plants
residential, S31.11 qualification testing, R25.8 automation, R46.3
venting, S35.19 safety, R25.7 energy recovery, R46.4
venting, S35.18, 19 sanitation, R25.3 flow sheets, R46.1
Buses shock and vibration, R25.6 instrumentation and controls, R46.8
air conditioning, A11.2 space considerations, R25.10 outdoor construction, R46.4
garage ventilation, A15.21 storage effect cooling, R25.5 piping, R46.8
Bus terminals system application, R25.8 pumps, R46.8
air conditioning, A3.6 temperature-controlled transport, R25.1 refrigeration
physical configuration, A15.23 temperature settings, R25.10 compressors, R46.6
ventilation use, R25.10 condensers, R46.6
effects of alternative fuel use, A15.25 vapor barrier, R25.1 cooling towers, R46.8

equipment, R46.3, 6 prerotation vanes, S43.4, 9 operation, A18.19
evaporators, R46.7 reciprocating particle sources, A18.3
load, R46.2 components, S43.5 pharmaceutical, A18.7
safety requirements, R46.2 control, S43.7 aseptic, A18.7
spray ponds, R46.8 equipment, S43.5 biomanufacturing, A18.7
systems, R46.1, 5 performance, S43.6 contaminant control, A18.9
safety requirements, R46.2 refrigerant selection, S43.6 control and monitoring, A18.10
specifications, R46.1 selection methods, S43.7 design, A18.8
tanks, R46.8 refrigeration cycle, S43.1 isolators, A18.10
Chemisorption, A46.7 screw nonaseptic, A18.11
Chilled beams, S20.9 applications, S43.15 start-up, A18.11
Chilled water (CW) capacity control, S43.14 unidirectional hoods, A18.9
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, components, S43.13 pressurization, A18.16
S7.44 equipment, S43.13 process exhaust, A18.16, 18
district heating and cooling, S12.7, 24, 37 maintenance, S43.15 semiconductor, A18.13
optimal temperature, A42.26 performance, S43.13 system sizing and redundancy, A18.17
pumping system, A42.12, 27 selection methods, S43.3, 7, 10 temperature control, A18.16
pump sequencing, A42.25, 29 sequencing, A42.29, 32 terminology, A18.1
reset, A42.25, 27 standards, S43.5 testing, A18.7
systems, S13.1, 17 subcooling, S43.1 vibration control, A18.19
central plant, A38.14 and turbines, S8.5 Clear-sky solar radiation, calculation, F14.7
heat transfer vs. flow, A38.7 vapor compression model, F19.13 Climate change, effect on climatic design
one-pipe, S13.19 variable-flow, S43.2 conditions, F14.14
testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.8 variable-speed, S43.4, 10 Climatic design information, F14
two-pipe, S13.19 vibration control, S43.11 annual design conditions, 14.1
thermal storage; S51.4 walk-in, R16.3 calculation of, F14.5

water treatment, A49.10 Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F1.7 changes in, F14.6
Chillers Chimneys, S35 climate changes effect on, F14.14
absorption, S3.4 accessories, S35.27 cooling, F14.6
ammonia/water, R18.7 capacity calculation examples, S35.12 data sources, F14.4
heat-activated, S7.38 caps, S35.30 dehumidification, F14.6
water/lithium bromide, R18.2 codes, S35.32 heating, F14.6
blast, R16.3 design equations, S35.3 monthly design conditions, F14.3
central plants, A47.4; S12.1, 7 draft, S35.1 precipitation, F14.3
centrifugal available, S35.1, 3 return period of extremes, F14.7
air-cooled, S43.12 theoretical, S35.2, 3 uncertainties in design data, F14.13
controls, S43.11 fireplace, S35.1, 20 Clothing
equipment, S43.7 flue gas, S35.1 insulation, clo units, F9.8
fouling, S43.10 functions, S35.2 moisture permeability, F9.8
free cooling, S43.12 gas, appliance venting, S35.18 CLTD/CLF. See Cooling load temperature
hot-gas bypass, S43.10 masonry, S35.18, 20 differential method with solar cooling load
maintenance, S43.12 materials, S35.26 factors (CLTD/CLF)
purge units, S43.11 standards, S35.27 Coal
rating, S43.10 terminations, S35.30 classification, F28.8
refrigerant wind effects, S35.3, 30 handling facilities, A27.6, 9
selection, S43.8 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), A34.6 heating value, F28.9
transfer units, S43.11 Chocolate, R42.1 (See also Candy) stokers, S31.16
selection methods, S43.10 Choking, F3.13 types, F28.8
temperature lift, S43.10 CHP systems. See Combined heat and power Coanda effect, A33.6; F20.2, 6; S20.2
control, A47.4 (CHP) Codes, F39. (See also Standards)
capacity, S43.3, 14 Cinemas, A5.3 air conditioners, room, S50.4
considerations, S43.11 Claude cycle, R47.8 air distribution, A57.1
regulating, S43.4 Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces boilers, S32.6
safety, S43.4 Clean spaces, A18 building codes, S19.1
costs, S43.3 aerospace, A18.14 chilled-beam system, A57.18
direct expansion, R1.26; S43.1 air filters, A18.3, 9, 13 chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, S35.32
economizing, S43.1 airflow, A18.3, 5, 13, 14 condensers, S39
expansion turbines, S43.1 applications, A18.2 evaporative, S39.18
flash, S43.1 biomanufacturing, A18.7 water-cooled, S39.7
heat recovery, S43.2 construction, A18.19 coolers, liquid, S42.4
injection, S43.1 contaminant control, A18.3, 9 data processing, A19.16
liquid-chilling systems, S43 cooling, A18.15 dehumidifiers, room, S25.3
liquid heads, S43.3 energy conservation, A18.17 duct construction, S19.1
load distribution, A42.30 fire safety, A18.16 electrical, A56.15
maintenance, S43.5, 12, 15 high-bay, A18.14 furnaces, S33.10
marine water boxes, S43.3 humidity control, A18.16 makeup air units, S28.9
noise generation, A48.15; S43.11 makeup air, A18.15, 18 motors, S45.2
optimization, A47.5 noise control, A18.19 nuclear facilities, A28.12
Composite Index I.7

piping, S46.6 heat recovery Combustion air systems
tall buildings, A4.14 engines, S7.32, 33 air required, S35.25
Coefficient of performance (COP) turbines, S7.37 analysis, F36.33
absorption, F2.14 load profiling, S7.4 burners
compressors, S38.2 maintenance, S7.17 gas, S31.19
economic (ECOP), combined heat and power modular systems, S7.3 oil, S31.11
(CHP), S7.49 packaged systems, S7.3 control, S31.2
refrigeration, F2.3, 14 peak shaving, S7.4 efficiency boilers, S32.5
room air conditioners, S50.2 prime movers industrial exhaust gas cleaning,
Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power fuel cells, S7.22 S30.26
(CHP) selection, S7.4 venting, S35.1
Coils thermal output, S7.32 Combustion turbine inlet cooling (CTIC),
air-cooling, S4.8 turbines S7.20; S8.1
airflow resistance, S23.6 combustion, S7.17, 46 thermal storage; S51.22
applications, S23.1, 4 steam, S7.24, 46 Comfort. (See also Physiological principles,
aqueous glycol coils, S23.2 thermal energy storage, S7.39 humans)
construction and arrangement, S23.1 utilization systems environmental indices, F9.20
control, A47.6; S23.3 air, S7.42 environmental parameters
direct-expansion coils, S23.2 district heating and cooling, S7.43 air velocity, F36.31
fluid flow arrangement, S23.3 hydronic, S7.42 asymmetric thermal radiation, F9.14
heat transfer, S23.6 service hot water, S7.43 draft, F9.14
load determination, S23.14 vibration control, foundations, S7.15 floor temperature, F9.16
maintenance, S23.15 Combustion, F28 radiant temperature, F9.11
performance, S23.7 air pollution, F28.14 vertical air temperature difference, F9.15
rating, S23.6 air required for, F28.10 humidity, F25.16; F36.31; S22.1
refrigerant coils, S23.2 altitude compensation, F28.3 local discomfort, F9.14

selection, S23.5 calculations models
on ships, A13.4 air required for, F28.10 adaptive, F9.20
water coils, S23.2 carbon dioxide, theoretical, F28.11 multisegment, F9.19
air-heating, S27.1 efficiency, F28.13 two-node, F9.18
aqueous glycol, S27.2 flue gas, F28.9 nonuniform conditions, F9.14
construction, S27.1 coals predicted mean vote (PMV), F9.17; F36.31
design, S27.1 classification, F28.9 predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.18
electric, A47.3; S27.3 heating value, F28.9 productivity, F9.13
installation, S27.4 types, F28.8 radiant heating, A54.3
maintenance, S27.5 condensation in, F28.16 special environments
rating, S27.3 continuous, F28.2 extreme cold, F9.27
refrigerant, S27.3 corrosion in, F28.16 hot and humid environments, F9.26
selection, S27.3 diesel fuel, F28.7 infrared heating, F9.23
shipboard, A13.4 efficiency, F28.13 personal environmental control (PEC)
steam, A47.2; S27.1 engine fuels, cetane number, F28.8 systems, F9.25
water, A47.2; S15.6; S27.2 excess air, F28.10 radiant heating, comfort equations, F9.25
condensers, S39 flammability limits F28.1 steady-state energy balance, F9.17
evaporative, S39.15 flue gas, F28.1, 2, 9, 15, 16 multisegment models, F9.19
dehumidifying, S23.1 fuel oils, F28.6 two-node model, F9.18
desuperheating, S39.17 gaseous fuels task performance, F9.13
energy recovery loops, S26.12 illuminants, F28.10 thermal sensation scale, F9.12
halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.27 liquefied petroleum gas, F28.5 zones, F9.20; F10.17
heat and mass transfer, simultaneous, natural gas, F28.5 Commercial and public buildings, A3.1
F1.12 types and properties, F28.5 air leakage, F16.25
heat reclaim, S27.3 gas turbine fuel, F28.7 airports, A3.6
preheat, S4.8 heating value, F28.3 burners
reheat, S4.8; S27.2 ignition temperature, F28.2 gas, S31.3, 6
Colburns analogy, F1.17 illuminants, F28.10 oil, S31.12
Colebrook equation liquid fuels, F28.6 bus terminals, A3.6
friction factor, F21.6 engines, F28.7 central cooling systems, A42.1
pressure drop, F22.1 noise, F28.17 cruise terminals, A3.6
Collectors, solar, A35.6, 11, 23, 25; S37.3 oscillation, F28.17 design concepts, A3.3
(See also Solar energy) pollution, F28.14 ducts, S19
Colleges and universities, A7.11 principles, F28.1 furnaces, S33.5
Combined heat and power (CHP), S7 pulse, F28.2 general design considerations, A3.1
economic feasibility, S7.48 reactions, F28.1 humidifiers, S22.6
estimate, S7.49 resonance, F28.17 ice rinks, R44
load duration curve, S7.50 solid fuels, F28.8 kitchen ventilation, A33.1
simulation, S7.52 soot, F28.17 load characteristics, A3.2
electrical systems, S7.43 sound, F28.17 malls, A2.6
expansion engines/turbines, S7.31 stoichiometric, F28.1 materials, S19.8
heat-activated chillers, S7.38 types, F28.1 office buildings, A3.1

retail facilities, A2.1 walls, F13.7 water treatment, A49.11
service water heating, A50.13 considerations, F13.9 Condensation
transportation centers, A3.6 grids, F13.4 in building components, F25.16
warehouses, A3.8 mathematical approaches, F13.1 in combustion systems, F28.16
Commissioning, A43 meshing, F13.4 concealed, S22.3
acceptance, A43.7 reporting, F13.9, 13 control, with insulation, F23.3
basis of design (BOD), A43.2, 5 steps, F13.9 dew-point analysis, F25.15
certification, A43.12 turbulence modeling, F13.3 dropwise, F1.10
checklist, A43.2, 8 validation, F13.9, 10 energy recovery equipment, S26.7
construction, A43.6 verification, F13.9 film, F1.10
control systems, F7.18 viscosity modeling, F13.10 heat transfer coefficients, F1.11
costs, A43.11 Computer-aided design (CAD), A18.5; A40.14 interstitial, and drying, F25.15
desiccant dehumidifiers, S24.8 Computers, A40 noncondensable gases, F1.12
design, A43.5; A47.21 abbreviations for programming, F37.1 with oil, F1.13
design review, A43.7 BACnet, A40.18; F7.18 oil-fired appliances, S35.19
existing buildings, A43.1, 11 building automation systems (BAS), A40.17 prevention, dehumidification for, S24.9
in integrated building design, A58.8 computational fluid dynamics, A15.3; A40.14; surface, F25.2, 15
issues log, A43.8 A53.14 in tubes, F1.10
laboratories, A16.20 computer-aided design (CAD), A18.5; A40.14 visible, S22.3
makeup air units, S28.9 for control, F7.4, 10, 20 Condensers, S39
new construction, A43.1 design tools air conditioners, room, S50.2
objectives, A43.2 acoustic calculations, A40.11 air-cooled, R15.16; S39.8, 11
occupancy and operations, A43.10 building information modeling (BIM), control, S39.10
owners project requirements (OPR), A43.2 A40.15 installation, S39.13
predesign, A43.4 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.52 machine room, R15.17
pumps, centrifugal, S44.15 computational fluid dynamics, A40.14 maintenance, S39.13

recommissioning, A43.1, 11 computer-aided design (CAD), A40.14 noise, R15.18
retrocommissioning, A43.1, 11 duct design, A40.10 rating, S39.11
systems manual, A43.2, 6, 10 equipment selection and simulation, A40.12 remote from compressor, R15.17
team, A43.3 load calculations, A40.9 types, S39.8
test procedures, A43.8 piping design, A40.11 ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.2
Compressors, S38 refrigerant properties, A40.16 horizontal shell-and-tube, R2.16
air conditioners, room, S50.2 smoke control analysis, A53.12, 13 parallel horizontal shell-and-tube, R2.16
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.2 ventilation, A40.17 piping, R2.15
bearings road tunnel, A15.3 cascade, R5.1
centrifugal, S38.36 equipment, A40.12 chemical industry refrigeration, R46.6
reciprocating, S38.7, 10 graphics, A40.14 in chillers, S43.5, 8, 13
rotary, S38.13 hardware, A40.1 evaporative, R15.17; S39.14
scroll, S38.24 HVAC simulation, A40.13 airflow, S39.15
single-screw, S38.14 Internet, A40.7 capacity control, S39.18
twin-screw, S38.20 modeling, F7.20 codes, S39.18
centrifugal, S7.45; S38.27 monitoring and control, A40.17 coils, S39.15
chemical industry refrigeration, R46.6 networking components, A40.5 freeze prevention, S39.16
drives, R2.2 peripherals, A40.5 heat transfer, S39.14
dynamic, S38.1 smoke control analysis, A53.12, 13 liquid subcoolers, S39.17
engine-driven, S7.45 software, A40.2 location, R2.17; S39.16
halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.24 antispyware, A40.2 maintenance, S39.18
heat pump systems, S9.6 custom programming, A40.4 multicircuiting with liquid coolers, S39.17
motors, S38.6; S45.4 development tools, A40.4 multiple-condenser installations, S39.16
noise generation, A48.15; S38.5, 23, 34 energy analysis, F19.3 purging, S39.18
operation and maintenance, S38.36 firewall, A40.2 rating, S39.16
orbital, S38.24 graphics, A40.3 standards, S39.18
positive-displacement, S38.2 HVAC, A40.9 water, S39.18
reciprocating, R1.34; R2.11; S7.44; S38.7 readymade, A40.4 halocarbon refrigeration systems
rotary, R2.12; S38.11 road tunnel, A15.3 air-cooled, R1.33
screw, R2.14; S7.45 terminology, A40.2 evaporative, R1.32
single, S38.14 utilities, A40.2, 16 piping, R1.23
twin, S38.19 supervisory control, A40.17 pressure control, R1.32
scroll, S38.24 World Wide Web, A40.8 water, R1.32
trochoidal (Wankel), S38.26 Concert halls, A5.4 retail food store refrigeration, R15.16
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F13.1 Concrete water-cooled, S39.1
assessing predictions, F13.11 cooling, R45.1 codes, S39.7
boundary conditions for pozzolanic admixtures, R45.1 Darcy-Weisbach equation, S39.4
inlet, F13.6 selection, R45.1 fouling factor, S39.4
outlet, F13.7 thermal design, R45.4 heat removal, S14.1; S39.1
reporting, F13.13 water heating for, A50.24 heat transfer, S39.2
sources/sinks, F13.8 Condensate liquid subcooling, S39.5
surfaces, F13.7, F13.8 steam systems, F22.14; S11.6; S12.11, 24 maintenance, S39.7
Composite Index I.9

noncondensable gases, S39.6 combustion, F28.14 economizers, A47.2, 10
pressure drop, S39.4 dusts, F11.18; S29.1 electric heating slabs, S6.19
standards, S39.7 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), F11.2 energy recovery equipment, S26.7, 10
types, S39.5 fine, F11.3 engines, S7.15
water circuiting, S39.5 fogs, F11.1, 4 fans, A47.7; S21.11
Conductance, thermal, F1.3; F25.1 fumes, F11.1 air volume, S45.11
Conduction measurement, F36.34 fire, A53.1
display cases, R15.4 mists, F11.1, 4 fixed-guideway vehicle air conditioning, A11.8
steady-state, F1.3 pollen, F11.6 fundamentals, F7
thermal, F1.1, 3 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), furnaces, S33.2, 5
Conductivity, thermal, F25.1; F26.1 F10.6 gaseous contaminants, A46.1
apparent, F25.1; F26.1 radioactive, F11.19 heaters, S34.2, 4
of thermal insulation, F26.1 size distribution, F11.4 infrared, S16.4
foods, R19.9 smogs, F11.1, 4 heating coils, A47.2
soils, F26.18 smokes, F11.1 heat pumps; S49.10
Constant air volume (CAV) suspended particles, counters, F11.6 heat recovery systems, S9.18
control, A42.1 synthetic vitreous fibers, F10.5 heat timers, S11.13
supply air temperature reset, A42.36 ultrafine, F11.3 humidifiers, S22.9
versus variable-air-volume (VAV), A16.12 refrigerant systems, R7.1 humidity, A47.12; S22.1; S24.1
Constant-volume, all-air systems dirt, R7.6 hydronic heating systems; S13.13; S15.6
dual-duct, S4.12 field assembly, R7.8 justice facilities, A9.3
single-duct, S4.10 filter-driers, R7.6 laboratory systems, A16.12
terminal units, S4.15 generation by high temperature, R6.9 liquid chillers, S43.3, 7, 11, 14
Construction. (See also Building envelopes) lubricants, R7.7 low-temperature, R2.7
curtain wall, F15.5 metallic, R7.6 makeup air units, A47.16; S28.9
glass block wall, F15.27 moisture, R7.1 motors, S45.5, 6

in integrated building design, A58.7, 8 motor burnout, R7.8, 8 protection, S45.6
Containers. (See also Cargo containers) noncondensable gases, R7.7 nuclear facilities, A28.5
air transport, R0.3 residual cleaning agents, R7.7 optimization, A42.1
marine transport, R26.2 sludge, tars, and wax, R 7.7 outdoor air quantity, A47.9
Contaminants solvents, R7.7 paper moisture content, A20.2
clean spaces, A18.3, 9 special system characteristics, R7.9 parking garage ventilation, A15.20
food, R22.1 textile processing, A21.7 photographic materials processing, A22.3
gaseous Continuity, fluid dynamics, F3.2 pipe-tracing systems, A51.20
combustion, F28.14; S30.26 Control. (See also Controls, automatic; plant growth chambers, A24.17
concentration, indoor, measurement, A46.4 Supervisory control) processes, A46.6
control, A46.6; S24.10; S30.17, 23, 26 absorption units, R18.6, 9 radiant panels, A47.4; S6.19
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), F11.2 aircraft cabin pressure, A12.11, 13 radioactivity, A28.8
flammable, F11.18 air-handling systems, A42.35; A47.9 rail car air conditioning, A11.7
indoor air, F11.16 all-air systems, S4.17 refrigerant flow, R11.1
industrial, F11.15 authority, F7.7 residential heating and cooling, A1.6
inorganic, F11.14 automobile air conditioning, A10.8 road tunnel ventilation, A15.11
measurement, A46.4; F11.11; F36.33 biological growth, A49.5 scale, A49.4
microbial volatile organic compounds boilers, A47.1; S32.7 ship air conditioning
(MVOCs), F10.7 building pressurization, A47.8 merchant, A13.3
nuclear facilities, A28.3, 5, 8 burners, S31.19 naval surface, A13.4
outdoor air, F11.15 bus terminal ventilation, A15.26 smoke, A53.1
ozone, A46.13 central air conditioning, A42.1 snow-melting systems, A51.10
polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), chemical plants, R46.3 solar energy, A35.12, 24, 26; S37.17
F10.6 chilled-water pumps, A42.12, 25, 27 differential temperature controller, S37.17
radioactive, F11.19 chillers, A42.29 hot-water dump, S37.18
radon, A46.13; F10.22 combustion turbines, S7.22 overtemperature protection, S37.18
semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), components, F7.4 sound, A48.1, 49; F8.15
F10.4, 12, F11.14 condensers static pressure, and variable flow rates, A47.8
soil gases, F11.20 air-cooled, S39.10 steam systems, S11.13
vapors, flammable, F11.18 evaporative, S39.18 thermal storage systems; A42.38; S51.28
volatile organic compounds (VOC), F11.13 cooling, S6.19 unit heaters, S28.6
total (TVOC), F11.13 coils, A47.6; S23.3 unit ventilators, A47.15; S28.3
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), tower fans, A42.21, 25 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A42.1;
F10.10, 11 towers, A47.5 A47.7
indoor, concentration prediction, F13.16 corrosion, A49.2, 9 vibration, A48.41
organism destruction, R22.4 dehumidifying coils, S23.3 zone systems, A47.17
particulate design principles zone valves, S11.13
aerosols, S29.1 controlled area size, A47.20 Controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage
asbestos, F10.5 energy conservation, A47.19 apples, R35.3
classification, F11.1 load matching, A47.20 apricots, R35.13
coarse, F11.3 sensor location, A47.21 berries, R35.13
collection mechanisms, S29.2; S30.10, 15 system selection, A47.20 cherries, sweet, R35.12

figs, R35.13 free, F1.19 chilled water, R45.1
grapes, R35.8 mass, F1.5 embedded coils, R45.1
nectarines, R35.12 natural, F1.19; F1.1 inundation, R45.2
peaches, R35.12 steam heating systems, S11.11 passive, R45.4
pears, R35.6, 7 thermal, F1.1 controls, S6.19
plums, R35.11 Convectors foods and beverages, time calculations, R20.1
refrigerated facilities, R23.3 application, S36.5 fruits and vegetables
strawberries, R35.13 design effects, S36.3 evaporative, R28.8
vegetables, R37.6 heat-distributing unit, S36.1 forced-air, R28.6
Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and nonstandard condition corrections, S36.3 hydrocooling, R28.3
plant growth, A24.16 rating, S36.2 load calculation, R28.1
Controls, automatic, F7. (See also Control) Convention centers, A5.5 package icing, R28.8
actuators, F7.4 Conversion factors, F38 vacuum cooling, R28.9
authority, F7.7 Coolants, secondary geothermal energy systems, A34.9
classification, F7.4 brines greenhouses, A24.12
closed loop (feedback), F7.1 corrosion inhibition, A49.10; F31.4 radiant panel systems, S6.1
commissioning, F7.18 properties, F31.1 radiative, A35.17
components calcium chloride solutions, F31.1 solar energy systems, A35.15, 18, 26
controlled devices, F7.4 d-limonene, F31.13 water systems, S13.1, 17, 18
controllers, A38.16; F7.10, 19 ethyl alcohol solutions, F31.1 dynamometers, A17.4
sensors, F7.8 halocarbons, F31.12 Cooling load
transducers, electronic-to-pneumatic (E/P), inhibited glycols calculations, F17; F18
F7.12 corrosion inhibition, F31.11 central plant, S3.2
computers, A40.17; F7.4 ethylene glycol, F31.4 coil, F18.2
control action types, F7.2, 3, 18 propylene glycol, F31.4 cooling load temperature differential method
dampers, F7.6 service considerations, F31.11 with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF),
actuator mounting, F7.8 low-temperature refrigeration, R48.10 F18.49
actuators, F7.8 nonhalocarbon nonaqueous fluids, F31.13 nonresidential, F18
types, F7.6 polydimethylsiloxane, F31.13 conduction transfer functions, F18.18
direct digital (DDC), A38.16; F7.4, 10, 19 potassium formate solutions, F31.1 heat balance (HB) method, F18.2, 14
explosive atmospheres, A47.18 refrigeration systems, R13.1 heat gain
extraordinary incidents, A47.19 sodium chloride solutions, F31.1 fenestration, F18.14
feedback (closed loop), F7.1 sodium nitrate and nitrite solutions, F31.1 infiltration, F18.12
fuzzy logic, F7.3 Coolers. (See also Refrigerators) internal, F18.3
mobile applications, A47.18 beverage, R39.11 latent, 18.13
modeling, F19.21 cryocoolers, R47.11 heat sources, F18.3
modulating, F7.2 forced-circulation air, R14.1 radiant time series (RTS) method, F18.2, 20
open loop, F7.1 installation and operation, R14.6 sol-air temperature, F18.22
positive positioners, F7.8 liquid (See also Evaporators) system effects, F18.32
proportional/integral (PI), F7.3 Baudelot, S42.2 total equivalent temperature differential
proportional-integral-derivative (PID), F7.3 brazed (semiwelded) plate, S42.1 method with time averaging (TETD/TA),
proportional-only (P), F7.3 in chillers, S43.6, 7, 8, 13 F18.49
refrigerant flow, R11.1 evaporative, with evaporative condensers, transfer function method (TFM), F18.49
safety, A47.18 S39.17 residential, F17
sensors, F7.8; R11.4 flooded, S42.1 heat balance (RHB) method, F17.2
location, A47.21 freeze prevention, S42.5 load factor (RLF) method, F17.2
static pressure, A47.8 heat transfer, S42 space, F18.2
switches, R11.1 coefficients, S42.3 Cooling load temperature differential method
systems, F7.1 fouling factor, S42.4 with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF),
terminology, F7.1 maintenance, S42.6 F18.49
testing, A38.16 oil return, S42.6 Cooling towers, S40
thermostats, F7.11 piping, R1.25, 26 approach to wet bulb, S40.1
transducers, pressure, R11.4 pressure drop, S42.4 capacity control, S40.2
transmitters, F7.8 refrigerant flow control, S42.5 airflow, A42.22
tuning, F7.3, 18, 19 residential, A1.5 fan cycling, S40.11
two-position, F7.2 shell-and-tube, S42.1 fan sequencing, A42.21
valves, F7.4 tube-in-tube, S42.1 flow modulation, A42.14
actuators, F7.6 vessel design requirements, S42.4 two-speed fans, S40.11
flow characteristics, F7.5 retail food store, R15.1 variable-frequency fan drives, S40.11
selection and sizing, F7.5, 6 walk-in, R15.12; R16.3 variable- vs. fixed-speed fans, A42.14
Convection water, R39.11 construction materials, S40.9
flow, fully developed turbulent, F1.17 Cooling. (See also Air conditioning) design conditions, S40.2
forced, F1.17 absorption equipment, R18.1 drift, S40.14
condensation in tubes, F1.10 animal environments, A24.4 eliminators, S40.14, 15
evaporation in tubes, F1.5, 7, 11 bakery products, R41.4 economics, S40.10
laminar, F1.17 concrete fill, S40.3
transition region, F1.17 active systems, R45.5 fogging, S40.14
turbulent, F1.17 air blast, R45.2 free cooling, S40.13
Composite Index I.11

freeze protection, S14.3; S40.13 types, A49.2 coiled-tube exchanger, R47.21
heat and mass transfer, simultaneous, F1.12 white rust, A49.4 compressors, R47.20
hybrid, S40.2, 7 Costs. (See also Economics) expansion devices, R47.20
indirect evaporative coolers, S14.4; S41.5 all-air systems, S4.3 heat exchangers, R47.21
inspections, S40.15 analysis period, A37.2 regenerators, R47.22
Legionella pneumophila, S40.15, 16 economic analysis techniques systems, R47.20
maintenance, S40.14 computer analysis, A37.13 turboalternators, R47.21
model, F19.15 inflation, A37.10 turboexpanders, R47.21
number of transfer units (NTU), S40.19 internal rate of return, A37.11 fluids
performance life-cycle cost analyses, A37.9 cold burns, R47.28
curves, S40.17 payback, A37.9 flammability, R47.29
monitoring, S40.15 present value (worth), A37.10 storage vessels, R47.26
thermal, S40.18 savings-to-investment ratio (SIR), A37.11 transfer, R47.27
tower coefficients, S40.21 energy, A37.4, 9 freezers, industrial, R29.5
piping, S14.2; S40.11 financing alternatives, A37.8 Gifford-McMahon cycle, R47.15
plumes, S40.14 inflation, A37.10 hazards, R47.28
principle of operation, S40.1 interest and discount rate, A37.4 Heylandt cycle, R47.8
recommissioning, A49.8 laboratory systems, A16.20 instrumentation, R47.27
selection, S40.10 life-cycle, A37.12 insulation
shutdown, A49.9 energy recovery equipment, S26.12 low-temperature, R47.23
siting, S40.10 operation and maintenance, A39.1 selection (table), R47.26
sound, attenuators, S40.14 piping insulation, S12.22 thermal conductivity (table), R47.24
start-up, A49.8 maintenance, A37.7 isenthalpic expansion, R47.6
testing, A38.15; S40.18 operating isentropic expansion, R47.7
theory, S40.18 actual, A37.4 Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6
counterflow integration, S40.20 electrical energy, A37.5 Kleemenko cycle, R47.13

cross-flow integration, S40.20 natural gas, A37.6 Linde cycle, R47.6
heat and mass transfer, S40.18 other fuels, A37.6 liquefaction
types, S3.5 snow-melting systems, A51.8, 10 balanced flow condition, R47.6
direct contact, S40.2, 5 owning of gases, R47.6
hybrid, S40.2 initial cost, A37.1 liquid-level sensors, R47.27
indirect contact, S40.2, 7 insurance, A37.4 mixed refrigerant cycle, R47.8
open systems, S14.1 taxes, A37.4 natural gas processing, R47.19
water treatment, A49.4, 8, 9; S14.3; S40.16 periodic, A37.4 orifice pulse tube refrigerators, R47.14
winter operation, S40.13 refrigerant phaseout, A37.8 properties
inspections, S40.16 Cotton, drying, A25.8 electrical, R47.5
Cool storage, S51.1 Courthouses, A9.4 magnetic, R47.5
COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP) Courtrooms, A9.5 mechanical, R47.6
Corn, drying, A25.1 CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride thermal, R47.3
Correctional facilities. See Justice facilities (CPVC) purification of gases, R47.19
Corrosion Crawlspaces recovery of gases, R47.17, 18
brines, F31.4 heat loss, F17.11 separation of gases, Gibbs phase rule,
in combustion systems, F28.16 insulation, A44.11 R47.16
concentration cell corrosion, A49.2 vented vs. unvented, A44.11 staging, R47.15
contributing factors, A49.2 wall insulation, A44.11 Stirling cycle, R47.14
control, A49.2, 3, 9 Critical spaces storage systems, R47.26
in boilers, A49.10 forensic labs, A9.7 transfer systems, R47.27
cathodic protection, A49.4 justice facilities, A9.4 Curtain walls, F15.5
buried pipe, S12.29 Crops. See Farm crops Cycloparaffins, R12.3
in cooling towers, A49.4 Cruise terminals, A3.6 Dairy products, R33
cycles of concentration, A49.3 Cryogenics, R47 aseptic packaging, R33.20
in geothermal energy systems, A34.6 biomedical applications butter
inhibitors, A49.3 cryomicroscopy, R49.6 manufacture, R33.6
materials selection, A49.3 cryopreservation, R49.1 refrigeration load, R33.9
passivation, A49.4 cryoprotective agents, R49.2 buttermilk, R33.5
protective coatings, A49.3 cryosurgery, R49.7 cheese
in steam and condensate systems, A49.11 induced hypothermia, R49.7 cheese room refrigeration, R33.12
energy recovery equipment, S26.7 refrigeration, R49.1 manufacture, R33.10
galvanized metals, F31.11 specimen preparation, R49.6 cream, R33.5
glycol degradation, F31.11 Brayton cycle, R47.11 display refrigerators, R15.6
inhibited glycols, F31.11 cascade cycle, R47.8 ice cream
under insulation, F23.8; R10.2 Claude cycle, R47.8 freezing, R33.16
of insulation jacketing, R10.7 cryobiological, R49.8 hardening, R33.17
microorganism influence, A49.2, 5 cryocoolers milkfat content, R33.13
oil-fired appliances, S35.20 recuperative, R47.11 mix preparation, R33.14
oxygen corrosion, A49.2, 11 regenerative, R47.14 refrigeration, R33.16, 19
secondary coolant systems, R13.5 cryopumping, R47.1 milk
service water systems, A50.9 equipment dry, R33.22

evaporated, R33.21 residential, A1.5 Diffusivity
fresh, R33.1 Dehumidifiers thermal, of foods, R19.17
sweetened condensed, R33.22 dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS), water vapor, F25.2
thermal properties, R19.1 S18.2, 7; S25.4 Dilution
UHT sterilization, R33.19 desiccant, S24 exhaust, F24.11
yogurt, R33.5 capacity, S24.2 smoke, A53.4
Dampers commissioning, S24.8 ventilation, A31.2; A46.6
air outlet, 20, S20.4, 6, 7 high-pressure, S24.10 Dining halls, in justice facilities, A9.4
controls, automatic, F7.6, 7 liquid, S24.3 DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR)
fire and smoke control, A53.8 operation, S24.7 Direct digital control (DDC), F7.4, 10
furnaces, S33.2, 9 rotary solid, S24.4 Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence
opposed-blade, S4.6; S20.4, 7 solid, S24.4 modeling, F13.4; F24.10
outdoor air, A47.9 ice rinks, S25.7 Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, radio-
parallel-blade, S4.7; S20.4, 7 indoor swimming pool, S25.5 logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
return air, S4.7 industrial, S25.7 Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F3.9
sound control, A48.13 installation, S25.8 Dispersive infrared (DIR), F7.9
splitter, S20.7 mechanical, S25.1 Display cases, R15.1, 4
vehicular facilities, enclosed, A15.34 components, S25.1 District energy (DE), S12.1
vent, S35.28 psychrometrics, S25.1 costs, S12.2
Dams, concrete cooling, R45.1 types, S25.2 economics, S12.3
Darcy equation, F21.6 service, S25.8 final design, S12.3
Darcy-Weisbach equation wraparound heat exchangers, S25.8 financial feasibility, S12.3
ductwork sectional losses, F21.11 Dehydration flow control, S12.34
pressure drop, F3.6; F22.1 farm crops, A25.1 metering, S12.38
water-cooled condensers, S39.4 industrial systems for, A30.1 utility rates, S12.2
water systems, S44.5 of eggs, R34.11 District heating and cooling (DHC), S12
Data-driven modeling refrigeration systems, R8.1 applicability, S12.1
black-box, F19.22 Density central plants
calibrated simulation, F19.22 fluids, F3.1 boiler, S12.7
empirical, F19.22 modeling, R19.6 chiller, A47.4; S12.1, 7
examples, F19.27 Dental facilities, A8.15 distribution design, S12.9
gray-box, F19.23 Desiccants, F32.1; S24.1 emission control, S12.8
neural network, F19.28 adsorption, S24.1 equipment, S12.5
steady-state, F19.23 cosorption of water vapor and air contaminants, heating medium, S12.5
Data processing areas F32.5 thermal storage, S12.8
air-conditioning systems, A19.1 dehumidification, S24.1 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43
humidification, S22.1 glycols, S24.2 components, S12.1
codes, standards, and guidelines, A19.16 isotherms, F32.5 consumer interconnections
design criteria, A19.1 life, F32.5 chilled water, S12.7, 24, 37
Daylighting liquid, S24.2, 3 components, S12.33
interior building illumination, F15.50 lithium chloride, S24.2 direct connection, S12.32
light transmittance, F15.51 materials, F32.1 energy transfer station, S12.32
solar radiation, F15.1 refrigerant systems, R7.5 flow control, S12.34
DDC. See Direct digital control (DDC) equilibrium curves, R7.4 hot water, S12.36
Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS), S4.13; moisture, R7.3 indirect, with heat exchangers, S12.33
S18.2, 7; S25.4 types steam, S12.24, 35
Defrosting liquid absorbents, F32.3 temperature differential control, S12.38
air coolers, forced-circulation, R14.4 solid adsorbents, F32.4 costs, A37.9
air-source heat pump coils, S9.7, 8; S49.9 wheel, S24.5 distribution system
ammonia liquid recirculation systems, R2.22 Design-day climatic data, F14.12 aboveground systems, S12.23, 24
household refrigerators and freezers, R17.5 Desorption isotherm, F26.19 condensate drainage and return,
meat coolers, R30.2 Desuperheaters S12.11, 24
retail food store refrigerators, R15.19 air conditioners, unitary, S49.4 conduits, S12.27, 29
Degree-days, F14.12 in ammonia refrigeration, R2.3 constant-flow, S12.9
Dehumidification, A47.12; S24 condensers, evaporative, S39.17 construction, S12.23
absorption, S24.10 heat pumps, unitary, S49.4 entry pits, S12.30
adsorption, S24.11 Dew-point hydraulic design, S12.10
air washers, S41.8 analysis, F27.8 insulation, pipe, S12.12, 22, 26
all-air systems, S4.6 method, F25.15 pipe, S12.11
desiccant, S24.1 Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R47.5 thermal design conditions, S12.12
applications, S24.1, 8 Diesel fuel, F28.8 underground systems, S12.25
capacity, S24.2 Diffusers, air, sound control, A48.12 valve vaults, S12.30
equipment, S24.3 Diffusion variable-flow, S12.9
high-pressure, S24.10 coefficient, F1.2 water hammer, S12.10
liquid, F32.3 eddy, F1.7 economics, S12.2
solid, F32.4 moisture flow, F25.12 geothermal heating systems, A34.8
evaporative cooling, A52.2; S41.8 molecular, F1.1 heating conversion to, S12.37
performance factor, S41.8 space air, F20.1 heat transfer analysis, S12.13

ground to air, S12.14 Duct design rectangular, F21.9; S19.6, 8
pipes, S12.20 air leakage, F21.15 residential, S19.6. (See also Residential
single buried pipe, S12.15 balancing dampers, F21.21 systems)
soil temperature calculation, S12.14 all-air systems, S4.10 road tunnels, A15.10
two pipes buried, S12.18 Bernoulli equation, F21.1 roughness factors, F21.6
metering, S12.38 commercial, small applications, S10.8 round, S19.7, 8
pressure losses, S12.11 computer analysis, A40.10 security concerns, A59.11
thermal storage; S12.8; S51.7, 21 Darcy equation, F21.6 seismic, S19.10
water systems, S12.1 Darcy-Weisbach equation, F21.10 ships, A13.3
d-limonene, F31.13 duct fitting database, F21.10 sound
DNS. See Direct numerical simulation dynamic losses attenuation, A48.18
(DNS) duct fitting database, F21.10 control, F8.13
Doors local loss coefficients, F21.8 underground, S19.10
air exchange, F16.26 fan-system interface, F21.12 velocity measurement in, F36.18
U-factors, F27.7 friction losses, F21.6 vibration control, A48.51
Dormitories industrial exhaust systems, S30.27 welding sheet metal, S19.10
air conditioning, A6.8 methods, F21.20 Dust mites, F25.17
design criteria, A6.1 noise, F21.17 Dusts, S29.1
energy systems, A6.1 pressure, F21.2 synthetic, S29.2
load characteristics, A6.1 procedures, F21.21 Dynamometers, A17.1
service water heating, A50.14, 18, 20 residential, S10.7 Earth, stabilization, R45.3, 4
Draft roughness factors, F21.6 Earthquakes, seismic-resistant design,
burners, S31.1, 14 stack effect, F21.2 A55.1
chimney, S35.1 testing, adjusting, and balancing, F21.18 Economic analysis, A37
comfort affected by, F9.14 Ducts computer analysis, A37.13
cooling towers, S40.4, 4 acoustical lining, A48.21; S19.7 inflation, A37.10

Drag, in fluid flow, F3.5 in hospitals, A8.13 internal rate of return, A37.11
Driers, R7.6. (See also Dryers) air dispersion (fabric) systems, S19.6 life-cycle cost analyses, A37.9
Drip station, steam systems, S12.11 airflow measurement in, A38.2 payback, A37.9
Dryers. (See also Driers) antimicrobial, S19.8 improved, A37.10
commercial and industrial classifications (pressure), S19.1 simple, A37.9
adsorption, S24.11, 11 cleaning, S19.1 present value (worth), A37.10
agitated-bed, A30.6 commercial, S19.6. (See also Commercial and savings-to-investment ratio (SIR), A37.11
calculations, A30.2 public buildings) Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP),
conduction, A30.3 construction S7.49
constant-moisture solvent, A30.7 codes, S19.1 Economics. (See also Costs)
convection, A30.4 commercial, S19.6 district heating and cooling, S12.2
dielectric, A30.4 industrial, S19.8 energy management planning, A36.1
drying time determination, A30.2 kitchen exhaust, S19.9 evaporative cooling, A52.16, 18
flash, A30.6 master specifications, S19.11 indoor gaseous contaminant control, A46.14
fluidized-bed, A30.6 outdoor ducts, S19.10 insulation thickness, pipe, S12.22
freeze drying, A30.6 residential, S19.6 laboratory systems, A16.20
mechanism, A30.1 seismic qualification, S19.10 owning and operating costs, A37.1
microwave, A30.4 sheet metal welding, S19.11 Economizers
psychrometrics, A30.1 standards, S19.1, 6, 8 air-side, F16.19
radiant infrared, A30.3 thermal insulation, S19.11 compressors, single-screw, S38.16
selection, A30.3 underground, S19.10 control, A42.35
superheated vapor, A30.6 desiccant dehumidifiers, S24.7 humidification load calculation, S22.4
tunnel, A30.5 efficiency testing, S10.9 kitchen ventilation, A33.3
ultraviolet (UV), A30.3 fibrous glass, S19.7 water-side, S2.3
vacuum drying, A30.6 flat oval, F21.8; S19.7 ECOP. See Economic coefficient of
desiccant, high-pressure, S24.10, 11 flexible, F21.6; S19.7 performance (ECOP)
farm crops, A25.1 fluid flow, F3.1 ECS. See Environmental control system (ECS)
Drying forced-air systems, small, S10.2, 7 Eddy diffusivity, F1.7
air, S24.11 friction chart, F21.6 Educational facilities, A7
desiccant, high-pressure, S24.10, 11 grease systems, S19.9 air conditioning, A7.1
dew-point control, S24.11 industrial, S19.1. (See also Industrial service water heating, A50.22
farm crops, A25.1 applications) EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
gases, S24.11 industrial exhaust systems, A32.6 Effectiveness, heat transfer, F1.21
DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW) insulation, F23.16 Effective radiant flux (ERF), A54.2
system insulation, thermal, S19.10 Efficiency
Dual-duct systems leakage, system, S19.2. (See also Leakage, air conditioners
all-air systems, S4.12 HVAC air systems) room, S50.2
control, A47.17 moisture-laden vapor systems, S19.9 unitary, S49.5
terminal boxes, A47.15 noise in, A48.12 boilers, S32.5
testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.4 noncircular, F21.7 combustion, F28.13
Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S13.1 outdoor, S19.4 compressors
DuBois equation, F9.3 plastic, rigid, S19.9 centrifugal, S38.32

positive-displacement, S38.3 kitchen ventilation, A33.1 renewable, F35.2
reciprocating, S38.8, 9 pumps, centrifugal, S44.15 resources, F34; F35.2
rotary, S38.12 refrigerators commercial, R16.7 demand-side management (DSM), F34.3
scroll, S38.26 temperature and ventilation control, A47.19 electricity, F34.1
single-screw, S38.18 textile processing, A21.7 fossil fuel, F34.1
fins, F1.6 thermal insulation, F23.1 integrated resource planning (IRP), F34.3
furnaces, 9 consumption nonrenewable, F34.1
heat pumps, unitary, S49.5 benchmarking, A36.6 renewable, F34.1
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.3 building HVAC, control effect on, A42.13 United States, F34.7
infrared heaters, S16.3 emergency reduction, A36.15 world, F34.4
motors, S45.2 gaseous contaminant control, A46.14 savings verification, A41.2
pumps, centrifugal, S44.7 humidifiers, S22.3 self-imposed budgets, F35.6
refrigerating, F2.3 United States, F34.7 wheels, S26.9
Eggs, R34 world, F34.5 Energy efficiency ratio (EER), S50.1
composition, R34.1 costs, A37.4 Energy savings performance contracting
dehydration, R34.11 efficiency (ESPC), A37.8
processing plant sanitation, R34.13 in commercial and food service refrigerators, Energy transfer station, S12.32
products, R34.9 R16.7 Engines, S7
shell eggs energy efficiency ratio (EER), S50.2 air systems, compressed, S7.13
packaging, R34.8 and humidity, F25.17 applications
processing, R34.5 emergency use reduction, A36.15 centrifugal compressors, S7.45
refrigeration, R34.5 estimating, F19 heat pumps, S7.45
spoilage prevention, R34.4 analysis, F19.3 reciprocating compressors, S7.44
storage, R34.8 balance point temperature, F19.16 screw compressors, S7.45
structure, R34.1 correlation, F19.20 continuous-duty standby, S7.4
transportation, R34.8 degree-day methods, F19.16 controls and instruments, S7.15

storage, R34.1 forecasting, A42.40 exhaust systems, S7.13
thermal properties, R19.1 general considerations, F19.1 expansion engines, S7.31
EIFS. See Exterior insulation finishing system integration of systems, F19.21 fuels, F28.7
(EIFS) models, F19.1 cetane number, F28.8
Electricity seasonal efficiency of furnaces, F19.18 heating values, S7.11
billing rates, A56.12 simulating, F19.20 selection, S7.10
codes, A56.15 software selection, F19.3 heat recovery
costs, A37.5, 9 field survey audit, A38.17 exhaust gas, S7.35
generation, on-site, A37.9 forecasting building needs, A42.40 jacket water, S7.33
imbalance, S45.1 management, A36 lubricant, S7.34
measurement, F36.26 cost control, A36.10, 11 reciprocating, S7.33
motor starting, A56.5; S45.7 emergency energy use reduction, A36.15 turbocharger, S7.34
performance, A56.1 energy audits, A36.6 heat release, A17.1
power quality variations, A56.6 energy-efficiency measures (EEM), jacket water system, S7.13
principles, A56.2 comparing, A36.11 lubrication, S7.12
safety, A56.1 implementation, A36.15 noise control, S7.15
voltage, A56.1 improving discretionary operations, A36.10 performance, S7.10
Electric thermal storage (ETS), S51.16 resource evaluation, A36.1 reciprocating, S7.9
Electrostatic precipitators, S29.6; S30.7 modeling, F19 vibration control, S7.15
Elevators calculating, F19.4 water-cooled, S7.13
smoke control, A53.11 classical approach, F19.1 Engine test facilities, A17
in tall buildings, A4.2 data-driven approach, F19.2 air conditioning, A17.1
Emissions, pollution, F28.7 data-driven models, F19.2, 22 dynamometers, A17.1
Emissivity, F1.2 forward models, F19.2 exhaust, A17.2
Emittance, thermal, F25.2 general considerations, F19.1 noise levels, A17.4
Enclosed vehicular facilities, A15 in integrated building design, A58.4 ventilation, A17.1, 4
Energy primary system components, F19.11 Enhanced tubes. See Finned-tube heat transfer
audit, A36.6 secondary system components, F19.8 coils
balance system controls, F19.21 Enthalpy
comfort, F9.2, 17 monitoring, A41 calculation, F2.5
refrigeration systems, R5.3 applications, A41.15 definition, F2.2
conservation data, A41.615 foods, R19.7
air conditioners, room, S50.3 design and implementation methodology, water vapor, F1.9
building envelopes, A44.1 A41.6 wheels, S26.9
building supervisory control, A42.1 documentation, A41.7, 15 Entropy, F2.1
clean spaces, A18.17 planning, A41.6, 15 calculation, F2.5
educational facilities, A7.1 quality assurance, A41.6, 15 Environmental control
farm crop drying, A25.3 production, world, F34.4 animals. See Animal environments
greenhouses, A24.15 recovery (See also Heat recovery) humans. See Comfort
hospitals, A8.13 air-to-air, S26; S41.4 plants. See Plant environments
industrial environments, A31.6 in chemical industry, R46.4 retail food stores
infrared heaters, S16.1 industrial environments, A31.6 equipment and control, R15.21

store ambient effect, R15.3 psychrometrics, A52.1, 10, 17, 18 performance under varying load, S5.11
Environmental control system (ECS), A12 staged systems, S20.10
Environmental health, F10 booster refrigeration, A52.8, 17 types, S5.6
biostatistics, F10.3 two-stage (indirect/direct), A52.10, 17; ventilation, S5.6
epidemiology, F10.3 S41.5 wiring, S5.7
exposure, F10.6 water treatment, A49.9; S41.9 Fans, S21
industrial hygiene, F10.3 Legionella pneumophila, S41.9 air conditioners, room, S50.2
microbiology/mycology, F10.3 Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid) all-air systems, S4.4, 6, 9
physical hazards air conditioners, room, S50.2 animal environments, A24.6
electrical hazards, F10.19 ammonia refrigeration systems control, A47.7; S21.11
electromagnetic radiation, F10.22 equipment, R2.2 cooling tower capacity control, A42.21; S40.11
noise, F10.21 piping, R2.18 draft, S35.29
thermal comfort, F10.17 automobile air conditioning, A10.5, 11 fixed- vs. variable-speed, A42.14
vibrations, F10.19 chemical industry refrigeration, R46.7 flow control, S21.11; S45.11
standards, F10.11 halocarbon refrigeration systems, piping, R1.28 furnaces, S33.2
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) liquid overfeed systems, R4.6 industrial exhaust systems, A32.8
contaminants, A46.2 Exfiltration, F16.1 isolation, S21.11
secondhand smoke, F11.18 Exhaust kitchen exhaust, A33.18
sidestream smoke, F10.6 animal buildings, A24.6 laws, S21.4
superheated vapors, F11.2 clean spaces, A18.16, 18 operating principles, S21.1
Equipment vibration, A48.42; F8.17 engines parallel operation, S21.9
ERF. See Effective radiant flux (ERF) heat recovery, S7.35 plenum, S21.1
ESPC. See Energy savings performance installation recommendations, S7.13 plug, S21.1
contracting (ESPC) engine test facilities, A17.2 pressure relationships, S21.6
Ethylene glycol, in hydronic systems, S13.23 industrial environments, A14.8; A32.1 effect of duct system on, S21.7
ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); kitchens, A33.10, A33.31 rating, S21.2
Electric thermal storage (ETS) laboratories, A16.3, 9 selection, A48.10; S21.8
Evaluation. See Testing stack height, A16.13 ships, naval surface, A13.3
Evaporation, in tubes photographic processing areas, A22.3 sound level, A48.8; S21.10
forced convection, F1.5, 7 stacks system effects, S21.8
natural convection, F1.1 buildings, A45.1 testing, S21.2
Evaporative coolers. (See also Refrigerators) design strategies, A45.1 types, S21.1
liquid (See also Evaporators) exhaust dilution prediction equations, unstable operation, A47.9
in chillers, A1.5; S39.17; S43.5, 7, 13 A45.11 variable- vs. fixed-speed, A42.14
Evaporative cooling, A52 exhaust velocity, A45.1 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A15.33
applications industrial exhaust systems, A32.8 Farm crops, drying and storing, A25
air cleaning, A52.2; S41.8 location relative to air intake, A45.2 aeration, A25.3, 9
animal environments, A24.4; A52.13 wake downwash, A45.2 dryeration, A25.3
combustion turbines, S7.20 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A15.37 drying
commercial, A52.9 Exhibit buildings, temporary, A5.8 combination, A25.4
dehumidification, A52.2; S41.8 Exhibit cases, A23.5, 16 corn, A25.1
gas turbines, A52.13 Exhibition centers, A5.5 cotton, A25.8
greenhouses, A24.13; A52.15 smoke management, A53.12 deep-bed, A25.4
humidification, A52.2; S41.7 Expansion joints and devices, S46.10 energy conservation, A25.3
industrial bends, S46.11 equipment, A25.2
air conditioning, A14.7 joints full-bin, A25.4
area cooling, A52.11 district heating and cooling, S12.22 hay, A25.7
process cooling, A52.13 packed, S46.13 layer, A25.5
spot cooling, A52.12 packless, S46.13 peanuts, A25.8
laundries, A52.13 loops, S46.11 rice, A25.9
makeup air pretreatment, S41.6 Expansion tanks, S12.8 shallow-layer, A25.3
motors, A52.12 hydronic systems, S15.3 soybeans, A25.6
power generation facilities, A52.13 closed, S13.4 specific, A25.6
precooling, S41.6 diaphragm, S13.4 microbial growth, A25.1
produce storage, A52.14 expansion chamber, S13.4 recirculation, A25.3
residential, A52.9 functions of, S13.4, 11 storing, A25
wood and paper products facilities, A52.13 open, S13.4 grain aeration, A25.9
cooling towers, S40.1 sizing equations, S13.5 moisture migration, A25.9
direct, A52.1, 2; S41.1 secondary coolant systems, R13.3 Faults, system, reasons for detecting, A39.6
economics, A52.16 solar energy systems, A35.12 f-Chart method, sizing heating and cooling
entering air condition, A52.18 Explosions. See Chemical, biological, radio- systems, A35.20
equipment logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Fenestration. (See also Windows)
indirect, S41.3 Fairs, A5.8 air leakage, F15.49
maintenance, S41.9 Family courts, A9.3. (See also Juvenile area, A44.2
two-stage, S41.5 facilities) attachments, F15.30
exhaust requirement, A52.10 Fan-coil units, S5.6 building envelopes, A44.2; F15.1
heat recovery and, A52.7; S41.5 capacity control, S5.7 codes, F15.58
indirect, A52.1, 2; S41.3 maintenance, S5.7 components, F15.1

condensation resistance, F15.54 Fire safety compressible, F3.13
control of rain entry, A44.10 clean space exhaust systems, A18.16 expansion factor, F3.12
cooling load, F18.14 fire and smoke dampers, A53.8 pressure, F3.12
draperies, F15.32 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.29 continuity, F3.2
durability, F15.57 insulation fire resistance ratings, F23.7 Darcy-Weisbach equation, F3.6
energy flow, F15.3 justice facilities, A9.3, 6 devices, F3.5
energy performance, annual, F15.53 kitchens, A33.19 discharge coefficients, F3.9
exterior shading, F15.1 laboratories, A16.11 drag, F3.5
glazing (glass), F15.1 nuclear facilities, A28.2 friction factors, F3.6
occupant comfort, F15.55 penetration fire stopping, A53.1 incompressible, F3.9
opaque elements, F15.29 smoke management, A53.1 laminar, F3.2
shading devices, F15.30 thermal insulation, F23.6 measurement, A38.11; F3.10; F36.20
solar gain, A44.10 Fish, R19; R32 noise, F3.13
solar heat gain, F15.13, 17 fresh, R19.2; R32.1 nonisothermal effects, F3.5
standards, F15.58 frozen, R19.4, R32.4 parabolic velocity profile, Poiseuille, F3.3
thermal radiation, F15.16 thermal properties, R19.1 patterns, F3.4
U-factors, F15.3, 6 Fitness facilities. (See also Gymnasiums) pipe friction, F3.6, 7
Ficks law, F1.1 in justice facilities, A9.5 Poiseuille, F3.3
and moisture flow, F25.12 Fittings properties, F3.1
Filters, air, S29. (See also Air cleaners) duct fitting Reynolds number, Re, F3.3
air conditioners, room, S50.4 effective length, F3.8 section change losses, F3.8
aircraft, A12.9, 14 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.10 sensors, F7.10
clean spaces, A18.3, 9, 13 loss coefficients, F3.8 separation, F3.4
demisters, A28.8 local, F21.9 turbulent, F3.3
desiccant dehumidifiers, S24.7 pipe two-phase
dry, extended surface, S29.5 sizing, F22.1, 7 boiling, F1.1

electronic, S29.5, 6 standards, S46.2 condensation, F1.10
furnaces, S33.2 tees, F22.7 evaporation, F1.2, 5
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, Fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.7. (See also pressure drop, F1.13
A16.4; A18.1; A28.3; S29.3, 6; S30.3 Mass-transit systems) unsteady, F3.11
hospitals, A8.2 Fixture units, A50.1, 26 valve losses, F3.8, 9
industrial air-conditioning, A14.7 pipe sizing, F22.9 vena contracta, F3.4
industrial exhaust gas Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, F28.1 wall friction, F3.3
fabric, S30.10 Flash tank, steam systems, S11.15 Food. (See also specific foods)
granular bed, S30.14 Floors codes, R15.2
installation, S29.10 coverings cooling times, R20.1
kitchens, A33.6, 10 panel systems, S6.7 freezing times, R20.7
laboratories, A16.9 temperature comfort, F9.16 industrial freezing methods, R29.1
maintenance, S29.8 slabs, heat loss, F17.11; F18.31 long-term storage, R40.7
nuclear facilities, A28.3, 8 Flowers, cut microbial growth
panel, S29.5 air transport, R0.1, 3 control, R22.3
places of assembly, A5.1 cooling, R28.11 generalized, R22.1
printing plants, A20.4 refrigerators, R16.3 requirements, R22.2
renewable media, moving-curtain, S29.6 storage, temperatures, R21.12 plants, R40.3
residential, A1.5 Flowmeters, A38.13; F36.18 poultry products
safety requirements, S29.10 bypass spring impact meters, A38.13 freezing, R31.5
selection, S29.8 in conduits, F3.13 refrigeration, R31.1
ships, A13.4 devices, A38.13 processing facilities
standards, S29.3, 4 district heating and cooling systems, contamination prevention, R22.3
test methods, S29.2 S12.38 dairy, R33.1
types, S29.5 flow nozzles, F36.21 fruits, R40.5
ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, hoods, F36.20 main dishes, R40.1
A18.2, 3; S29.4, 6; S30.3 orifice plates, A38.13; F36.21 meat, R30.1
viscous impingement, S29.5, 6 positive-displacement meters, F36.23 organism destruction, R22.4
Filters, water, A49.7 rotameters, F36.22 potato products, R40.5
Finned-tube heat-distributing units, S36.1, 5 turbine meters, A38.13; F36.23 poultry, R31.1
design, S36.3 ultrasonic, A38.13 precooked foods, R40.1
nonstandard condition corrections, S36.3 velocity impact meters, A38.13 refrigeration systems, R40.3, 4, 6
rating, S36.3 venturi meters, A38.13; F36.21 regulations and standards, R22.5
Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F1.25 Fluid dynamics computations, F13.1 sanitation, R22.4
energy recovery loops, S26.12 Fluid flow, F3 vegetables, R40.3
two-phase flow in, F1.17 analysis, F3.6 refrigeration
Fins, F1.6 Bernoulli equation, F3.6 dairy products, R33
Fire/smoke management. See Smoke kinetic energy factor, F3.2 eggs and egg products, R34.1
management pressure variation, F3.2 fishery products, R32
Firearm laboratories, A9.6 boundary layer, F3.4 fruits, fresh, R35; R36
Fireplaces, S34.4 cavitation, F3.13 meat products, R30
chimney design, S35.20 choking, F3.13 vegetables, R37

refrigerators testing, R17.9 Fungal pathogens, F10.8
commercial, R16 industrial, R29.1 Furnaces, S33
retail food store, R15.1, 12 walk-in, R16.3 air cleaners and filters, S33.2
storage requirements Freezing airflow configurations, S33.3
canned foods, R21.11 beverages, R20.7 air supply, S35.25
citrus fruit, R36.3 biomedical applications, R49.1 burners, S31.1; S33.2
commodities, R21.1 foods casings, S33.1
dried foods, R21.11 bakery products, R41.5 codes, S33.10
fruit, R35 egg products, R34.9 commercial, S33.5
thermal properties, R19 fish, R32.5 efficiency, S33.10
enthalpy, R19.7 freezing time calculations, R20.7 components, S33.1
heat of respiration, R19.17, 19 ice cream, R33.15 controls, S33.2, 5, 9
ice fraction, R19.2 meat products, R30.16 derating, S31.9
surface heat transfer coefficient, R19.24 poultry products, R31.5 duct, S33.5
thermal conductivity, R19.9, 12, 16 processed and prepared food, R40.1 duct furnaces, S31.6
thermal diffusivity, R19.17 industrial, R29.1 electric, S33.4, 10
transpiration coefficient, R19.19, 24 soil, R45.3, 4 fans and motors, S33.2
water content, initial freezing point, R19.2 Friction, in fluid flow floor furnaces, S34.2
Food service conduit, F3.6 gas-fired, S33.1, 9
refrigerators for, R16.1 wall, F3.3 codes, S33.10
service water heating, A50.14, 21 Fruit juice, R38 commercial, S33.5
vending machines, R16.5 Fruits installation, S33.10
Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1 dried residential, S33.1
multifamily, A1.6 storage, R42.7 standards, S33.11
Forensic labs, A9.5 thermal properties, R19.1 upflow, S33.5
autopsy rooms, A9.5, 6 fresh humidifiers, S33.2

critical spaces, A9.4, 7 air transport, R0.1 installation, S33.10
firearm labs, A9.5, 6, 7 apples, storage, A52.14; R35.1 location, S33.6
intake air quality, A9.6 apricots, R35.13 natural gas, S31.11; S33.1, 4, 9
Fouling factor avocados, R36.8 draft hoods, S33.2
condensers, water-cooled, S39.4 bananas, R36.5 residential, S33.1, 9
coolers, liquid, S42.4 berries, R35.13 vent dampers, S33.2, 9
Foundations, moisture control, A44.11 cherries, sweet, R35.12 venting, S33.2; S35.18
Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control, citrus, A52.14; R36.1 oil, S33.4, 10
A49.7 cooling, R28.1 venting, S35.19
Fouriers law, and heat transfer, F25.5 deciduous tree, R35 performance criteria, S33.8
Four-pipe systems, S5.5 desiccation, R21.1 propane, S33.4, 10
load, S13.19 deterioration rate, R21.1 regulating agencies, S33.11
room control, S5.15 display refrigerators, R15.8 residential, A1.3; S33.1
zoning, S5.15 figs, R35.13 annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
Framing frozen, R40.5 S33.9
materials, F15.2 grapes, R35.8 floor furnaces, S34.2
solar gain, F15.18 mangoes, R36.8 indoor or outdoor, S33.4
Freeze drying, A30.6 nectarines, R35.12 performance criteria, S33.8
biological materials, R49.4 peaches, R35.12 selection, S33.6
Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection pears, R35.6 selection, S33.6
systems) pineapples, R36.8 standards, S33.11
condensers, evaporative, S39.16 plums, R35.11 stokers, S31.16
coolers, liquid, S42.5 storage diseases, R35.1 thermal storage, S51.18
cooling tower strawberries, R35.13 unducted, S33.5
basin water, S40.13 thermal properties, R19.1 upflow, S33.5
piping, S14.3 vine fruits, R35.1 venting, S35.18, 19
energy recovery equipment, S26.7 Fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP), wall furnaces, S34.1
hydronic systems, S13.23 S7.22 Galleries. See Museums, galleries, archives,
insulation for, F23.5 Fuels, F28 and libraries
solar energy systems, A35.24; S37.2, 19 classification, F28.5 Garages
Freeze protection systems, A51.17, 19 combustion, F28 automotive repair, A15.21
Freezers engines, S7.10 bus, A15.21
blast, R16.3, R23.10; R29.1; R30.15 flammability limits, F28.1 contaminant criteria, A15.19
household, R17.1 gaseous, F28.5 parking, A3.7; A15.18
cabinet construction, R17.3 heating value, F28.3; S7.11 ventilation
cabinets, R17.2 ignition temperature, F28.2 airflow rate, A15.19
defrosting, R17.5 liquid, F28.6 control, A15.20
durability, R17.12 oil. See Oil, fuel equipment, A15.33
efficiency, R17.9 systems, S7.11 residential, F16.20
performance evaluation, R17.9 solid, F28.8 system configuration, A15.20
refrigerating systems, R17.4 turbines, S7.19 Gases
safety, R17.11 Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, A16.3 compressed, storage, A16.8

drying, S24.11 HACCP. See Hazard analysis and critical in-space, S34.1
liquefaction, R47.6 control point (HACCP) kerosene, S34.3
purification, R47.16, 19 Halocarbon oil, S16.3; S34.3
separation coolants, secondary, F31.12 radiant, S31; S34
gaseous oxygen, R47.18 refrigerant systems, R1.1 electric, S16.2
Gibbs phase rule, R47.16 Hartford loop, S11.3 gas-fired, S16.1; S31.6, 6; S34.1
Gas-fired equipment, S34. (See also Natural Hay, drying, A25.7 infrared, S31.6
gas) Hazard analysis and control, F10.4 oil-fired infrared, S16.3
noise, F28.17 Hazard analysis and critical control point panels, S34.4
Gas vents, S35.1 (HACCP), R22.4 quartz, S34.4
GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps in meat processing facilities, R30.1 residential, S34.1
(GCHP) Hazen-Williams equation, F22.1 room, S34.1
Generators HB. See Heat balance (HB) solid fuel, S34.4
absorption units, R18.1, 10 Health standards, S34.6, 7
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.39 airborne pathogens, F10.7 steam, S28.4
Geothermal energy, A34 asbestosis, F10.5 stoves, S34.5
corrosion control, A34.6 carbon monoxide, F10.15 testing, S34.7
direct-use systems, A34.3 coalworkers pneumoconiosis, F10.5 unit, S28.4; S31.6
cooling, A34.9 in justice facilities, A9.3 control, S28.6
equipment, A34.5 Legionella pneumophila, F10.7 location, S28.4
heating, A34.8 and moisture problems, F25.17 maintenance, S28.8
service water heating, A34.9 silicosis, F10.5 piping, S28.7
district heating, A34.8 synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5 ratings, S28.6
geothermal fluids, A34.1 Health care facilities, A8. (See also specific selection, S28.4
disposal, A34.4 types) sound level, S28.6
temperature, A34.1, 3 Heat types, S28.4

ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems, flow rates, F18.1 ventilators, S28.1
A34.10, 30; S9.4 latent water, A50
heat exchangers, A34.6, 29 respiratory loss, F9.4 Heat exchangers, S48
materials performance, A34.5 skin loss, F9.3, 10 air-to-air energy recovery, S26.1
resources, A34.1 sensible heat pipes, S26.13
valves, A34.7 respiratory, F9.4 liquid desiccant cooling systems, S26.15
water wells skin, F9.3 rotary enthalpy wheels, S26.9
flow rate, A34.3 space extraction rate, F18.2 thermosiphon, S26.16
pumps, A34.6, 28 timers, S11.13 twin-tower enthalpy recovery loops, S26.18
terminology, A34.26 transfer, F4; F25; F26; F27 animal environments, A24.4
water quality testing, A34.4 Heat and moisture control, F27.1 antifreeze effect on, S13.23
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A34.10 Heat balance, S9.19 chimneys, S35.29
Glaser method, F25.15 air, F18.17 counterflow, F1.21; S48.1
Glazing conduction transfer function, F18.18 district heating and cooling, S12.33
angular averaging, F15.15 cooling load calculation methods, F18.2, 14 double-wall construction, S48.3
glass, F15.1 equations, F18.18 effectiveness, capacity rate ratio, F1.22
plastic, F15.28 input procedure, F18.19 enhanced surfaces, F1.16
solar-optical properties, F15.13 model, F18.15 fouling, S48.5
spectral averaging, F15.15 studies, S9.19 furnaces, S33.1
spectral range, F15.16 surface, F18.15 geothermal energy systems, A34.6, 29
systems, F15.15 Heat capacity, F25.1 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.28
Global warming potential (GWP), R6.1 Heat control, F27 heat transfer, S48.1
Glycols, desiccant solution, S24.2 Heaters, S34 installation, S48.6
Graphical symbols, F37 automobiles, A10.5 liquid suction, R1.28
Green design, and sustainability, F35.1 catalytic, S34.1 number of transfer units (NTU), F1.22
Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments) control, S34.2, 4 parallel flow, F1.21
evaporative cooling, A52.15 direct-contact, S15.5 plate, F1.23; R1.29; S42.1
plant environments, A24.10 electric, S16.2; S34.3 brazed, S12.34; S48.3
Grids, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4 fireplaces, S34.4 components, S48.4
Grilles, S20.4, 7 gas, S16.1; S31.6; S34.1 gasketed, S12.34; S48.3
Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP) control valves, S34.2 plate-and-frame, S12.34
closed-loop ground-source, A34.10 efficiency requirements, S34.2 pressure drop in, F1.16
heat exchanger, S49.11 infrared, S16.1 welded, S12.34; S48.3
Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A34.1, 9 room, S34.1 selection, S48.5
Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A34.25 thermostats, S34.2 shell-and-coil, R1.29; S12.34; S48.2
GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps wall furnaces, S34.1 shell-and-tube, R1.29; S12.34; S42.1
(GSHP) hot-water, S28.4 components, S48.4
Guard stations, in justice facilities, A9.4 hydronic snow melting, A51.12 converters, S48.2
GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps infrared, S16.1; S31.6 straight-tube, S48.2
(GWHP) indirect, S31.6 tube-in-tube, R1.29; S42.1
GWP. See Global warming potential (GWP) oil-fired, S16.3 U-tube, S48.2
Gymnasiums, A5.5; A7.3 radiant, A54.1, 4, 8 solar energy, S37.15

systems floor slabs, F18.31 water-to-air, S9.4
solar energy, A35.12 latent heat loss, F17.12; F18.31 water-to-water, S9.6
steam, S11.3 radiant panels, S6.7 window-mounted, S2.3
water, medium- and high-temperature, S15.6 Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, S26.13 Heat recovery. (See also Energy, recovery)
wraparound, S25.8 Heat pumps balanced heat recovery, S9.18
Heat flow, F25. (See also Heat transfer) absorption, R18.3 cascade systems, S9.14
and airflow, F25.14 air-source, S49.1, 8 coils, S27.3
through flat building component, F25.7 add-on, S49.8 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.32
hygrothermal modeling, F25.16 air-to-air, S9.4, 9 combustion turbines, S7.37
and moisture, F25.14 air-to-water, S9.6, 9 evaporative cooling, A52.7; S41.5
paths, series and parallel, F25.7 balance point, S49.9 heat-activated chillers, S7.38
Heat flux, F25.1 compressor selection, S49.10 heat balance, S9.19
radiant panels, S6.2 control, S49.10 heat pumps, S9.9
Heat gain. (See also Load calculations) defrost cycle, S49.9 industrial exhaust systems, A32.8
appliances, F18.7 installation, S49.10 kitchen ventilation, A33.2
calculation refrigerant circuits, S49.10 laboratories, A16.19
solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), F18.16 selection, S49.9 liquid chillers, S43.2, 12
standard air values, F18.13 boosters, S51.18 multiple buildings, S9.21
control, F25; F26; F27 cascade systems, S9.6 reciprocating engines, S7.33
electric motors, F18.6 components, S9.6 retail food store refrigeration, R15.18
engine test facilities, dynamometers, A17.1 compression cycles, S9.2 service water heating, A50.4
fenestration, F18.14 control, S9.7, 8 steam
floors, F18.23 efficiency, S49.5 systems, S11.3, 14
hospital and laboratory equipment, F18.7 engine-driven, S7.45 turbines, S7.37
humans, F18.3 ground-source supermarkets, A2.4
laboratories, A16.2 ground-coupled, A34.10, 13; S9.15; S49.11 terminology, S9.1

latent, permeable building materials, F18.13 groundwater, A34.11, 25; S49.10 waste heat, S9.14
lighting, F18.3 surface water, A34.12, 30; S49.10 water loop heat pump systems, S9.15
office equipment, F18.9 terminology, A34.10 Heat storage. See Thermal storage
radiant panels, S6.7 heat recovery heat pumps, S9.9 Heat stress
space, F18.1 design principles, S9.12 index (HSI), A31.5; F9.21
Heating waste heat recovery, S9.14 industrial environments, A31.5
absorption equipment, R18.1 heat sources and sinks, S9.2, 4 thermal standards, A31.5
animal environments, A24.4 ice-source, R43.7 Heat transfer, F4; F25; F26; F27. (See also Heat
equipment, S3.1; S27S34; S49 industrial process, S9.9 flow)
baseboard units, S36.1 closed-cycle systems, S9.9 across air space, F25.6
boilers, S32.1 design, S9.12 antifreeze effect on water, S13.23
convectors, S36.1 heat recovery, S9.9, 9 apparent transfer coefficient, F25.6
finned-tube units, S36.1 open-cycle systems, S9.12 augmentation
furnaces, S33.1 semi-open-cycle systems, S9.11 active, F1.28
radiators, S36.1 multisplit system, S18.1 passive, F1.25
geothermal energy systems, A34.8 packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S50.6 coefficients, F15.5
greenhouses, A24.11 testing, S50.7 condensation, F1.11
industrial environments, A14.6 room, S50.1 convective, F9.7
infrared, S16.1 split systems, S49.1 convective evaporation, F1.7
radiant, A54.1, 8 supplemental heating, S9.8 evaporative, F9.8
nonresidential, S13.16 through-the-wall, S2.3 foods, R19.24
places of assembly, A5.1 types, S9.4 Lewis relation, F9.4
plant growth chambers, A24.17 unitary, S49.1 low-temperature, R48.9
power plants, A27.10 application, S49.1 overall, F1.26
residential, A1.1 certification, S49.6 coils
solar energy, S37.1 codes, S49.5 air-cooling and dehumidifying, S23.6
systems desuperheaters, S49.4 air-heating, S27.4
all-air, S4.2, 5 installation, S49.2 condensers, S39.2
selection, S1.1, 8 service, S49.2 water-cooled, S39.2
small forced-air, S10.1 space conditioning/water heating, S49.4 conductance, F1.3
solar energy, A35.15, 26 standards, S49.5 conduction, F1.1, 3
steam, S11.1 types, S49.2 shape factors, F1.4
thermal storage, S51.16 water heaters, A50.3, 27 control, F25; F26; F27
Heating load water-source convection
calculations, F18.28 certification, S49.11 buffer layer, F1.1
central plant, S3.2 design, S49.11 coefficient, F1.1
residential calculations entering water temperature, S49.11 external, F1.17
crawlspace heat loss, F17.11 groundwater, A34.11, 25; S49.10 flow, fully developed laminar, F1.17
Heating values of fuels, F28.3, 7, 9 indirect systems, A34.29 forced, boundary layer, F1.17
Heat loss. (See also Load calculations) surface water, A34.12, 30; S49.10 free, F1.1, 19
basement, F18.31 testing, S49.11 internal, F1.17
crawlspaces, F17.11 water loop, S9.15; S49.10 laminar sublayer, F1.1

natural, F1.1, 19 High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, load characteristics, A6.1
turbulent region, F1.1 A28.3; S29.6; S30.3 makeup air units, A6.7
definition, F25.1 High-rise buildings. See Tall Buildings public areas, A6.6
diffuse radiators, F1.15 High-temperature short-time (HTST) service water heating, showers, A50.14, 20
district heating and cooling pipes, S12.13 pasteurization, R33.2 sound control, A6.8
effectiveness, F1.22 High-temperature water (HTW) system, S13.1 systems, A6.3
extended surfaces, F1.4 Homeland security. See Chemical, biological, Hot-gas bypass, R1.34
factor, friction, F1.19 radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Houses of worship, A5.3
film Hoods HSI. See Heat stress, index (HSI)
coefficient, F25.1 draft, S33.2; S35.27 HTST. See High-temperature short-time
resistance, F25.6, 6 gaseous contaminant control, A46.6 (HTST) pasteurization
fins, F1.4, 7 industrial exhaust systems Humidification, S22
forced convection, air coolers, F1.17 capture velocities, A32.2 air washers, S41.7
Fouriers law, F25.5 compound hoods, A32.5 all-air systems, S4.5, 8
ground, F19.7 design principles, A32.3 control, A47.12, 13; S22.1
ground loops, A34.14 entry loss, A32.4 design, S22.4
heat exchangers, S48.1 overhead hoods, A32.5 direct evaporative cooling, A52.2
insulation, F36.32 sidedraft hoods, A32.6 evaporative coolers, S41.7
lakes, A34.30 volumetric flow rate, A32.2 load calculations, S22.4
mass transfer kitchen exhaust, A33.30 Humidifiers, S22
convection, F1.6 ductless, A33.17 all-air systems, S4.8
molecular diffusion, F1.3 recirculating systems, A33.17, 19 bacterial growth, S22.1
simultaneous with, F1.9, 12 residential, A33.30 central air systems
number of transfer units (NTU), F1.22 type I, A33.10 industrial and commercial, S22.6
radiant balance, F1.15 type II, A33.10, 17 residential, S22.6
radiation laboratory fume, A16.3 commercial, S22.6

actual, gray, F1.2, 13 sound control, A48.34 controls, S22.9
angle factor, F1.13 unidirectional, A18.9 energy considerations, S22.3
Beers law, F1.16 Hospitals, A8.2 equipment, S22.5
blackbody, F1.12 air conditioning, A8.2 evaporative cooling, S22.9
black surface, F1.2 air movement, A8.3 furnaces, S33.2
energy transfer, F1.11 air quality, A8.2 industrial, S22.6
exchange between surfaces, F1.14 cooling, A8.13 Legionella pneumophila control, A49.7
in gases, F1.16 design criteria load calculations, S22.4
gray surface, F1.12 administration, A8.11 nonducted, S22.6
hemispherical emissivity, F1.12 ancillary spaces, A8.9 portable, S22.6
Kirchoffs law, F1.13 autopsy rooms, A8.10 residential, A1.5; S10.2; S22.6
monochromatic emissive power, diagnostic and treatment, A8.11 scaling, S22.5
F1.12 infectious isolation, A8.8 supply water, S22.5
spectral emissive power, F1.12 intensive care units, A8.8 terminal, S4.17
Stefan-Boltzmann law, F1.2, 12 laboratories, A8.9 Humidity
thermal, F1.2 nursery suites, A8.8 building envelope affected by, S22.2
Wiens displacement law, F1.12 nursing areas, A8.8 control, A47.12; F32.1; S22.1; S24.1
simultaneous with mass transfer, F1.9 operating rooms, A8.5; S22.2 disease prevention and treatment, S22.1
snow-melting systems, A51.1 patient rooms, A8.8 human comfort conditions, S22.1
fluids, A51.10 pharmacies, A8.10 measurement, F36.10
solar energy systems, A35.11 protective isolation, A8.8 odors affected by, F12.2
steady-state, F25.5 recovery rooms, A8.8 sound transmission affected by, S22.2
surface, F25.6 service areas, A8.12 sources of, S25.8
terminology, F25.1 sterilizing and supply, A8.12 static electricity affected by, S22.2
thermal bridging, F25.8 surgery and critical care, A8.5 HVAC security, A59
transient energy conservation, A8.13 owners project requirements (OPR), A59.1
cooling time estimation, F1.9 heating and hot-water standby, A8.13 risk evaluation, A59.2
cylinder, F1.9 indoor air quality (IAQ), A8.2 system design, A59.3
radiation, F1.8 infection sources and control, A8.2 design measures, A59.3
slab, F1.9 insulation, A8.13 maintenance management, A59.5
sphere, F1.9 Legionella pneumophila, A8.2 modes of operation, A59.3
transmission data, F26 pressure relationships and ventilation, A8.4 Hydrogen, liquid, R47.2
water, S13.3 smoke control, A8.5 Hydronic systems, S35. (See also Water
Heat transmission zoning, A8.13 systems)
doors, F27.7 Hot-box method, of thermal modeling, F25.8 central multifamily, A1.6
floor slabs, F18.31 Hotels and motels, A6 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.42
windows, F27.7 accommodations, A6.3 heating and cooling design, S13.1
Heat traps, A50.2 back-of-the-house (BOTH) areas, A6.6 heat transfer vs. flow, A38.6, 7
Helium central plant, A6.7 pipe sizing, F22.6
in air, F1.1 design criteria, A6.1 residential, A1.3
recovery, R47.18 guest rooms, A6.4 snow melting, A51.10
and thermal radiation, F1.16 indoor air quality (IAQ), A6.6 testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.6, 8

units sensors, F7.10 incineration, S30.26
baseboard, S36.1, 3, 5 standards, F10.11 spray dry scrubbing, S30.17
convectors, S36.1, 2, 5 synthetic vitreous fibers, F10.5 wet-packed scrubbers, S30.18, 23
finned-tube, S36.1, 3, 5 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), F10.11 gas stream, S30.2
heaters, S28.4 Indoor environmental modeling, F13 monitoring, S30.1
makeup air, S28.8 computational fluid dynamic (CFD), F13.1 operation and maintenance, S30.29
pipe coils, S36.1 contaminant transport, F13.16 particulate contaminant control, S30
radiant panels, S6.10; S36.5 multizone network, F13.14 collector performance, S30.3
radiators, S36.1, 2, 5 verification and validation, F13.17 electrostatic precipitators, S30.8
ventilators, S28.1 Induction fabric filters, S30.10
water treatment, A49.10 air-and-water systems, A38.5 inertial collectors, S30.4
Hygrometers, F7.9; F36.10, 11 systems, S5.10 scrubbers (wet collectors), S30.15
Hygrothermal loads, F25.2 units under varying load, S5.11 settling chambers, S30.4
Hygrothermal modeling, F25.16; F27.10 Industrial applications regulations, S30.1
criteria, F25.16 burners safety, S30.29
dew-point method, F25.15 gas, S31.6 scrubbers (wet collectors), S30.15
transient analysis, F25.16; F27.10 oil, S31.12 Industrial hygiene, F10.3
IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ) ducts, S19.8 Infiltration. (See also Air leakage)
IBD. See Integrated building design (IBD) gas drying, S24.11 air exchange, R24.4
Ice heat pumps, S9.9 rate, F16.3, 12
commercial, R43.6 humidifiers, S22.6 air leakage
delivery systems, R43.5 process drying, S24.11 air-vapor retarder, F16.17
manufacture, R43.1 process refrigeration, R46.1 building data, F16.16
storage, R43.4 thermal storage, S51.22 controlling, F16.17
thermal storage; R43.3; S51.9 service water heating, A50.24 calculation, residential, F16.23
Ice makers steam generators, A27.4 climatic zones, F16.19

commercial, R16.6 Industrial environments, A14; A31; A32 commercial buildings, F16.25
heat pumps, R43.7 air conditioning, A14 direct flow through doorways, R24.6
household refrigerator, R17.2 cooling load, A14.6 driving mechanisms, F16.12
large commercial, R43.1 design, A14.5 examples, F16.23
storage, R43.4 evaporative systems, A14.7 fenestration, F15.49
thermal storage, R43.3 maintenance, A14.8 indoor air quality (IAQ), F16.10
types, R43.1 refrigerant systems, A14.7 infiltration degree-days, F16.12
water treatment, A49.7, 9 spot cooling, A31.3; A52.12 latent heat load, F16.11, F17.5
Ice rinks, A5.5; R44 ventilation, A31.1 leakage function, F16.15
conditions, R44.4, 5 air distribution, A31.3 measurement, F36.24
dehumidifiers, S25.7 air filtration systems, A14.7; S29.2; S30.1 refrigerated facilities, R24.4
energy conservation, R44.5 contaminant control, A14.5, 8 residential buildings, F16.14
floor design, R44.8 energy conservation, A31.6 sensible heat load, F16.11, F17.5
heat loads, R44.2 energy recovery, A31.6 terminology, F16.1
pebbling, R44.11 energy sustainability, A31.6 thermal loads, F16.11
surface building and maintenance, R44.10 evaporative cooling, A52.12 ventilation, R15.4
water quality, R44.11 heat control, A31.4 Infrared applications
ID50 mean infectious dose, A59.8 heat exposure control, A31.6 comfort, F9.23, 25
Ignition temperatures of fuels, F28.2 heating systems, A14.6 drying, A30.3
IGUs. See Insulating glazing units (IGUs) heat stress, A31.5 energy generators, S16.1
Illuminance, F36.30 local exhaust systems, A31.6; A32.1 greenhouse heating, A24.12
Indoor air quality (IAQ). (See also Air quality) air cleaners, A32.8 heaters, A54.1, 4, 8; S16.1
bioaerosols airflow near hood, A32.3 electric, S16.2
health effects, F10.7 air-moving devices, A32.8 gas-fired, S16.1; S31.6
particles, F10.4 ducts, A32.6; S30.27 industrial environments, A14.7
sources, F10.7 energy recovery, A32.8 oil-fired, S16.3
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), F10.6 exhaust stacks, A32.8 system efficiency, S16.3
gaseous contaminant control, A46.1 fans, A32.8 snow-melting systems, A51.16
hospitals, A8.2 hoods, A32.2 In-room terminal systems
hotels and motels, A6.6 operation and maintenance, A32.9 changeover temperature, S5.12
humidity, F25.16 system testing, A32.9 performance under varying load, S5.11
kitchens, A33.22 process and product requirements, A14.1 primary air, S5.10
microbial volatile organic chemicals spot cooling, A31.3, 6 Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments
(MVOCs), F10.7 thermal control, A14.4 or applications)
modeling, F13.1 ventilation systems, A31.2 Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F15.4
particulate matter, F10.4 Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29. (See also Insulation, electrical, R6.9
polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), F10.6 Air cleaners) Insulation, thermal
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), auxiliary equipment, S30.27 airflow retarders, F25.10
F10.6 equipment selection, S30.1 animal environments, A24.4
radon action levels, F10.22 gaseous contaminant control, S30.17 below-ambient system, R10.1, 2
semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), absorption, S30.17 clothing, F9.8
F10.4, 12 adsorption, S30.23, 25 compressive resistance, F23.9

condensation control, F23.3 post-construction activities, A58.9 Juvenile facilities, A9.1. (See also Family
corrosion under, F23.8 design courts)
cryogenic, R47.23 basis, A58.6 K-12 schools, A7.2
ducts, F23.16; S19.10 criteria, A58.6 Kelvins equation, F25.11
flexible, F23.13 development, A58.8 Kirchoffs law, F1.13
process, F23.16 intent, A58.8 Kitchens, A33
economic thickness, in mechanical systems, team, A58.5, 8 air balancing, A33.3
F23.1 design-phase contract, A58.1 multiple-hood systems, A33.4
electrical, motor, breakdown of, S45.14 documentation, A58.8 air filtration, A33.6, 10
energy conservation, F23.1 drawings cooking effluent
fire resistance ratings, F23.7 preliminary, A58.7 control of, A33.6
fire safety, F23.6 working, A58.7 generation of, A33.1
flame spread index, F23.6 energy modeling, A58.4 thermal plume behavior,
foundations, A44.3 building optimization, A58.4 A33.5
freeze protection, F23.5 equipment selection, A58.4 dishwashers, piping, A50.8
green buildings, F23.1 system optimization, A58.4 energy conservation
heat gain, F23.18 objectives, A58.1 economizers, A33.3
heat loss, F23.18 organization, A58.5 reduced airflow, A33.3
heat transfer, F36.32 programming, A58.4 residential hoods, A33.31
hospitals, A8.13 project restaurants, A33.1
insertion loss, F23.6 closeout, A58.8 exhaust hoods, A33
limited combustible, F23.7 delivery, A58.9 ductless, A33.17
materials, F23.9; F26.1 design, A58.6 recirculating systems, A33.17, 19
cellular, F23.9 manual, A58.7 residential, A33.30
fibrous, F23.9 predesign, A58.9 systems, A33.10
foil, scrim, and kraft paper (FSK), quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), type I, A33.10
F23.13 A58.5 type II, A33.10, 17
foil-reinforced kraft (FRK), F23.14 schematic design, A58.1 exhaust systems, A33.10, 31
granular, F23.9 specifications ducts, A33.18; S19.9
reflective, F23.9 outline, A58.7 effluent control, A33.6
moisture control, F26.1 project manual, A58.7 fans, A33.18
noise control, F23.6 training, A58.5 fire safety, A33.10
noncombustible, F23.7 Integrated design process (IDP), A58.1 hoods, A33.10
operating temperature, F23.9 Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, maintenance, A33.29
performance, F26.1 R2.3 multiple-hood systems, A33.4, 21
personnel protection, F23.2 Jacketing, insulation, R10.7 residential, A33.31
pipes, F23.13 Jails, A9.3 terminations, A33.19
economic thickness, S12.22 Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6 fire safety, A33.19, 21
hangers, F23.13 Judges chambers, A9.5 fire suppression, A33.19
underground, F23.15; S12.12 Juice, R38.1 multiple-hood systems, A33.21
properties, F25.1 Jury facilities, A9.5 prevention of fire spread, A33.21
refrigerant piping, R10.1 Justice facilities, A9 residential, A33.31
design, R10.1 control rooms, A9.3, 4 grease removal, A33.6, 10
installation, R10.8 courthouses, A9.4 heat recovery, A33.2
jacketing, R10.7 courtrooms, A9.4, 5 indoor air quality (IAQ), A33.22
joint sealant, R10.7 dining halls, A9.4 integration and design, A33.3
maintenance, R10.9 energy considerations, A9.2 in justice facilities, A9.4
thickness tables, R10.4 fire/smoke management, A9.3 maintenance, A33.29
vapor retarders, R10.7 fitness facilities, A9.5 makeup air systems
refrigerated facilities, R23.12; R24.1 forensic labs, A9.1, 5 air distribution, A33.23
smoke developed index, F23.6 guard stations, A9.3, 4 maintenance, A33.29
solar energy systems, S37.6, 13 health issues, A9.3 replacement, A33.22
tanks, vessels, and equipment, F23.15 heating and cooling plants, A9.2 residential, A33.31
thermal conductivity, F23.9 jail cells, A9.5 operation, A33.28
thermal storage systems, water, S51.6 jails, A9.3 residential, A33.29
water absorption, F23.9 judges chambers, A9.4, 5 service water heating, A50.8
water vapor permeability, F23.9 jury rooms, A9.5 ventilation, A33
water vapor permeance, F23.9 juvenile, A9.1 Kleemenko cycle, R47.13
water vapor retarders, F23.11 kitchens, A9.4 Krypton, recovery, R47.18
weather barriers, F23.10 laundries, A9.4 Laboratories, A16
weather protection, F23.10 libraries, A9.3, 5 air distribution, A16.9
Integrated building design (IBD), A58.1 police stations, A9.1 air filtration, A16.9
budgeting, A58.5 prisons, A9.3 air intakes, A16.13
commissioning, A58.8 system controls A9.3 animal labs, A16.14
communication, A58.5 system requirements, A9.1 cage environment, A24.9
construction terminology, A9.1 ventilation performance, A24.9
contract administration, A58.7 types of, A9.1 biological safety cabinets, A16.6
document phase, A58.8 U.S. Marshals, A9.5 biosafety levels, A16.17

clean benches, A16.8 hospitals, A8.2 Low-temperature water (LTW) system, S13.1
cleanrooms, A18.1 Legionnaires disease, A49.6 LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
clinical labs, A16.18 service water systems, A50.10 LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW)
commissioning, A16.20 Legionnaires disease. See Legionella system
compressed gas storage, A16.8 pneumophila Lubricants, R12. (See also Lubrication; Oil)
containment labs, A16.17 LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES) additives, R12.4
controls, A16.12 Lewis relation, F1.9; F9.4 ammonia refrigeration, R2.7
design parameters, A16.2 Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives, component characteristics, R12.3
duct leakage rates, A16.10 and libraries effects, R12.28
economics, A16.20 Life expectancy (LE) rating, film, A22.3 evaporator return, R12.15
exhaust devices, A16.8 Lighting foaming, R12.27
exhaust systems, A16.10 cooling load, F18.3 halocarbon refrigeration
fire safety, A16.11 greenhouses, A24.14 compressor floodback protection, R1.31
fume hoods, A16.3 heat gain, F18.3 liquid indicators, R1.32
controls, A16.13 plant environments, A24.17 lubricant management, R1.10
performance, A16.4 sensors, F7.10 moisture indicators, R1.31
hazard assessment, A16.2 Light measurement, F36.30 purge units, R1.32
heat recovery, A16.19 LIMS. See Laboratory information receivers, R1.32
hospitals, A8.9 management systems (LIMS) refrigerant driers, R1.31
loads, A16.2 Linde cycle, R47.6 separators, R1.30
nuclear facilities, A28.11 Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S8.6 strainers, R1.31
paper testing labs, A26.4 vaporization systems, S8.6 surge drums or accumulators, R1.30
radiochemistry labs, A16.18 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F28.5 mineral oil
safety, A16.2, 11 Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R4 aromatics, R12.3
scale-up labs, A16.18 ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.22 naphthenes (cycloparaffins), R12.3
stack heights, A16.13 circulating rate, R4.4 nonhydrocarbons, R12.3

supply air systems, A16.9 evaporators, R4.6 paraffins, R12.3
system maintenance, A16.18 line sizing, R4.7 miscibility, R12.13
system operation, A16.18 liquid separators, R4.7 moisture content, R8.1
teaching labs, A16.18 overfeed rate, R4.4 oxidation, R12.27
types, A16.1 pump selection, R4.4 properties, R12.4
ventilation, A16.8 receiver sizing, R4.7 floc point, R12.20
Laboratory information management systems recirculation, R4.1 viscosity, R12.5
(LIMS), A9.7 refrigerant distribution, R4.3 refrigerant
Lakes, heat transfer, A34.30 terminology, R4.1 contamination, R7.7
Laminar flow Lithium bromide/water, F30.69 reactions with, R6.5
air, A18.4 Lithium chloride, S24.2 solutions, R12.8
fluids, F3.2 Load calculations requirements, R12.2
Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence cargo containers, R25.8 separators, R11.23
modeling, F13.3; F24.10 coils, air-cooling and dehumidifying, S23.14 solubility
Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F36.17 computer calculation, A40.9 air, R12.27
Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F36.17 humidification, S22.4 hydrocarbon gases, R12.22
Latent energy change materials, S51.2 hydronic systems, S13.2 refrigerant solutions, R12.10, 12, 14
Laundries internal heat load, R24.3 water, R12.25
evaporative cooling, A52.13 nonresidential, F18.1, 18 stability, R12.28
in justice facilities, A9.4; F25.11 precooling fruits and vegetables, R28.1 synthetic lubricants, R12.3
service water heating, A50.22, 23 refrigerated facilities testing, R12.1
LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR) air exchange, R24.4 wax separation, R12.20
LD50 mean lethal dose, A59.8 direct flow through doorways, R24.6 Lubrication, R12
LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA) equipment, R24.6 combustion turbines, S7.21
LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV) infiltration, R24.4 compressors
LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating internal, R24.3 centrifugal, S38.36
Leakage product, R24.3 reciprocating, S38.10
air-handling unit, S19.5 transmission, R24.1 rotary, S38.13
ducts, F21.15; S19.2 residential cooling single-screw, S38.15
HVAC air systems, S19.2 residential heat balance (RHB) method, twin-screw, S38.21
responsibilities, S19.4 F17.2 engines, S7.12
sealants, S19.2 residential load factor (RLF) method, Mach number, S38.31
testing, S19.3 F17.2 Maintenance. (See also Operation and
Leakage function, relationship, F16.15 residential heating, F17.11 maintenance)
Leak detection of refrigerants, F29.9 snow-melting systems, A51.1 absorption units, R18.7
methods, R8.4 Load collector ratio (LCR), A35.21 air cleaners, S29.8
Legionella pneumophila, A49.6; F10.7 Local exhaust. See Exhaust air conditioners, retail store, A2.1
air washers, S41.9 Loss coefficients air washers, S41.9
control, A49.7 control valves, F3.9 chillers, S43.5, 12
cooling towers, S40.15, 16 duct fitting database, F21.10 coils
decorative fountains, A49.7 fittings, F3.8 air-cooling and dehumidifying, S23.15
evaporative coolers, S41.9 Louvers, F15.29 air-heating, S27.5

combined heat and power (CHP) systems, rail cars, A11.1, 5 Meshes, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4
S7.17 rapid transit, A11.5; A15.11 refining, F13.11
condensers, S39 stations, A15.14 Metabolic rate, F9.6
air-cooled, S39.13 thermal comfort, A11.1; A15.15 Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R48.6
evaporative, S39.18 thermal load analysis, A11.2; A15.15 Microbial growth, R22.4
water-cooled, S39.7 tunnels Microbial volatile organic chemicals
cooking equipment, A33.29 railroad, A15.16 (MVOCs), F10.7
coolers, liquid, S42.6 rapid transit, A15.11 Microbiology of foods, R22.1
cooling towers, S40.14 subway, A15.11 Microphones, F36.27
costs, A37.7 ventilation, A11.1; A15.5 Mines, A29
documentation, A39.7 McLeod gages, F36.13 heat sources, A29.2
energy recovery equipment, S26.6, 11 Mean infectious dose (ID50), A59.8 mechanical refrigeration plants, A29.9
evaporative coolers, S41.9 Mean lethal dose (LD50), A59.8 spot coolers, A29.10
filters, air, S29.8 Mean radiant temperature (MRT), ventilation, A29.1
gaseous air cleaners, A46.15 A54.1 wall rock heat flow, A29.3
industrial air-conditioning systems, Mean temperature difference, F1.21 Modeling. (See also Data-driven modeling;
A14.8 Measurement, F36. (See also Instruments) Energy, modeling)
infrared heaters, S16.5 air exchange rates, F16.12 airflow, A18.5
kitchen ventilation systems, A33.28, 31 airflow, A38.2 around buildings, F24.9
laboratory HVAC equipment, A16.18 air infiltration, F36.24 in buildings, F13.1
liquid chillers, S43.15 air leakage, F16.16 contaminant transport, F13.1, 16
makeup air units, S28.9 airtightness, F36.24 multizone, F13.1, 14
manual, A39.8 carbon dioxide, F36.24 turbulence, F13.3
solar energy systems, A35.24 combustion analysis, F36.33 wind tunnels, F24.10
turbines contaminants, F36.34 boilers, F19.12
combustion, S7.22 data acquisition, F36.34 compressor, F19.14

steam, S7.30 electricity, F36.26 condenser and evaporator, F19.14
unit heaters, S28.8 fluid flow, A38.11; F3.10; F36.20 controls, F19.21
Makeup air units, S28.8 gaseous contaminants, A46.5 cooling tower, F19.15
applications, S28.8 heat transfer in insulation, F36.32 moisture in buildings, F25.16
codes, S28.9 humidity, F36.10 systems, F19.15
commissioning, S28.9 light levels, F36.30 thermal (hot-box method), F25.8
controls, A47.16; S28.9 moisture content, F36.32; R7.3 validation, F19.29
design, S28.8 in refrigeration systems, R8.3 Moist air
maintenance, S28.9 moisture transfer, F36.32 psychrometrics, F1.1
selection, S28.8 odors, F12.5 thermodynamic properties
standards, S28.9 pressure, F36.13 standard pressure, F1.10
types, S28.8 rotative speed, F36.27 temperature scale, F1.2
Malls, A2.6 sound, F36.27 transport properties, F1.15
Manometers, differential pressure readout, temperature, F36.4 viscosity, F1.15
A38.12 thermal comfort, F36.30 Moisture
Manufactured homes, A1.7 uncertainty analysis, A41.13; F36.3 in animal facilities, A24.2
airflow modeling example, F13.18 velocity, F36.15 in building materials, F25.10
Masonry, insulation, F26.7. (See also Building vibration, F36.27 capacity, F25.2
envelopes) Meat, R30 combustion, F28.12
Mass transfer, F1 display refrigerators, R15.7 condensation, S22.3
convection, F1.5 food processing, R30.1 content, F25.2
eddy diffusion, F1.9 frozen, R30.16 control, F25; F26; F27
Lewis relation, F1.9; F9.4 packaged fresh cuts, R30.11 terminology, F25.1
energy recovery, air-to-air, S26.5 processing facilities diffusivity, F36.32
heat transfer simultaneous with, F1.9 boxed beef, R30.7 farm crops content, A25.1
air washers, F1.11 carcass coolers, R30.2, 8 flow
cooling coils, F1.12 energy conservation, R30.17 and air- and heat flow, F25.14
cooling towers, F1.12 pork trimmings, R30.10 isothermal, F25.14
dehumidifying coils, F1.12 processed meats, R30.12 mechanisms, F25.12
direct-contact equipment, F1.10 sanitation, R30.1 modeling, F25.16
enthalpy potential, F1.9 shipping docks, R30.17 flux, F25.2
molecular diffusion, F1.1 variety meats, R30.10 hygrothermal modeling, F25.16
in liquids and solids, F1.4 retail storage, R15.12 in insulation, F26.1
two-film theory, S30.20 thermal properties, R19.1 for refrigeration piping, R10.2
Mass-transit systems Mechanical equipment room, central measurement, F36.32
buses, A11.1, 2 central fan room, A4.6 paint, effects on, F25.17
bus garages, A15.21 floor-by-floor fan rooms, A4.6 permeability, F36.32
bus terminals, A15.23 floor-by-floor units, A4.6 permeance, F36.32
diesel locomotive facilities, A15.27 multiple floors, A4.5 problems, in buildings, F25.10
enclosed vehicular facilities, A15.1 Mechanical traps, steam systems, S11.8 ratio, F25.2
environmental control, A11.1 Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, in refrigerant systems
fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.1 S13.1 control, R7.1

desiccants, R7.3 Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries Department of Energy facilities requirements
driers, R7.6 air distribution, A23.18 confinement systems, A28.4
drying methods, R7.2 air filtration, A23.17 ventilation, A28.4
effects, R7.1 artifact deterioration, A23.5 fire protection, A28.2
hydrocarbon gases solubility, R12.22 building construction, A23.12 HVAC design considerations, A28.1
indicators, R7.3 dehumidification, A23.17, 19 Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements
lubricant solubility, R12.25 exhibit cases, A23.5 boiling water reactors, A28.9
measurement, R7.3; R8.3 humidification, A23.17 laboratories, A28.11
solubility, R7.1 mold growth, A23.5 medical and research reactors, A28.11
sources, R7.1; R8.1 outside air, A23.17 other buildings and rooms, A28.9
solar vapor drive, F25.3 relative humidity, effect on artifacts, A23.5 power plants, A28.6
sorption isotherms, F36.32 system selection, A23.16 pressurized water reactors, A28.8
storage in building materials, F26.15 temperature, effect on artifacts, A23.3 radioactive waste facilities, A28.11
transfer, F25.2 MVOCs. See Microbial volatile organic safety design, A28.1
examples, F27.7 compounds (MVOCs) standards, A28.12
transient, F25.14 Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools) tornado and wind protection, A28.2
transmission data, F26.1 air conditioning, A5.6 Number of transfer units (NTU)
water vapor retarders, F16.17; F26.12 dehumidifiers, S25.5 cooling towers, S40.19
Mold, F25.17 duct design, A5.7 heat transfer, F1.22
Montreal Protocol, F29.1 envelope design, A5.7 Nursing facilities, A8.14
Motors, S45 load estimation, A5.6 service water heating, A50.14
air volume control, S45.11 pool water chemistry, A5.7 Nuts, storage, R42.7
bearing currents, VFD-induced, S45.9 ventilation requirements, A5.6 Odors, F12
codes, S45.2 Natural gas, F28.5 analytical measurement, F12.5
compressors, S38.6 liquefaction, R47.8 control of, in industrial exhaust gas cleaning,
controls, S45.6 liquefied, R47.3 S30.25, 27

current imbalance, S45.2 pipe sizing, F22.18 factors affecting, F12.2, 5
efficiency, S45.2 processing, R47.19 odor units, F12.5
evaporative cooling, A52.12 separation, R47.18 olf unit, F12.6
field assembly and refrigerant contamination, Navier-Stokes equations, F13.1 sense of smell, F12.1
R7.8 Reynolds-averaged, F13.3 sensory measurement, F12.2
furnaces, residential, S33.2 NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves acceptability, F12.5
general purpose, S45.3 Net positive suction head (NPSH), A34.27; sources, F12.1
harmonics, S45.16 S44.10 suprathreshold intensity, F12.3
hermetic, S45.4 Net positive suction pressure (NPSP), R2.3 threshold, F12.1
burnout, R7.8, 8 Night setback, recovery, A42.36 ODP. See Ozone depletion potential (ODP)
impedance, S45.13 Nitrogen Office buildings
induction, S45.3 liquid, R47.3 air conditioning, A3.2, A3.3
integral thermal protection, S45.5 recovery, R47.17 space requirements, A3.5
inverter duty, S45.14 Noise, F8.13. (See also Sound) service water heating, A50.14, 18
noise, S45.15 air conditioners, room, S50.4 tall, A4
operation above base speed, S45.8 combustion, F28.17 Oil, fuel, F28.6
power factor correction capacitors, S45.17 compressors characteristics, F28.6
power supply (ac), S45.1 centrifugal, S38.5, 24, 34 distillate oils, F28.6
protection, S45.5 scroll, S38.26 handling, S31.15
pumps, centrifugal, S44.8, 13, 14 single-screw, S38.18 heating value, F28.7
service factor, S45.4 condensing units, R15.18 pipe sizing, F22.19
standards, S45.2 control, with insulation, F23.6 preparation, S31.16
starting, and electricity, S45.7 controls, A18.19 residual oils, F28.6
switching times, S45.13 engine test facilities, A17.4 storage buildings, A27.9
torque, S45.4 fans, S21.10 storage tanks, S31.14
in variable-frequency drives, S45.13 fluid flow, F3.13 sulfur content, F28.7
voltage imbalance, S45.1 health effects, F10.21 viscosity, F28.6
Movie theaters, A5.3 valves, S47.2 Oil. (See also Lubricants)
MRT. See Mean radiant temperature (MRT) water pipes, F22.5 in refrigerant systems, R12.3
Multifamily residences, A1.6 Noise criterion (NC) curves, F8.16 in two-phase flow, F1.13
Multiple-use complexes Noncondensable gases Olf unit, F12.6
air conditioning, A6.8 condensers, water-cooled, S39.6 One-pipe systems
design criteria, A6.1 refrigerant contamination, R7.7 chilled-water, S13.19
load characteristics, A6.1 NPSP. See Net positive suction pressure steam convection heating, S11.12; 1993
systems, A6.1, 2 (NPSP) Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See
energy inefficient, A6.2 NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU) explanation on first page of index.)
total energy, A6.3 Nuclear facilities, A28 Operating costs, A37.4
Multisplit unitary equipment, S49.1 air filtration, A28.3, 8 Operation and maintenance, A39. (See also
Multizone airflow modeling, F13.14 basic technology, A28.1 Maintenance)
applications example, F13.18 codes, A28.12 compressors, S38.36
approaches, F13.16 criticality, A28.1 desiccant dehumidifiers, S24.7
verification and validation, F13.17 decommissioning, A28.11 documentation, A39.8

industrial exhaust systems, A32.9 storage, A22.3 age, F9.16
exhaust gas cleaning equipment, S30.29 Paper products facilities, A26 body surface area (DuBois), F9.3
laboratory HVAC equipment, A16.18 air conditioning, A26.2 clothing, F9.8
manuals, A39.8 conduction drying, A30.3 cooling load, F18.3
new technology, A39.9 control rooms, A26.3 DuBois equation, F9.3
responsibilities, A39.8 evaporative cooling, A52.13 energy balance, F9.2
Optimization, A42.4 finishing area, A26.3 heat stress, F9.21, 26
applications machine area, A26.2 heat transfer coefficients
dynamic, A42.15 system selection, A26.4 convective, F9.7
static, A42.9 testing laboratories, A26.4 evaporative, F9.8
dynamic, A42.7 Paraffins, R12.3 Lewis relation, F9.4
static, A42.4 Parallel compressor systems, R15.14 radiative, F9.7
Outdoor air, free cooling Particulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ), hypothalamus, F9.1
cooling towers, S40.12 F10.4, 6 hypothermia, F9.1
liquid chillers, S43.12 Pasteurization, R33.2 latent heat loss, F9.3, 10
Outpatient health care facilities, A8.14 beverages, R39.6 mechanical efficiency, F9.6
Owning costs, A37.1 dairy products, R33.2 metabolic rate, F9.6
Oxygen eggs, R34.4, 10 models, F9.19
in aircraft cabins, A12.9 juices, R38.4, 7 respiratory heat loss, F9.4
liquid, R47.3 Peanuts, drying, A25.8 seasonal rhythms, F9.17
recovery, R47.17 PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL) sensible heat loss, F9.3
Ozone Performance contracting, A41.2 sex, F9.17
activated carbon air cleaner, A46.13 Permafrost stabilization, R45.4 skin heat loss, F9.3, 5
in aircraft cabins Permeability skin wettedness, F9.21
catalytic converters, A12.14 clothing, F9.8 thermal exchanges, F9.2
limits, A12.15 vapor, F36.32 thermoregulation, F9.1

electronic air filters, S29.8 water vapor, F25.2 vasodilation, F9.1
health effects, F10.15 Permeance Pigs. See Swine
Ozone depletion potential (ODP), R6.1 air, F25.2 Pipes, S46. (See also Piping)
PAC. See Polycyclic aromatic compounds thickness, F36.32 buried, heat transfer analysis, S12.15
(PAC) water vapor, F25.2 codes, S46.6
Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs), Permissible exposure limits (PELs), F10.6 cold springing, S12.23; S46.12
S50.5 Personal environmental control (PEC) computer analysis, A40.11
residential, A1.6 systems, F9.25 copper tube, S46.1
Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S50.5 Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms, expansion, S12.22
residential, A1.6 A18.7 expansion bends, S46.11
PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Phase-change materials, thermal storage of, expansion joints, S46.12
(PAH) S51.15, 25 expansion loops, S46.10, 11
Paint, and moisture problems, F25.17 Photographic materials, A22 fittings, S46.2
Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also processing and printing requirements, A22.1 fluid flow, F3.1
Radiant heating and cooling) storage, A22.1, 3 heat transfer analysis, S12.13
advantages, S6.1 unprocessed materials, A22.1 insulation, F23.13
air-heated/cooled panels, S6.18 Photovoltaic (PV) systems, S36.18. (See also hangers, F23.13
capillary tube mats, S6.7 Solar energy) installation, F23.13
control, S6.19 Physical properties of materials, F33 underground, F23.15
cooling, S6.1 boiling points, F33.1, 2 iron, S46.2
design, S6.6 density joining methods, S46.2
calculations, S6.8 liquids, F33.2 plastic, F22.10; S46.7, 8
disadvantages, S6.2 solids, F33.3 selection, S46.6
electric heating systems, S6.16 vapors, F33.1 sizing, F22
ceiling, S6.16 emissivity of solids, F33.3 ammonia systems capacity tables, R2.9, 10
floor, S6.18 freezing points, F33.2 fittings, F22.1, 7
wall, S6.18 heat of fusion, F33.2 fuel oil, F22.19
heat flux heat of vaporization, F33.2 gas, F22.18
combined, S6.5 solids, F33.3 hydronic systems, F22.6; S13.22
natural convection, S6.3 specific heat insulation and vapor retarders, R2.11
thermal radiation, S6.2 liquids, F33.2 isolated line sections, R2.11
heating, S6.1 solids, F33.3 pressure drop equations, F22.1
hybrid HVAC, S6.1 vapors, F33.1, 2 refrigerant, retail food store refrigeration,
hydronic systems, S6.10 thermal conductivity R15.13
ceiling, S6.13 solids, F33.3 service water, F22.8
design considerations, S6.10 vapors, F33.1 steam, F22.13
distribution and layout, S6.14 viscosity valves, F22.1, 7; R2.8
floor, S6.15 liquids, F33.2 water, F22.5
wall, S6.15 vapors, F33.1 standards, fittings, S46.2
Paper Physiological principles, humans. (See also steel, S46.1
moisture content, A20.2 Comfort) stress calculations, S46.7
photographic, A22.1 adaptation, F9.16 supporting elements, S12.23; S46.8

Piping. (See also Pipes) air filtration, A5.1 freezing, R31.5
boilers, S11.3 air stratification, A5.2 packaging, R31.7
capacity tables, R1.515 arenas, A5.4 processing, R31.1, 4
codes, S46.6 atriums, A5.9 processing plant sanitation, R31.9
cooling towers, S14.2; S40.11 auditoriums, A5.3 recommended environment, A24.8
district heating and cooling concert halls, A5.4 refrigeration, retail, R31.10
distribution system, S12.10 convention centers, A5.5 storage, R31.10
heat transfer, S12.13 exhibition centers, A5.5 tenderness control, R31.10
hydraulics, S12.10 fairs, A5.8 thawing, R31.11
insulation thickness, S12.22 gymnasiums, A5.5 Power-law airflow model, F13.14
leak detection, S12.30 houses of worship, A5.3 Power plants, A27
valve vaults, S12.30 lighting loads, A5.1 buildings
geothermal energy systems, A34.7 mechanical equipment rooms, A5.3 oil pump, A27.9
heat carrying capacity, S13.3 movie theaters, A5.3 oil storage, A27.9
hydronic snow melting, A51.11 natatoriums, A5.6 steam generator, A27.4
insulation, R10.1 playhouses, A5.3 turbine generator, A27.7
radiant panels, hydronic, S6.14 precooling, A5.2 coal-handling facilities, A27.6, 9
refrigerant sound control, A5.1 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.1
ammonia systems, R2.1; R3.6 space conditions, A5.1 combustion turbine areas, A27.8
below-ambient, R10.1 stadiums, A5.4 control center, A27.9
halocarbon systems, R1.1 temporary exhibit buildings, A5.8 cooling, A27.10
heat gain limits, R10.1 vibration control, A5.1 design criteria, A27.1
insulation, R10.1, 4 Planes. See Aircraft evaporative cooling, A52.13
jacketing, R10.7 Planks equation, R20.7 fuel cells, S7.22
pipe preparation, R10.2 Plant environments, A24.10 heating, A27.10
supports and hangers, R10.8 controlled-environment rooms, A24.16 turbines

vapor retarders, R10.7 design, A24.10 combustion, S7.17
service hot water, A50.5 greenhouses, A24.10 steam, S7.24
solar energy, A35.12; S37.3 carbon dioxide enrichment, A24.14 ventilation, A27.4
sound cooling, A24.12 rates, A27.3
control, A48.49 energy conservation, A24.15 PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD)
transmission, A38.24 evaporative cooling, A24.13 Prandtl number, F1.17
standards, S12.24; S46.6 heating, A24.11 Precooling
system identification, F37.10 heat loss calculation, A24.11 buildings, A42.37
systems humidity control, A24.14 flowers, cut, R28.11
ammonia refrigeration, R2.8 photoperiod control, A24.14 fruits and vegetables, load calculation, R28.1
compressor piping, R2.11, 12 shading, A24.13 indirect evaporative, A52.2
condenser and receiver piping, R2.15 site selection, A24.10 places of assembly, A5.2
evaporator piping, R2.18 supplemental irradiance, A24.14 Predicted mean vote (PMV), F36.31
halocarbon refrigeration ventilation, A24.12 comfort, F9.17
capacity tables, R1.39, 1115 other facilities, A24.21 Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.18
compressor, R1.24 photoperiod control, A24.14 Preschools, A7.1
defrost gas supply lines, R1.20 phytotrons, A24.18 Pressure
discharge lines, R1.18 plant growth chambers, A24.16 absolute, F36.13
double hot-gas risers, R1.19 supplemental irradiance, A24.14 aircraft cabins, A12.9, 11, 13, 15
draining prevention, R1.19 Plenums clean spaces, A18.16
evaporator, R1.28 construction, S19.7 differential, F36.13
gas velocity, R1.1 mixing, S4.7 conversion to head, A38.12
hot-gas, R1.20, 34 sound attenuation, A48.18 hospitals, A8.3, 4
insulation, R1.5 stratification in, A38.2 readout, A38.12
liquid cooler, flooded, R1.25, 26 PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV) dynamic, F36.13
location and arrangement, R1.5 Police stations, A9.1 gage, F36.13
minimum gas velocities, R1.19 Pollutant transport modeling. See Contami- measurement, A38.2; F36.13
oil transport up risers, R1.19 nants, indoor, concentration prediction sensors, F7.10
refrigerant feed devices, R1.26 Pollution, air, and combustion, F28.7, 14 smoke control, A53.5, 9
single riser and oil separator, R1.19 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), stairwells, A53.9, 10
vibration and noise, R1.5 F10.6 static control, A47.8; F36.13
solar energy, A35.12; S37.6, 7 Polydimethylsiloxane, F31.13 steam systems, S11.4
steam, S11.3, 5 Ponds, spray, S40.6 units, F36.13
water, S13.6; S15.5 Pope cell, F36.12 vacuum, F36.13
unit heaters, S28.7 Positive positioners, F7.8 Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach
vibration control, A48.49 Potatoes equation)
vibration transmission, A38.24 processed, R40.5 correlations, F1.13
Pitot-static tubes, F36.17 storage, A52.14 district heating and cooling, S12.11
Pitot tubes, A38.2; F36.17 Poultry. (See also Animal environments; pipe sizing, F22.1
Places of assembly, A5 Chickens; Turkeys) in plate heat exchangers, F1.16
air conditioning, A5.2 chilling, R31.1 two-phase fluid flow, F1.13
air distribution, A5.2 decontamination, R31.4 Primary-air systems, S5.10

Printing plants, A20 mixing, S13.8 Radiant time series (RTS) method,
air conditioning, A20.1 motors, S44.14 F18.2, 20
air filtration, A20.4 operation, S44.15 factors, F18.21
binding areas, A20.5 performance, S13.6; S44.4 load calculations, nonresidential, F18.1
collotype printing rooms, A20.4 power, S44.7 Radiation
letterpress areas, A20.2 radial thrust, S44.9 atmospheric, A35.5
lithographic pressrooms, A20.3 selection, S44.10 diffuse, F15.15, 18
paper moisture content control, A20.2 types, S44.2 electromagnetic, F10.22
platemaking rooms, A20.2 variable-speed, S13.8 ground-reflected, F15.15
relief printing areas, A20.2 chilled-water, A42.12, 25, 27 optical waves, F10.23
rotogravure pressrooms, A20.4 sequencing, A42.25, 29 radiant balance, F1.15
salvage systems, A20.4 condenser water, A42.12 radio waves, F10.23
shipping areas, A20.5 as fluid flow indicators, A38.13 solar, A35.3
ink drying, A30.3 geothermal wells, A34.28 thermal, F1.2, 11; S6.1
Prisons, A9.3 lineshaft, A34.6 angle factors, F1.13
Produce submersible, A34.6 blackbody, F1.12
desiccation, R21.1 hydronic snow melting, A51.12 black surface, F1.2
deterioration rate, R21.1 liquid overfeed systems, R4.4 display cases, R15.4
display refrigerators, R15.8 solar energy systems, A35.12 energy transfer, F1.11
Propane systems, water, S13.6; S15.5 exchange between surfaces, F1.14
commercial, F28.5 variable-speed, A42.14, 27 in gases, F1.16
furnaces, residential, S33.10 Purge units, centrifugal chillers, S43.11 gray, F1.2, 13
Propylene glycol, hydronic systems, S13.23 Radiant heating and cooling, A55; S6.1; S15; heat transfer, F1.2
Psychrometers, F1.9 S33.4. (See also Panel heating and cooling) infrared, F15.16
Psychrometrics, F1 applications, A54.8 Kirchoffs law, F1.13
air handlers, S4.4 asymmetry, A54.5 monochromatic emissive power, F1.12

chart, F1.11 beam heating design, A54.4; S16.5 nonblack, F1.12
adiabatic mixing, F1.13 control, A47.4 spectral emissive power, F1.12
heat absorption and moisture gain, F1.14 design, A54.2, 3 transient, F1.8
moist air, cooling and heating, F1.12 direct infrared, A54.1, 4, 8 Radiators, S36.1, 5
thermodynamic properties, F1.10 equations, A54.2 design, S36.3
evaporative cooling systems, A52.1, 10, 17, 18 floor reradiation, A54.5 nonstandard condition corrections, S36.3
humidity parameters, F1.2 infrared, A54.1, 4, 8; S16 types, S36.1
industrial drying, A30.1 beam heater design, S16.5 Radioactive gases, contaminants, F11.19
moist air control, S16.4 Radiometers, A54.7
standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1 efficiency, S16.3 Radon, F10.11, 17, 22
thermodynamic properties, F1.2, 10 electric, S16.2 control, A46.13; F16.21
transport properties, F1.15 energy conservation, S16.1 indoor concentrations, F11.17
viscosity, F1.15 gas-fired, S16.1 Rail cars
perfect gas equations, F1.8 indirect, S16.2 air conditioning, A11.5
water at saturation, thermodynamic properties, maintenance, S16.5 air distribution, A11.7
F1.2 oil-fired, S16.3 heaters, A11.7
PTACs. See Packaged terminal air condition- precautions, S16.4 vehicle types, A11.5
ers (PTACs) reflectors, S16.4 Railroad tunnels, ventilation
PTHPs. See Packaged terminal heat pumps installation, A54.7 design, A15.17
(PTHPs) intensity, S16.1 diesel locomotive facilities, A15.27
Public buildings. See Commercial and public panels, A54.1, 8; S34.4; S36.5 equipment, A15.33
buildings; Places of assembly applications, A54.8 locomotive cooling requirements, A15.17
Pulldown load, R15.5 control, A47.4 tunnel aerodynamics, A15.17
Pumps heating, S34.4 tunnel purge, A15.18
centrifugal, S44 hydronic systems, S36.5 Rain, and building envelopes, F25.4
affinity laws, S44.7 radiation patterns, A54.5 RANS. See Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes
antifreeze effect on, S13.24 snow-melting systems, A51.16 (RANS) equation
arrangement, S44.11 terminology Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit
compound, S13.8 adjusted dry-bulb temperature, A54.1 systems
pumping, S13.7; S44.11 ambient temperature, A54.1 Rayleigh number, F1.19
standby pump, S13.8; S44.12 angle factor, S16.5 RC curves. See Room criterion (RC) curves
standby pump, S13.8; S44.12 effective radiant flux (ERF), Receivers
two-speed motors, S44.13 A54.2; S16.5 ammonia refrigeration systems
casing, S44.2 fixture efficiency, S16.4 high-pressure, R2.3
cavitation, S44.10 mean radiant temperature (MRT), piping, R2.15
commissioning, S44.15 A54.1; S6.1 through-type, R2.16
construction, S44.1 operative temperature, A54.1 halocarbon refrigerant, R1.21
efficiency, best efficiency point (BEP), pattern efficiency, S16.4 liquid overfeed systems, R4.7
S44.7 radiant flux distribution, S16.6 Recycling refrigerants, R9.3
energy conservation, S44.15 radiation-generating ratio, S16.4 Refrigerant/absorbent pairs, F2.15
impellers, trimming, S44.6, 8, 9 test instruments, A54.7 Refrigerant-control devices, R11
installation, S44.15 total space heating, A54.6 air conditioners, S49.6; S50.2

automobile air conditioning, A10.8 flow rate, R1.1 refrigeration systems
capillary tubes, R11.24 hydrolysis, R6.5 condensate drains, R23.9
coolers, liquid, S42.5 refrigeration system practices, R1.1 defrosting, R23.9
heat pumps thermal stability, R6.4 fan-coil units, R23.8
system, S9.7 hydrocarbons multiple installations, R23.10
unitary, S49.10 ethane, F30.4647 unitary, R23.7
lubricant separators, R11.23 ethylene, F30.5455 valves, R23.9
pressure transducers, R11.4 isobutane, F30.5253 sanitation, R21.10
sensors, R11.4 methane, F30.4445 temperature pulldown, R23.15
short-tube restrictors, R11.31 n-butane, F30.5051 vapor retarders, R23.5, 12
switches propane, F30.4849 Refrigeration, F1.1. (See also Absorption)
differential control, R11.2 propylene, F30.5657 absorption cycle, F2.13
float, R11.3 hydrocarbons; R6.4 air coolers, forced-circulation, R14.1
pressure control, R11.1 insulation for piping, R10.1 air transport, R0.3, 5
valves, control leak detection, F29.9; R8.4; R9.2 ammonia systems, R2, R3
check, R11.21 lines compressors, R2.2, 11
condenser pressure regulators, R11.15 oil management, R1.10 controls, R2.7
condensing water regulators, R11.20 sizing, R1.2 converting systems, R2.21
expansion, R11.5, 10, 14 lithium bromide/water, F30.69 equipment, R2.2
float, R11.17 lubricant solutions, R12.8 evaporative condensers, R2.17
pressure relief devices, R11.22 moisture in, R7.1 liquid recirculation (overfeed), R2.22
solenoid, R11.17 performance, F29.8 lubricant management, R2.7
suction pressure regulators, R11.14 phaseout, costs, A37.8 multistage systems, R2.21
Refrigerants, F29.1 piping, R1.1 piping, R2.8
absorption solutions, F30.69 pressure drop safety, R2.27
ammonia, F30.3839; R6.4 discharge lines, R1.5 system selection, R2.1

chemical reactions, R6.5 suction lines, R1.4 two-stage screw compressor, R2.21
refrigeration system practices, R2.1 properties, F29.1; R6.1, 4 valves, R2.9
refrigeration systems, R3.1 electrical, F29.6 vessels, R2.3
ammonia/water, F30.69 global environmental, F29.1 autocascade systems, R48.1
analysis, R6.4 physical, F29.5 azeotropic mixture, F2.6
automobile air conditioning, A10.11 rail car air conditioning, A11.5 beverage plants, R39.11
azeotropic, F2.6 reclamation, R9.4 biomedical applications, R49.1
bakeries, R41.7 removing contaminants, R9.2 breweries, R39.3
carbon dioxide, F30.4243 recovery, R9.3 carbon dioxide systems, R3.1
refrigeration systems, R3.1 recycling, R9.3 cascade systems, R48.5
cascade refrigeration systems, R48.3 safety, F29.9 chemical industry, R46.1, 2, 5
CFC conversion, R12.28 classifications, F29.2 coefficient of performance (COP), F2.3, 14
compatibility with other materials, R6.9 sound velocity, F29.8 compression cycles
elastomers, R6.11 systems Carnot cycle, F2.6, 8
electrical insulation, R6.9 chemistry, R6.1 Lorenz cycle, F2.9
plastics, R6.11 lubricants, R12.1 multistage, F2.10
compositional groups, R6.1 thermodynamic properties, F30.1 zeotropic mixture, F2.10
ammonia, R6.4 thermophysical properties, R3.2 concrete, R45.1
chlorofluorocarbons, R6.1 transport properties, F30 condensers, cascade, R5.1
fluoroethanes, R6.3 water/steam, F30.4041 food
fluoroethers, R6.3 zeotropic, F2.6, 10 eggs and egg products, R34.1
fluoromethanes, R6.3 Refrigerant transfer units (RTU), liquid fish, R32.1
fluoropropanes, R6.3 chillers, S43.11 vegetables, R37.1
hydrocarbons, R6.4 Refrigerated facilities, R23 food processing facilities, R40.1
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, R6.1 air handling and purification, R21.10 banana ripening rooms, R36.5
hydrofluorocarbons, R6.3 automated, R23.4, 15 control of microorganisms, R22.3
computer analysis, A40.16 construction, R23.4 meat plants, R30.1
contaminants in, R7 controlled-atmosphere storage, R23.3 food service equipment, R16
generation by high temperature, controls, R21.10 fruits, fresh, R35.1; R36
R6.9 design halocarbon systems, R1
cryogenic fluids, F30.5867 building configuration, R23.1 accessories, R1.28
effect on materials, F29.9 initial building considerations, R23.1 heat exchangers, R1.28
emissions, R9.1 location, R23.1 lubricant management, R1.10
environmental acceptability, R6.1 shipping and receiving docks, R23.3 refrigerant receivers, R1.23
halocarbons single-story structures, R23.2 subcoolers, R1.29
azeotropic blends, F30.37 specialized storage facilities, R23.3 valves, R1.10
ethane series, F30.1021 stacking arrangement, R23.2 heat reclaim, service water heating, A50.4, 27
methane series, F30.23 utility space, R23.3 ice rinks, R44.1
propane series, F30.25 freezers, R23.10 insulation, R10.1
propylene series, F30.2629 insulation, R23.12 liquid overfeed systems, R4.1
zeotropic blends, F30.3035 load calculations, R24.1 loads, R24.1; R40.3
halocarbons; R6.4 refrigerated rooms, R23.4 low-temperature

autocascade systems, R48.1 calculation, F16.23 vehicle emissions, A15.8
cascade systems, R48.3 climatic infiltration zones, F16.19 ventilation
heat transfer, R48.9 codes, S19.1 air quantities, A15.8, 9
material selection, R48.6 dehumidifiers, A1.5 computer analysis, A15.3
secondary coolants, R48.10 duct construction, S19.5 controls, A15.11
single-refrigerant systems, R48.2 equipment sizing, A1.2 ducts, A15.10
lubricant coolers, R5.2 forced-air systems emergency, A15.1, 9
marine, R26 design, S10.1, 3 enclosed facility, A15.3
fishing vessels, R26.7 distribution design, S10.6 enhancements, A15.8
ships stores, R26.4 ducts, S10.4, 9 equipment, A15.33
refrigerated-facility design, R23.1 furnace, S33.1 hybrid, A15.8
retail food store systems, R15.12 zone control, S10.7 mechanical, A15.5
secondary coolant systems, R13.1 furnaces, S33.1 natural, A15.5
applications, R13.5 gas burners, S31.5 normal air quantities, A15.8
coolant selection, R13.1 heating and cooling systems, A1.1 normal conditions, A15.1
design, R13.2 humidifiers, S10.2; S22.6 pressure evaluation, A15.9
soils, subsurface, R45.3, 4 kitchen ventilation, A33.29 temporary, A15.1
systems materials, S19.1 Roof ponds, Legionella pneumophila control,
charging, factory, R8.4 oil burners, S31.11 A49.7
chemical reactions, R6.4 ventilation, F16.18 Roofs
component balancing, R5.1 water heating, A50.12 U-factors, F27.2
contaminant control, R7.1, 9 Resistance, thermal, F4; F25; F26. (See also Room air distribution, A57; S20.1
copper plating, R6.8 R-values) air terminals, A57.1
dehydration, factory, R8.1 calculation, F1.1 chilled beams, A57.18; S20.9
design balance points, R5.2 contact, F1.8 classification, A57.1; S20.2
energy and mass balance, R5.3 of flat assembly, F25.6 fully stratified, A57.6; S20.3
evaluating system chemistry, R6.11 of flat building components, F25.6 mixed, A57.2; S20.1
moisture in, R8.1 overall, F1.3 occupant comfort, A57.1; S20.1
performance, R5.4 radiant panels, S6.6 occupied zone, A57.1
reactions, R6.7 surface film, F25.6 partially mixed, A57.9; S20.3
testing, factory, R8.4 Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F7.9; Room criterion (RC) curves, F8.16
ultralow-temperature, R48.1 F36.6 Root mean square (RMS), F36.1
wineries, R39.8 Resistivity, thermal, F25.1 Roughness factors, ducts, F21.6
Refrigeration, F1.1. (See also Adsorption) Resource utilization factor (RUF), F34.2 RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices
adsorption cycle, F2.20 Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19.17 (RTDs)
Refrigeration oils, R12. (See also Lubricants) Restaurants RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS)
Refrigerators energy conservation, A33.1 RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU)
commercial kitchen ventilation, A33.1 RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF)
blast, R16.3 service water heating, A50.14, 15, 21 Rusting, of building components, F25.17
energy efficiency, R16.7 Retail facilities, A2 R-values, F23; F25; F26. (See also Resistance,
freezers, R16.3 air conditioning, A2.1 thermal)
temperatures, R16.2 convenience centers, A2.6 zone method of calculation, F27.5, 5
types, R16.1 department stores, A2.5 Safety
cryocoolers, R47.11 design considerations, A2.1 air cleaners, A46.14; S29.10
food service, R16.1 discount and big-box stores, A2.2 automatic controls, A47.18
household, R17.1 load determination, A2.1 burners, S31.1, 2, 19
absorption cycle, R18.8 malls, A2.6 chemical plants, R46.2
cabinets, R17.2 multiple-use complexes, A2.7 cryogenic equipment, R47.28
defrosting, R17.5 refrigeration, R15.1; R16 electrical, A56.1
durability, R17.12 shopping centers, A2.6 filters, air, S29.10
ice makers, R17.2 small stores, A2.1 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S30.29
performance evaluation, R17.9 supermarkets, A2.3 nuclear facilities, A28.1
refrigerating systems, R17.4 refrigerators, R15.1 refrigerants, F29.2, 9
safety, R17.11 service water heating, A50.15 service water heating, A50.10
mortuary, R16.3 Retrofit performance monitoring, A41.4 solar energy systems, A35.24
retail food store Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant thermal insulation and fires, F23.6
display, A2.3; R15.1 control, R7.9 thermal insulation for, F23.2
storage, R15.11 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) UVGI systems, A60.11, S17.6
walk-in, R16.3 equation, F13.3; F24.10 water systems, S15.7
Regulators. (See also Valves) airflow around buildings simulation, F24.11 wood stoves, S34.6
condenser pressure, R11.15 Reynolds number, F3.3 Safety showers, Legionella pneumophila control,
condensing water, R11.20 Rice, drying, A25.9 A49.7
draft, S35.28 RMS. See Root mean square (RMS) Sanitation
pressure, steam, S11.9 Road tunnels, A15.3 food production facilities, R22
suction pressure, R11.14 carbon monoxide control of microorganisms, R22.4
Residential systems, A1 allowable concentrations, A15.9 egg processing, R34.13
air cleaners, S29.8 analyzers and recorders, A15.10, 11 HACCP, R22.4
air leakage, F16.16 computer analysis, A15.3 meat processing, R30.1

poultry processing, R31.9 water heating equipment road tunnels, A15.9
regulations and standards, R22.5 placement, A50.11 smoke dampers, A53.8
refrigerated storage facilities, R21.10 sizing, A50.11, 26, 27 smoke movement
Savings-to-investment-ratio (SIR), A37.11 types, A50.2 buoyancy, A53.3
Scale water quality, A50.9 expansion, A53.3
control, A49.4 SES. See Subway environment simulation HVAC systems, A53.4
humidifiers, S22.5 (SES) program stack effect, A53.2
service water systems, A50.9 Shading wind, A53.3
water treatment, A49.4 devices, indoor, F15.48 stairwells
Schematic design, A58.9 fenestration, F15.2 analysis, A53.9
Schneider system, R23.7 Ships, A13 compartmentation, A53.9
Schools air conditioning open doors, A53.10
air conditioning, A7.3 air distribution, A13.2, 4 pressurization, A53.10, 11
service water heating, A50.22 controls, A13.3, 4 pressurized, A53.9
elementary, A50.15 design criteria, A13.1, 3 zones, A53.11
high schools, A50.15, 20 equipment selection, A13.2, 3 Snow-melting systems, A51
Security. See Chemical, biological, radio- systems, A13.2, 4 back and edge heat losses, A51.7, 8
logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents cargo holds, R26.2 control, A51.10
Seeds, storage, A25.11 cargo refrigeration, R26.1 electric system design
Seismic restraint, A48.51; A55.1 coils, A13.4 constant wattage systems, A51.15
anchor bolts, A55.7 ducts, A13.3 electrical equipment, A51.13
design, A55.1 fish freezing, R26.8 gutters and downspouts, A51.17
design calculations fish refrigeration heat flux, A51.13
examples, A55.814 icing; R26.7, R32.1 idling, A51.18
static analysis, A55.2, 3 refrigerated seawater, R26.8, R32.2 heating elements, A51.13
duct construction, S19.10 merchant, A13.1 infrared systems, A51.16

dynamic analysis, A55.2 naval surface, A13.3 installation, A51.16
installation problems, A55.14 refrigerated stores, R26.4 mineral insulated cable, A51.13
snubbers, A55.8 refrigeration systems, R26.1 free area ratio, A51.1
terminology, A55.2 regulatory agencies, A13.3 freeze protection systems, A51.10, 17
weld capacities, A55.8 Short-tube restrictors, R11.31 heat balance, A51.1
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.10 heating requirement
F10.4, 12; F11.14 SIR. See Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) annual operating data, A51.8
Sensors Skating rinks, R44.1 heat flux equations, A51.2
automatic controls, F7.8, 10 Skylights, and solar heat gain, F15.27 hydronic and electric, A51.1
location, A47.21 Slab heating, A51 load frequencies, A51.3
Separators, lubricant, R11.23 Slab-on-grade foundations, A44.11 surface size, A51.7
Service water heating, A50 SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR) transient heat flux, A51.7
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 Smoke management, A53 weather data, A51.3
commercial and institutional, A50.13 acceptance testing, A53.18 wind speed, A51.7
corrosion, A50.9 atriums, A53.12 hydronic system design
design considerations, A50.4 computer analysis, A53.12, 13 components, A51.10
distribution system design controls, A51.13
for commercial kitchens, A50.8 door-opening forces, A53.6 fluid heater, A51.12
manifolding, A50.9 flow areas, A53.6 heat transfer fluid, A51.10
piping, A50.5 open doors, A53.8 piping, A51.11
pressure differential, A50.5 pressure differences, A53.8 pump selection, A51.12
return pump sizing, A50.7 weather data, A53.8 thermal stress, A51.13
two-temperature service, A50.8 elevators, A53.11 operating costs, A51.10
geothermal energy, A34.9 hospitals, A8.5 slab design, hydronic and electric, A51.8
indirect, A50.3, 28 large open spaces snow detectors, A51.10
industrial, A50.24 plugholing, A53.16 Snubbers, seismic, A55.8
Legionella pneumophila, A50.10 plume, A53.13 Sodium chloride brines, F31.1
pipe sizing, F22.8 prestratification layer, A53.16 Soft drinks, R39.10
requirements, A50.11 smoke filling, A53.13, 14 Soils. (See also Earth)
residential, A50.12 steady clear height and upper layer exhaust, stabilization, R45.3, 4
safety, A50.10 A53.14 temperature calculation, S12.14
scale, A50.9 steady fire, A53.13 thermal conductivity, F26.18; S12.12
sizing water heaters unsteady fire, A53.13, 14 Solar energy, A35; S37.1 (See also Solar heat
instantaneous and semi-instantaneous, zone fire models, A53.13 gain; Solar radiation)
A50.26 methods active systems, A35.16, 17, 19
refrigerant-based, A50.27 airflow, A53.5 airflow, A35.25
storage heaters, A50.11, 16 buoyancy, A53.6 collectors, A35.5, 6, 11, 25; S37.3
solar energy, A35.13, 18, 25; A50.4 compartmentation, A53.4, 9 array design, S37.7
steam, S11.1 dilution near fire, A53.5 concentrating, A35.8
system planning, A50.2 pressurization, A53.5, 9, 10 construction, S37.6
terminology, A50.1 remote dilution, A53.4 design and installation, A35.25
thermal storage, S51.16 rapid-transit systems, A15.13 efficiency, A35.10

flat plate, A35.5 time, A35.1, 3 ceiling sound transmission, A48.38
module design, S37.6 types, S37.14 chillers, A48.15
mounting, A35.23 uses, A35.25 clean spaces, A18.19
performance, A35.9; S37.8 Solar heat gain, F15; F18.14 combustion turbines, S7.22
selection, S37.10 calculation, F15.17, 28 cooling towers, S40.14
testing, S37.10 coefficient, F15.17 data reliability, A48.1
types, S37.3 residential load calculations, F17.9 design, A48.8, 38; F8.15
constant, A35.1 roof overhangs, F15.29 ducts, A48.12; S19.7
control, A35.24, 26; S37.17 skylights, F15.27 sound attenuation, A48.18; F8.13
automatic temperature, S37.17 Solar-load ratio (SLR), A35.21 enclosures, F8.13
differential temperature, S37.17 Solar-optical glazing, F15.13 engines, S7.15
hot-water dump, S37.18 Solar radiation, F14.7; F15.17 engine test facilities, A17.4
overtemperature protection, S37.18 calculation of, on surfaces of various equipment sound levels, A48.8
cooling systems, A35.15, 18, 26 orientations, F14.10 fans, A48.10
absorption refrigeration, A35.18; S37.4, 10 clear-sky, F14.8 fume hood duct design, A48.34
sizing, A35.19 daylighting, F15.1 hotels and motels, A6.8
types, A35.15 flux, F15.29 insertion loss, A48.21
design, installation, operation checklist, optical properties, F15.15 justice facilities, A9.5, 6
A35.25 Solid fuel mechanical equipment rooms, A48.35
design values, solar irradiation, A35.4 burners, S31.16 noise criterion (NC) curves, F8.16
domestic hot water, A35.13, 25 coal, F28.8 outdoor equipment, A48.33
equipment, S37.1 coke, F28.11 piping, A48.49, 50
freeze protection, A35.24; S37.2, 19 Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A30.7 places of assembly, A5.1
heat exchangers, A35.12; S37.15 Soot, F28.17 return air system sound transmission, A48.37
external, S37.16 Sorbents, F32.1 rooftop air handlers, A48.11
freeze protection, S37.19 Sorption isotherm, F25.10, F26.19 room criterion (RC) curves, F8.16
internal, S37.16 Sound, F8. (See also Noise) room sound correction, A48.31
performance, S37.17 air outlets, S20.2 standards, A48.54
requirements, S37.15 attenuators, A48.18 terminology, F8.11
heating systems, A35.16; S51.2 bandwidths, F8.4 troubleshooting, A38.19; A48.52
active, A35.16, 17 combustion, F28.17 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A48.10
air, S37.2, 8, 11 compressors, A48.15 Soybeans, drying, A25.6
components, A35.11 computerized analysis, A40.11 Specific heat
control, A35.12 cooling towers, S40.13 equation, F2.5
design, S37.1 ducts, A48.12 foods, R19.7
direct circulation, A35.14; S37.2 loudness, F8.14 liquids, F33.2
hybrid, A35.16 measurement, F36.27 materials, F33.1
indirect, A35.14; S37.2 basics, F8.5 Spot cooling
integral collector storage systems, A35.15; instrumentation, A38.18; F8.4 evaporative, A52.12
S37.3 level meter, F8.4 industrial environments, A31.3, 6; A52.12
liquid, S37.2, 7, 11 power, F8.2 makeup air units, S28.8
passive, A35.16 pressure, F8.1 mines, A29.10
pool heating, A35.15 speed, F8.2 Spot heating, A54.4
recirculation, A35.15 terminology Stack effect
residential, A1.4 bandwidths, F8.8 duct design, F21.2
sizing, A35.19 controlling, F8.11 multizone airflow modeling, F13.14
thermosiphon, A35.13 decibel, F8.1 smoke movement, A53.2
heat pump systems, S9.4 frequency, F8.2 Stadiums, A5.4
hybrid systems, A35.16 frequency spectrum, F8.15 Stairwells, smoke control, A53.9
hydraulics, A35.25 intensity, F8.2 Standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1
installation, A35.23 level, F8.1 Standards, F39. (See also Codes)
irradiation, A35.4; F14.7 loudness, F8.14 air cleaners, S29.3, 4
maintenance, A35.24 pressure, F8.1 air conditioners, S49
overheat protection, A35.24 quality, F8.14 packaged terminal, S50.7
passive systems, A35.16, 21 wavelength, F8.2 room, S50.4
photovoltaic (PV) systems, A35.26; S37.19 testing, A38.18 unitary, S49.5, 6
quality and quantity, A35.1 time averaging, F8.4 air distribution, A57.1
radiation at earths surface, A35.3, 4 transmission, A38.19 boilers, S32.6
safety, A35.24 humidity affecting, S22.2 chilled-beam system, A57.18
service water heating systems, A35.13, 18, 25; paths, F8.9 chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, S35.27, 32
A50.4; S51.2 troubleshooting, A38.20 condensers, S39
sizing heating and cooling systems, A35.19 typical sources, F8.10 evaporative, S39.18
solar-combi systems, S37.1 unit heaters, S28.6 water-cooled, S39.7
spectrum, A35.3 Sound control, A48; F8. (See also Noise) coolers, liquid, S42.4
start-up procedure, A35.24 acoustical design of HVAC systems, A48.1 data processing, A19.16
thermal storage systems, A35.11, 25 air handlers, S4.9 dehumidifiers, room, S25.3
short circuiting, S37.14 A-weighted sound level (dBA), F8.16 duct construction, S19.1
sizing, S37.14 barriers, A48.33; F8.11 commercial, S19.6

industrial, S19.8 return, S11.3, 6 Stratification
residential, S19.5 sizing, F22.13 of air
electrical, A56.15 supply, S11.3, 5, 12 in places of assembly, A5.2
filters, air, S29.3, 4 terminal equipment, S11.6 in plenums, A38.2
furnaces, S33.11 temperature control, S11.13 of water, in thermal storage tanks, S51.4
heaters, S34.6, 7 terminal equipment Stroboscopes, F36.27
heat pumps, S49 forced-convection, S11.11 Subcoolers
packaged terminal, S50.7 natural convection, S11.11; S36.1 condensers, S39
unitary, S49.5, 6 piping design, S11.6 evaporative, S39.17
water-source, S49.11 radiant panel, S11.11 water-cooled, S39.5
indoor air quality (IAQ), F10.12 traps, S11.7 two-stage, R1.29
liquid chillers, S43.5 turbines, S7.24 Subway environment simulation (SES)
makeup air units, S28.9 two-pipe systems, S11.12 program, A15.3
motors, S45.2, 14 unit Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit
nuclear facilities, A28.12 heaters, S28.4 systems)
pipe fittings, S46.2 ventilators, S28.1 car air conditioning, A11.5
piping, S12.24; S46.6 valves station air conditioning, A15.14
sound control, A48.54 pressure-reducing, S11.9 ventilation, A15.11
tall buildings, A4.14 safety, S11.9 Suction risers, R2.26
ventilation, F16.18 temperature control, S11.13 Sulfur content, fuel oils, F28.7
vibration control, A48.54 water, effects of, S11.2 Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47.5
Standards, S52. (See also Codes) Steam traps, S11.7 Supervisory control, A42
Static electricity and humidity, Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F1.2, 12 air-handling systems
S22.2 Stevens law, F12.3 air distribution, A42.1
Steam Stirling cycle, R47.14 sequencing, A42.35
quality, S11.2 Stokers, S31.16 set point reset, A42.36

sources, S11.2 Storage building temperature set point
testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.15 apples, A52.14; R35.1, 3 night setback recovery, A42.36
thermophysical properties, F30.4041 controlled-atmosphere, R35.1, 3 precooling, A42.37
Steam systems, S11 bakery ingredients, R41.1 chilled-water pumps, A42.12, 25, 27
air, effects of, S11.2 candy, R42.5 chillers
boilers, S11.3; S32.1 carbon dioxide, R39.12 load distribution, A42.30
classification, S11.2 citrus, A52.14; R36.3 sequencing, A42.29, 32
coils, air-heating, S27.1 cold, facility design, R23.1 computerized, A40.17
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, compressed gases, A16.8 cooling tower fans, A42.14, 21
S7.43 controlled-atmosphere (CA), R23.3 cool thermal storage systems, A42.38
combined steam and water, S11.15 cryogenic fluids, R47.26 ice storage control optimization, A42.8
condensate removal, S11.6 desiccant dehumidification, S24.8 forecasting energy requirements, A42.40
drainage and return, S12.11 high-pressure, S24.11 optimization methods, A42.5
drip stations, S12.11 design, refrigerated-facility, R23.1 Supply air outlets, S20.1. (See also Air outlets)
return pipes, S12.24 eggs, R34.5 Surface effect. See Coanda effect
convection heating, S11.11 farm crops, A25.9 Surface transportation
design, S11.2; S36.3 fish automobiles, A10.1
piping, S11.5 fresh, R32.3 buses, A11.2
pressure, S11.4 frozen, R32.7 fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.7
distribution, S11.12 flowers, cut, R21.12 rail cars, A11.5
district heating and cooling, S12.23 food, canned or dried, R21.11 Surface water heat pump (SWHP), A34.12
valve vaults, S12.30 fruit heat exchanger, S49.10
district heating and cooling, S12.5, 24, 35 dried, R42.7 Sustainability, F16.1; F35.1; S49.2
flash steam, S11.14 fresh, R35.1 and air, noise, and water pollution, F35.3
percentage, S11.2 furs and fabrics, R21.11 chimney, S35.1
flash tank, S11.15 ice, R43.4 chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production, F35.4
gas, effects of, S11.2 meat products, frozen, R30.16 climate change, F35.4
generator buildings, A27.4 milk, R33.4 design process, F35.5
heat exchangers, S11.3 nursery stock, R21.12 energy resources, F35.2, 5
heating, A49.11 nuts, R42.7 factors impacting, F35.2
heat recovery photographic materials, A22.3, 4 global warming, F35.4
direct recovery, S11.15 unprocessed, A22.1 and green design, F35.1
flash steam, S11.14 potatoes, A52.14 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, F35.4
waste heat boilers, S11.3 poultry products, R31.10 infiltration, F16.1
makeup air units, S28.8 refrigerated-facility design, R23.1 in integrated building design, A58.3
one-pipe systems, S11.12; 1993Fundamentals, seeds, A25.11; R21.13 material resources, F35.3
Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See explanation on tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2 ozone, F35.4
first page of index.) vegetables, R37.3 renewable energy, F35.2
piping dried, R42.7 and solid and liquid waste disposal, F35.3
distribution, S11.5 wine, R39.10 standards of care, F35.4
Hartford loop, S11.3 wood products, A26.2 unitary systems, S49.2
inlet orifices, S11.13 Stoves, heating, S34.5 ventilation, F16.1

water use, F35.3 fan-coil, S5.6 energy audit field survey, A38.17
SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) fan-powered, A47.12; S4.16; S20.8 fluid flow measurement, A38.11
SVOCs. See Semivolatile organic compounds humidifiers, S4.17 HVAC systems, A38.1
(SVOCs) induction, A47.14; S4.16 hydronic systems, A38.6
SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP) induction units, S5.10 heat transfer vs. flow, A38.6, 7
Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums) radiant floor heat, S5.9 water-side balancing
dehumidifiers, S25.5 radiant panels, S5.9 instrumentation, A38.8
solar heating, A35.15 reheat, S20.8 proportional method, A38.9
water chemistry, A5.7 steam systems, S11.11 rated differential method, A38.10
water heating for, A50.23 throttling, S4.16 sizing balancing valves, A38.8
Swine, recommended environment, A24.7 unit ventilators, S5.6 temperature difference method, A38.9
Symbols, F37 variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.16 total heat transfer method, A38.10
Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5 Terminology, R50 induction systems, A38.5
Tachometers, F36.27 Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- instruments, A38.3
Tall buildings, A4 logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents sound transmission problems, A38.19, 24
codes, A4.14 TES. See Thermal energy storage (TES) steam distribution systems, A38.15
HVAC design process, A4.3 Testing temperature controls, A38.16
hydrostatic considerations, A4.11 air cleaners, A46.16; S29.3 terminology, A38.1
life safety, A4.14 air conditioners, packaged terminal, S50.7 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A38.6
low-temperature air VAV systems, A4.5 air leakage, fan pressurization, F16.14 TETD/TA. See Total equivalent temperature
refrigeration machine location, A4.11 clean spaces, A18.7 differential method with time averaging
reverse stack effect, A4.1 compressors (TETD/TA)
stack effect, A4.1 centrifugal, S38.32 TEWI. See Total equivalent warming impact
elevator doors, A4.2 positive-displacement, S38.5 (TEWI)
heating problems, A4.2 condensers, S39 Textile processing plants, A21
manual doors, A4.2 evaporative, S39.18 air conditioning design

minimizing, A4.2 water-cooled, S39.7 air cleaning, A21.5, 7
smoke and odor propagation, A4.2 cooling towers, A38.15; S40.18 air distribution, A21.6
standards, A4.14 desiccant dehumidification for, S24.10, 12 collector systems, A21.5
system selection, A4.4 duct efficiency, S10.9 health considerations, A21.7
underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems, fans, S21.2 energy conservation, A21.7
A4.5 filters, air, S29.3 fabric making, A21.3
vertical transportation, A4.13 heaters, S34.7 fiber making, A21.1
water distribution systems, A4.11 heat pumps yarn making, A21.2
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2 packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs), TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM)
Temperature S50.7 Theaters, A5.3
ambient, A54.1 water-source, S49.11 Thermal bridges, F25.8
changeover, S5.12, 13 industrial exhaust systems, A32.9 Thermal comfort. See Comfort
dew-point, F1.8, 9 radiant heating system, A54.7 Thermal emittance, F25.2
dry-bulb, adjusted, A54.1 refrigeration systems Thermal energy storage (TES), S8.5, S51
effective, A52.10; F9.21 compressor, R8.5 Thermal properties, F26.1
humid operative, F9.21 leak detection, R8.4 air spaces, F26.12
mean radiant, A54.1; F9.10; F36.31; S6.1 performance testing, R8.5 of food, R19
measurement, F36.4 refrigerators, household, R17.9 insulation materials, F26.1
odors affected by, F12.2 smoke control systems, A53.18 safety, F26.12
operative, A54.1 solar collectors, S37.10 Thermal resistivity, F25.1
plane radiant, F9.11; F36.31 sound Thermal storage, S51
radiant asymmetry, F9.11 instrumentation, A38.18 applications, S51.21
sensors, F7.9 procedure, A38.19 benefits, S51.3
sol-air, F18.22 transmission problems, A38.19, 24 building mass, S51.18
and task performance, F9.13 vibration combined heat and power (CHP), S7.39
vertical differences, F9.15 equipment, A38.22 controls, S51.1
wet-bulb, F1.8, 9; F9.22 instrumentation, A38.21 sequence, S51.28
wet-globe, F9.22 isolators, A38.21; A48.52 strategies, A42.37
wind chill index, F9.23 piping transmission, A38.24 cool storage, A42.38; S51.1, 22
Temperature-controlled transport, procedure, A38.21 district cooling, S51.21
R25.1 Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also district heating, S51.7
Temperature index, S22.3 Balancing) district heating and cooling, S12.8
Terminal units, A47.12; S20.8 air diffusers, A38.2 electrically charged storage, S51.16
air distribution, S4.15 air distribution systems, A38.3 brick storage heaters, S51.16
boxes reporting results, A38.6 central furnace, S51.18
reheat, A47.13; S4.15 airflow measurement, A38.2 heat pump boosters, S51.18
variable-air-volume (VAV), A48.11 balancing procedure, A38.5 room units, S51.16
bypass, S20.9 central plant chilled-water systems, A38.14 underfloor heat, S51.18
ceiling, S20.8 cooling towers, A38.15 water heaters, S51.16, 18
chilled beams, S5.7 design considerations, A38.1 equipment
constant volume, S4.15 dual-duct systems, A38.4 cooling, S51.4
dual-duct, S20.8 duct design, F21.18 heating, S51.16

heat storage, S51.1, 16 infrared combustion, S7.17, 46; S8.1
ice, R43.3 radiometers, A54.7; F36.9 Brayton cycle, S7.18
ice storage, S51.1, 2 thermography, F36.9 components, S7.18
charging and discharging, A42.38 liquid-in-glass, F36.5 controls, S7.22
control optimization, A42.8 resistance dual-shaft, S7.19
encapsulated ice, S51.2, 13, 15 semiconductors, F36.7 emissions, S7.22
harvesting system, S51.2, 6, 14 temperature devices (RTDs), evaporative cooling applications, S7.20;
ice on coil, S51.1, 9, 12 F36.6 S8.3
piping, S51.25 thermistors, F36.7 exhaust gas systems, S7.21
slurries, S51.15 thermocouples, F36.7 fuels, S7.19
industrial refrigeration, S51.22 Thermopile, F7.4; F36.9; R45.4 heat recovery, S7.37
insulation, S51.6 Thermosiphons inlet cooling, S8
latent energy change, S51.2 heat exchangers, S26.16 instruments, S7.22
media, S51.2, 4 solar energy systems, A35.13 lubrication, S7.21
mission-critical operations, S51.22 Thermostats maintenance, S7.22
off-peak, heating, S51.16 heater control, S34.2, 4 noise control, S7.22
operation, S51.28 heating/cooling, F7.11 performance, S7.19
phase-change materials, S51.2, 15, 25 location, A47.21 single-shaft, S7.18
piping, ice storage, S51.25 types, F7.11 split-shaft, S7.19
process cooling, S51.22 Three-pipe distribution, S5.5 starting systems, S7.21
retrofits, S51.17 Tobacco smoke thermal output, S7.33
solar energy systems, A35.11, 16, 25; S37.3, contaminants, A46.2, 8, 10; F11.2, 18 engine test facilities, gas, A17.3
11; S51.2 environmental (ETS), F10.6 expansion, S7.31; S43.1
system sizing, S51.22 Tollbooths fogging, S8.4
terminology, S51.1 air quality criteria, A15.26 gas, S7.18
water storage, S51.4, 32 ventilation, A15.27, 33 evaporative cooling, A52.13

aquifers, S51.6 Total equivalent temperature differential hybrid, S8.6
performance, S51.5 method with time averaging (TETD/TA), microturbines, S7.17
tank insulation, S37.13; S51.6 F18.49 steam
temperature range, S51.4 Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), applications, S7.46
thermal stratification, S51.4, 5 R6.1 axial flow, S7.24
water heaters, S51.16, 18 Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also heat recovery, S7.37
water systems, medium- and high-temperature, Cargo containers) maintenance, S7.30
S15.7 Transducers, pneumatic pressure, F7.10 wet compression, S8.4
water treatment, S51.6 Transfer function method (TFM), A40.9; wetted media, S8.4
Thermal transmission data, F26 F18.49 Turbochargers, heat recovery, S7.34
Thermistors, R11.4 Transmittance, thermal, F25.2 Turbulence modeling, F13.3
Thermodynamics, F2.1 of flat building component, F25.7 identification, F13.10
absorption refrigeration cycles, F2.13 thermal bridging, F25.8 Turbulent flow, fluids, F3.3
bubble point, F2.6 Transmitters, pneumatic pressure, F7.10 Turndown ratio, design capacity, S13.4
compressed liquid, F2.2 Transpiration, R19.19 Two-node model, for thermal comfort, F9.18
compression refrigeration cycles, F2.6 Transportation centers Two-pipe systems, S5.5; S13.19
cooling and freezing of foods, R20.1 commercial and public buildings, A3.6 air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13
cycle, F2.2 ventilation, A15.11, 23 central ventilation, S5.12
dew point, F2.6 Transport properties of refrigerants, F30 changeover temperature, S5.13
dry saturated vapor, F2.2 Traps chilled-water, S13.19
enthalpy, F2.5 ammonia refrigeration systems electric heat, S5.15
entropy, F2.5 liquid, R2.18 nonchangeover design, S5.14
equations of state, F2.4 liquid level indicators, R2.5 steam convection heating, S11.12
laws, F2.2 purge units, R2.6 zoning, S5.14
liquid, F2.2 suction accumulator, R2.4 U.S. Marshal spaces, A9.5
multicomponent systems, F2.5 vertical suction, R2.4 U-factor
principles, F2.1 steam systems, S11.7 center-of-glass, F15.3
process, F2.2 thermostatic, S11.7 doors, F15.11; F27.7
properties, F2.2 Trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo edge-of-glass, F15.3
calculation, F2.5 containers) fenestration products, F15.6
zeotropic mixture, F2.10 Tuning automatic control systems, F7.18 of flat building assembly, F25.7
pure substance, F2.2 Tunnels, vehicular, A15.1 frame, F15.3
of refrigerants, F30 fires, A15.3 thermal transmittance, F15.3
refrigeration cycle analysis, F2.3 railroad, A15.16 windows, F27.7
saturated liquid or vapor, F2.2 rapid transit, A15.11 Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S29.6;
subcooled liquid, F2.2 road, A15.3 S30.3
superheated vapor, F2.2 Turbines, S7 Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems, S17
terminology, F2.1 benefits, S8.2 in-duct airstream disinfection, A60.7
vapor, F2.2 chiller systems, S8.5 lamps, A60.1; S17.1, 3
Thermometers, F36.5 absorption, S8.5 germicidal, A60.4; S17.3
black globe, A54.7 mechanical, S8.5 maintenance, A60.12; S17.6
error sources, F36.5 thermal energy storage (TES), S8.5 photodegradation, S17.5

safety, A60.11; S17.6 friction losses, F22.1, 7 pulse width modulation, S45.13
surface disinfection, A60.10 geothermal energy, A34.7 transistors, S45.12
terminology, S17.1 halocarbon refrigeration systems voltage waveform distortion, S45.15
upper-air, A60.10 equivalent lengths, R1.10 Variable refrigerant flow (VRF),
Ultraviolet air and surface treatment, A60 float control, R1.26 S18.1; S49.1, 13
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), hydronic systems applications, S18.2
S16.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp control, S13.15 life-cycle analysis tools, S18.3
systems] safety relief, S13.20 life-cycle operating costs, S18.3
in-duct airstream disinfection, A60.7 manual, S47.3 multisplit system, S18.2
systems, A60.7 selection, S47.3 system design example, S18.8
terminology, A60.3 materials, S47.1 VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
Uncertainty analysis multiple-purpose, S47.10 Vegetables, R37
measurement, A41.13, 14; F36.3 noise, S47.2 air transport, R0.1
statistical regression, A41.14 pressure drop, F22.1, 7 cooling, R28.1
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems, pressure-reducing makeup water, S47.12 deterioration rate, R21.1
A4.5; A57.9 pressure relief, S47.11 display refrigerators, R15.8
Unitary systems, S49 safety, R11.22 dried, storage, R42.7
floor-by-floor systems, S2.7 ratings, S47.1 frozen, R40.3
heat pumps, S2.3; S49.1, 8, 10 refrigerant control, R11.4 misters and Legionella pneumophila control,
outdoor equipment, S2.8 regulating and throttling, R11.11 A49.7
self-contained, S2.7 safety, S47.11 refrigeration, R37.1
split systems, S2.6; S49.1 solar energy systems, A35.12 storage, R37.3
through-the-wall, S2.3 solenoid, R11.17; S47.6 thermal properties, R19.1
window-mounted, S2.3 steam system, S11.9, 13 transport, R37.2
Unit heaters. See Heaters stop-check, S47.13 Vehicles
Units and conversions, F38.1 suction pressure regulating, R11.14 ac- or dc-powered, transit, A11.5
Unit ventilators, S28.1 thermostatic, S11.13; S47.11 design, R25.1
Utility interfacing, electric, S7.43 water hammer, S47.2 equipment attachment provisions, R25.3
UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems zone control, S11.13 sanitation, R25.3
UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Vaporization systems, S8.6 temperature-controlled, R25.1
(UVGI) liquefied natural gas (LNG), S8.6 use, R25.10
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28.9 Vapor pressure, F27.8; F33.2 Vena contracta, F3.4
Validation, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 Vapor retarders, jackets, F23.12 Vending machines, R16.5
Valves, S46. (See also Regulators) Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems Ventilation, F16
actuators, S47.5 all-air age of air, F16.4
ammonia refrigeration systems dual-duct, S4.12 air change effectiveness, F16.5
control, R2.9 single-duct, S4.11 aircraft, A12.6, 15
float control, R2.20 control, A42.1, 3, 36 air exchange rate, F16.3, 12
relief, R2.10 diversity, A38.5 airflow, F16.3
solenoid, R2.10 dual-duct systems, S4.12 animal environments, A24.5
stop, R2.9 duct static pressure control, A47.8 bus garages, A15.21
authority, S47.8 fan bus terminals, A15.23
automatic, S47.4 selection, A48.10 cargo containers, R25.5
actuators, S47.5 sequencing, A47.9 climatic infiltration zones, F16.19
applications, S47.9 unstable operation, A47.9 dilution, A31.2; A46.6
control, F7.4; S47.6 humidity control, S22.11 displacement; S4.14
expansion, S23.2 museums, galleries, archives, and libraries, driving mechanisms, F16.12
flow characteristics, S47.8 A23.19 effectiveness, F16.5
sizing, S47.8 pressure-dependent systems, A38.4 engine test facilities, A17.1
types, S47.6 pressure-independent systems, A38.4 forced, F16.1
backflow-prevention devices, S47.13 single-duct, S4.11 garages, residential, F16.20
balancing, S47.9 sound control, A48.10 gaseous contaminant control, A46.6
sizing, A38.8 static pressure control, A38.4 greenhouses, A24.12
body styles, S47.3 static pressure reset, A42.36 health care facilities, A8.1
cavitation, S47.2 system types, A38.5 hospitals, A8.2
check, R11.21; S47.12 terminal boxes, A47.13; A48.11 nursing facilities, A8.14
compressors, reciprocating, S38.10 testing, adjusting, balancing, A38.4 outpatient, A8.14
condensing-pressure-regulating, R11.15 variable-speed drives, S45.12 hybrid, F16.14
constant-pressure expansion, R11.14 versus constant air volume (CAV), A16.12 indoor air quality (IAQ), F16.10
control valves, F3.8 Variable-frequency drives, S45.12 industrial environments, A31
coefficient, F3.9 and bearing currents, S45.9 exhaust systems, A32.1
discharge bypass, R11.16 carrier frequencies, S45.15 kitchens, A33
expansion conductor impedance, S45.13 laboratories, A16.8
constant-pressure, R11.11, 14 control, S45.9, 12 latent heat load, F16.11; F17.7
electric, R11.10 generator-powered, S45.16, 17 leakage function, F16.15
thermostatic, R11.5 harmonic disturbances, S45.15 mechanical, F16.1; F24.7
float control, R11.17 motors, S45.14 mines, A29
flow coefficient, S47.2, 9 impedance, S45.13 multiple spaces, F16.28

natatoriums, A5.6 places of assembly, A5.1 indirect, A50.3, 28
natural resonance, A48.53 instantaneous, A50.3, 26
airflow, F16.1, 12 seismic restraint, A48.51; A55.1 oil-fired, A50.2
guidelines, F16.14 standards, A48.54 placement, A50.11
stack effect, F16.13 troubleshooting, A38.22; A48.52 refrigeration heat reclaim, A50.4, 27
wind, F16.13; F24.7 Viral pathogens, F10.8 semi-instantaneous, A50.4, 26
nuclear facilities, A28.4 Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat sizing, A50.11, 26, 27
odor dilution, F12.5 release rate, A29.3 solar energy, A50.4
power plants, A27.4 Viscosity, F3.1 storage, A50.2, 3, 11
railroad tunnels, A15.16 fuel oils, F28.6 terminology, A50.1
rapid-transit systems, A15.11 lubricants, R12.5 usable hot-water storage, A50.10
residential, F16.18 modeling, F13.10 waste heat recovery, A50.4
road tunnels, A15.3, 5 moist air, F1.15 Water/lithium bromide absorption
roof ventilators, A31.4 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), F10.11 components, R18.1
security concerns, A59.7 contaminants, A46.2 control, R18.6
sensible heat load, F16.11; F17.7 Voltage, A56.1 double-effect chillers, R18.3
ships, A13.1 imbalance, S45.1 maintenance, R18.7
standards, F16.18 utilization, S45.1 operation, R18.6
terminology, F16.1 Volume ratio, compressors single-effect chillers, R18.2
thermal loads, F16.11 rotary vane, S38.14 single-effect heat transformers, R18.3
tollbooths, A15.26 single-screw, S38.16 terminology, R18.1
wind effect on, F24.7 twin-screw, S38.21 Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S2.4;
Ventilators VRF. See Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) S49.10
roof, A31.4 VRT. See Virgin rock temperature (VRT) Water systems, S13
unit Walls air elimination, S13.21
capacity, S28.3 glass block, F15.27 antifreeze, S13.23

control, A47.15; S28.3 masonry construction, F27.4 precautions, S13.24
location, S28.1 steel frame construction, F27.4 capacity control, S13.13
selection, S28.1 wood-frame construction, F27.3 chilled-water, S13.1, 17
types, S28.1 Warehouses, A3.8 combined heat and power (CHP)
Venting Water distribution, S7.44
furnaces, S33.2 boiler thermal models, F19.12 district heating and cooling, S12.24, 37
gas appliances, S35.18 coils, S23.2 closed, S13.1, 2; S15.1
oil-fired appliances, S35.19 air-heating, S27.2 components, S13.2
Verification, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 coolers, R39.11 condenser water, S14.1
Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, distribution, S3.6; S13.10; S15.5 closed, S14.4
R2.3 central plants, S12.9 once-through, S14.1
Vibration, F8.17 district heating and cooling, S12.23 open cooling tower, S14.1
compressors filtration, A49.7 overpressure precautions, S14.4
centrifugal, S38.34 hammer, F22.6 systems, S14.1
positive-displacement, S38.5 pipe stress, S12.10 water economizer, S14.3
scroll, S38.26 heating control valve sizing, S13.15
single-screw, S38.18 geothermal energy systems, A34.9 Darcy-Weisbach equation, S44.5
critical speeds, S21.10 solar energy systems, A35.13 district heating and cooling, S12.5
health effects, F10.19 water treatment for, A49.10 dual-temperature (DTW), S13.1, 19
measurement, F36.29 humidifier supply, S22.5 equipment layout, S13.22
instrumentation, A38.21 properties, A49.1; S15.2 expansion tanks
testing, A38.20 refrigerant, F30.4041 functions of, S13.4, 11
Vibration control, A48 in refrigerant systems. See Moisture, in sizing equations, S13.5
air handlers, S4.9 refrigerant systems fill water, S13.20
clean spaces, A18.19 systems, pipe sizing, F22.5 four-pipe, S13.19
criteria, A48.43 thermal storage systems, S51.4, 16, 32 freeze prevention, S13.23
data reliability, A48.1 use and sustainability, F35.3 hot-water
ducts, A48.51 vapor (See also Moisture) boilers, S32.1
engines, S7.15 control, F25.2 combined heat and power (CHP)
equipment vibration, A38.22 flow, F25.12 distribution, S7.44
analysis, A38.22 resistance, F25.2 district heating and cooling, S12.36
fans, S21.11 retarders, F26.6; R10.7; R23.5, 12; S22.2 high-temperature (HTW), S13.1
floor flexibility, A48.53 terminology, F25.2 loads, S13.2
isolators transmission, F26.12 low-temperature (LTW), S13.1
noise, A48.41 Water heaters design considerations, S36.3
resonance, A48.53 blending injection, A50.4 heating systems, S13.16
specifications, A48.44 boilers (indirect), A50.28 loads, S13.2
testing, A38.21; A48.52 circulating tank, A50.4 nonresidential, S13.16
piping combination, A50.4 terminal equipment, S36.1
connectors, A48.50 electric, A50.3 medium- and high-temperature,
noise, A48.49 gas-fired, A50.2 S13.1; S15
resilient hangers and supports, A48.49 heat pump, S49.4 air-heating coils, S15.6

boilers, S15.2 air washers, A49.9; S41.9 service water heating, A50.24
cascade systems, S15.5 biological control, A49.5 Wiens displacement law, F1.12
circulating pumps, S15.5 Legionella pneumophila, A49.6 Wind. (See also Climate design information;
control, S15.6 boilers, A49.10 Weather data)
design, S15.2 brine systems, A49.10 data sources, F24.6
direct-contact heaters, S15.5 closed recirculating systems, A49.10 effect on
direct-fired generators, S15.2 condensers, evaporative, S39.18 chimneys, S35.3, 30
distribution, S15.5 condenser water, S14.3 smoke movement, A53.3
expansion tanks, S15.3 cooling towers, A49.4, 8; S40.16 system operation, F24.7
heat exchangers, S15.6 corrosion control, A49.2, 9 pressure, F24.3
piping design, S15.5 evaporative coolers, S41.9 Wind chill index, F9.23
pressurization, S15.3 filtration, A49.7 Windows. (See also Fenestration)
safety, S15.7 fundamentals, A49.1 air leakage, F15.49
space heating, S15.6 heating systems, A49.10 solar gain, F15.13, 17
thermal storage, S15.7 ice makers, A49.7, 9 U-factors, F15.3, 6; F27.7
water treatment, S15.7 medium- and high-temperature systems, S15.7 Wind restraint design, A55.15
medium-temperature (MTW), S13.2 nonchemical (physical), A49.5 minimum design wind load, A55.15
loads, S13.2 once-through systems, A49.9 Wineries
makeup, S13.20 open recirculating systems, A49.9 refrigeration, R39.8
medium- and high-temperature, S15.1 scale control, A49.4 temperature control
open, S13.2; S14.1 sprayed-coil units, A49.9 fermentation, R39.9
pipe sizing, S13.22 steam and condensate systems, storage, R39.10
piping, S13.11 A49.11 wine production, R39.8
water distribution, S13.6 terminology, A49.11 Wood construction, and moisture,
pressure drop determination, S13.22; S44.5 thermal storage, S51.6 F25.10
pumps, S44.1 Water vapor control, A44.6 dimensional changes, F25.10

pump curves, S13.6; S44.4 Water vapor permeance/permeability, Wood products facilities, A26.1
pumping, S13.7; S44.11 F26.16, 17 evaporative cooling, A52.13
standby pump, S13.8; S44.12 Water vapor retarders, F26.6 process area, A26.2
two-speed motors, S44.13 Water wells, A34.26 storage, A26.2
safety relief valves, S13.20 Weather data. See Climatic design information Wood pulp, A26.2
steam and, combined, S11.15 Welding sheet metal, S19.10 Wood stoves, S34.5
in tall buildings, A4.11 Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), heat World Wide Web (WWW), A40.8
temperature classifications, S13.1 stress, A31.5 WSHP. See Water-source heat pump
turndown ratio, S13.4 Wheels, rotary enthalpy, S26.9 (WSHP)
two-pipe, S13.19 Whirlpools and spas WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
Water treatment, A49 Legionella pneumophila control, A49.7 Xenon, R47.18

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Publication Date: 6/1/2013

Abbreviations, F37 moisture, F32.1 electronic, S10.2; S29.5, 6; S33.2

technology, R18.7 AHU. See Air handlers design, S50.6

I.2 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

exhibition centers, A5.5 load determination, A12.1 industrial environments, A31.3

Composite Index I.3

wind Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13 fans, A24.6

I.4 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

hydronic systems, A38.6 burner types, S32.7 F7.14

Composite Index I.5

diffusion control, A44.2 refrigerant, R3.1 thermal storage, S12.8

I.6 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

thermal storage; S51.4 walk-in, R16.3 calculation of, F14.5

Composite Index I.7

refrigerant coils, S23.2 altitude compensation, F28.3 local discomfort, F9.14

I.8 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

pumps, centrifugal, S44.15 computational fluid dynamics, A40.14 maintenance, S39.13

Composite Index I.9

glass block wall, F15.27 moisture, R7.1 motors, S45.5, 6

I.10 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

Composite Index I.11

counterflow integration, S40.20 electrical energy, A37.5 Kleemenko cycle, R47.13

I.12 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

Composite Index I.13

cooling towers, S40.4, 4 acoustical lining, A48.21; S19.7 inflation, A37.10

I.14 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

transportation, R34.8 degree-day methods, F19.16 controls and instruments, S7.15

Composite Index I.15

I.16 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

dry, extended surface, S29.5 sizing, F22.1, 7 boiling, F1.1

Composite Index I.17

autopsy rooms, A9.5, 6 fresh humidifiers, S33.2

I.18 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

temperature, A34.1, 3 Heat types, S28.4

Composite Index I.19

laboratories, A16.2 ground-coupled, A34.10, 13; S9.15; S49.11 terminology, S9.1

I.20 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

radiation laboratory fume, A16.3 commercial, S22.6

Composite Index I.21

Ice makers steam generators, A27.4 climatic zones, F16.19

I.22 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

Composite Index I.23

stack heights, A16.13 circulating rate, R4.4 nonhydrocarbons, R12.3

I.24 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

combustion, S7.22 data acquisition, F36.34 compressor, F19.14

Composite Index I.25

controls, S45.6 liquefied, R47.3 S30.25, 27

I.26 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

limits, A12.15 vapor, F36.32 thermoregulation, F9.1

Composite Index I.27

supports and hangers, R10.8 controlled-environment rooms, A24.16 turbines

I.28 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

air handlers, S4.4 asymmetry, A54.5 monochromatic emissive power, F1.12

Composite Index I.29

ammonia, F30.3839; R6.4 discharge lines, R1.5 system selection, R2.1

I.30 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

Composite Index I.31

duct construction, S19.10 merchant, A13.1 infrared systems, A51.16

I.32 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)

Composite Index I.33

quality, S11.2 Stokers, S31.16 set point reset, A42.36

I.34 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)