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The 85th percentile speed is a widely used traffic statistical metric. It provides an
accurate estimatation of traffic conditions and helps identify poor road design and
unfitting speed limits. The 85th percentile speed is the pace adopted by resonable
people, in accordance with each road environment. We assume that most drivers
are prudent while trying to reach their destination as fast as possible. Also called
the operating speed, this paramer can be seen as the maximal safe speed for
travelling at a certain location. However, it should not be confused with the speed
limits indicated by road signs.
The speed at or below which 85% of all vehicles are observed to travel under free
flowing conditions past a nominated point.
The California bearing ratio (CBR) is a penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength
of natural ground, subgrades and basecourses beneath new carriageway construction. It was
developed by the California Department of Transportation before World War II.
The softening point is a test (usually called the ring-and-ball test) to determine the
temperatures at which an asphalt binder achieves a specified degree of viscosity. In the test, a
steel ball is placed on a disc of binder that is slowly heated until it becomes soft enough for the
ball to fall about 25 mm.
b) The softening point of bitumen is 47 oC, how this result is applied into real
practice application.
This test is used to determine the particle shape of the aggregate and each particle shape
being preferred under specific conditions
b) Explain why these two test dont use aggregate passing 6.3 mm and
retained at 50 mm.
The aggregate would have been too small and unsuitable for pavement works
Q6. a) Aggregate Impact Value of the selected aggregate this requirement should be
less than 30, why
1. Sieve the aggregate and obtain the portion passing 12.5mm and retained on 10mm sieve.
2. Wash and dry this aggregate at a constant temperature of 1050C to 1100C and then cool the
sample.
3. Fill this aggregate in the cylindrical measure in 3 layers, tapping each layers 25 times with
the tamping rod. Level the surface tamping road as a using the straight edge.
4. Weight the aggregate in the measure. This weight of the aggregate is used for the duplicate
test on the same material.
5. Transfer the aggregate from the cylindrical measure to the cup in 3 layers and compact each
layer by tamping in 25 strokes with the tamping rod.
6. Release the hammer for fall freely on the aggregate. The test sample is subjected to a total
of 15 blows.
7. Remove the aggregate sample from the cup and sieve through 2.36 mm sieve .
8. Weight the fraction passing the sieve.