Chapter 5

1. A gas turbine power plant produces 5000 kW of shaft power from inlet air at
101.3 kPa and 30 C. The compressor has a compression ratio of 5.5 and an isentropic
efficiency of 0.84. In the combustion chamber, there is a pressure loss equal to 3
percent of the inlet air pressure and the outlet temperature is 1000 C. If the turbine has
an isentropic efficiency of 0.88 and an exhaust pressure of 100 kPa, determine the air
flow rate and power plant thermal efficiency. How much thermal energy would be
available for use by a regenerator?
kJ J
kJ := 1000 J cp := 1.004 k := 1.4 R := 287 Air
kg K kg K

kJ
cpp := 1.148 kp := 1.33 Combustion products
kg K

kJ
ca p := 1.076 ka := 1.367 Average
kg K
T1 := 303 K P1 := 101.3 kPa PR := 5.5 c := 0.84 e := 0.88

P2 := 5.5 P1 P2 = 557.15 kPa P3 := 0.97 P2 P3 = 540.436 kPa T3 := 1273 K

k1
1 k
T2 := T1 1 + PR 1 T2 = 529.363 K
c
kp 1


PRt := 100
kPa
PRt = 0.185
T4 := T3 1 e 1 PRt
kp
T4 = 889.819 K
P3
cp ( T1 T2 ) + cpp ( T3 T4 )
t := t = 0.266
ca p ( T3 T2 )
Powerout kg
Powerout := 5000 kW mdot := mdot = 23.516
t ca p ( T3 T2 ) s

The maximum energy that could be extracted corresponds to using a heat exchanger
with a high effectiveness to bring the exhaust temperature, T4, to T1.
4
Qmax := mdot ca p ( T4 T1 ) Qmax = 1.485 10 kW
 2. A stationary gas turbine has compressor and turbine efficiencies of 0.85 and
0.90, respectively, and a compressor pressure ratio of 20. Determine the work of the
compressor and the turbine, the net work, the turbine exit temperature, and the thermal
efficiency for 80 F ambient and 1900 F turbine inlet temperatures. What is the heat rate
for this device?

K BTU ft lbf
kJ := 1000 J R := cp := 0.24 k := 1.4 Rg := 53.35 Air
1.8 lb R lb R
BTU
cpp := 0.2744 kp := 1.33 Combustion products
lb R

BTU
ca p := 0.2572 ka := 1.367 Average
lb R
T1 := 540.0 R P1 := 14.7 psi PR := 20.0 c := 0.85 e := 0.90
3 3
P2 := PR P1 P2 = 2.027 10 kPa P3 := 1.00 P2 P3 = 2.027 10 kPa T3 := 2360.0 R

k 1
cp T1 k BTU
Wc := 1 PR Wc = 206.376
c lb

k1
1 k 3
T2 := T1 1 + PR 1 T2 = 1.4 10 R
c
kPa
PRt := 101.3 PRt = 0.05
P3

kp 1
kp BTU
We := e cpp T3 1 PRt We = 305.704
lb

kp 1


T4 := T3 1 e 1 PRt
kp 3
T4 = 1.246 10 R

BTU
Wnet := Wc + We Wnet = 99.328
lb
Wnet
t := t = 0.402
ca p ( T3 T2 ) Using the net work

cp ( T1 T2 ) + cpp ( T3 T4 )
t := t = 0.402 Using the definition
ca p ( T3 T2 )

3412 BTU 3 BTU

heatrate := heatrate = 8.483 10
t kW hr kW hr
 3. A gas turbine engine cycle has a compression ratio of 8 to 1. The compressor
and turbine inlet temperatures are, respectively, 300 K and 1400 K. The compressor
and turbine efficiencies are 0.85 and 0.90, respectively. Calculate the thermal efficiency
of the cycle. What is the thermal efficiency of an air standard Brayton cycle with a
compression ratio of 8?

kJ J
kJ := 1000 J cp := 1.004 k := 1.4 R := 287 Air
kg K kg K

kJ
cpp := 1.148 kp := 1.33 Combustion products
kg K

kJ
ca p := 1.076 ka := 1.367 Average
kg K
T1 := 300 K P1 := 101.3 kPa PR := 8.0 c := 0.85 e := 0.90

P2 := PR P1 P2 = 810.4 kPa P3 := 1.00 P2 P3 = 810.4 kPa T3 := 1400.0 K

k1
1 k
T2 := T1 1 + PR 1 T2 = 586.393 K
c
kp 1


PRt := 101.3
kPa
PRt = 0.125
T4 := T3 1 e 1 PRt
kp
T4 = 892.135 K
P3
cp ( T1 T2 ) + cpp ( T3 T4 )
t := t = 0.338
ca p ( T3 T2 )
1
Brayton := 1 Brayton = 0.448
k 1
k
PR
4. The following data are for a gas turbine power plant:
Shaft output = 5000 kW
Inlet air at 97 kPa and 30 C
Compressor pressure ratio = 5.5
Compressor isentropic efficiency = 0.84
Combustion chamber outlet temperature = 1000 C
Combustion chamber pressure loss is 3 percent of the inlet pressure.
Turbine isentropic efficiency = 0.88
Turbine exhaust pressure = 100 kPa
Determine the air flow rate and the thermal efficiency.

This is the same as Problem 1.

 5. A gas turbine has 86 percent compressor and 89 percent turbine efficiencies,
a compressor pressure ratio of 6, a 4-percent loss in pressure in the combustor, and a
turbine inlet temperature of 1400 F. Ambient conditions are 60 F and one atmosphere.
Determine the net work and the thermal efficiency for the system. Assume that the fuel
flow rate is negligible compared with that of the air.
K BTU ft lbf
kJ := 1000 J R := cp := 0.24 k := 1.4 Rg := 53.35 Air
1.8 lb R lb R
BTU
cpp := 0.2744 kp := 1.33 Combustion products
lb R

BTU
ca p := 0.2572 ka := 1.367 Average
lb R
T1 := 520.0 R P1 := 14.7 psi PR := 6.0 c := 0.86 e := 0.89

P2 := PR P1 P2 = 608.118 kPa P3 := 0.96 P2 P3 = 583.793 kPa T3 := 1860.0 R

k 1
cp T1 k BTU
Wc := 1 PR Wc = 97.012
c lb

k1
1 k
T2 := T1 1 + PR 1 T2 = 924.216 R
c
14.7 psi 5 1
PRt := PRt = 2.518 10 psi
P3 Pa

kp 1
kp BTU
We := e cpp T3 1 PRt We = 160.063
lb

kp 1



T4 := T3 1 e 1 PRt
kp
T4 = 1.277 10 R
3

BTU
Wnet := Wc + We Wnet = 63.052
lb
Wnet
t := t = 0.262
ca p ( T3 T2 ) Using the net work

cp ( T1 T2 ) + cpp ( T3 T4 )
t := t = 0.262 Using the definition
ca p ( T3 T2 )
 6. A stationary gas turbine has compressor and turbine efficiencies of 0.85 and
0.90, respectively, and a compressor pressure ratio of 20. Determine the work of the
compressor and the turbine, the net work, the turbine exit temperature, and the thermal
efficiency for 20 C ambient and 1200 C turbine inlet temperatures.

kJ J
kJ := 1000 J cp := 1.004 k := 1.4 R := 287 Air
kg K kg K

kJ
cpp := 1.148 kp := 1.33 Combustion products
kg K

kJ
ca p := 1.076 ka := 1.367 Average
kg K

T1 := 293 K P1 := 101.3 kPa PR := 20.0 c := 0.85 e := 0.90

3 3
P2 := 20.0 P1 P2 = 2.026 10 kPa P3 := 1.00 P2 P3 = 2.026 10 kPaT3 := 1473 K

k1
1 k
T2 := T1 1 + PR 1 T2 = 759.576 K
c
k 1
cp T1 k BTU
Wc := 1 PR Wc = 201.394
c lb

kp 1


T4 := T3 1 e 1 PRt
kPa kp
PRt := 101.3 PRt = 0.05
T4 = 777.725 K
P3
kp 1
kp BTU
We := e cpp T3 1 PRt We = 343.154
lb
BTU
Wnet := Wc + We Wnet = 141.76
lb
Wnet
t := t = 0.43
ca p ( T3 T2 ) Using the net work

cp ( T1 T2 ) + cpp ( T3 T4 )
t := t = 0.43 Using the definition
ca p ( T3 T2 )
7. A gas turbine is designed for a turbine inlet temperature of 1450 F, a compressor
pressure ratio of 12, and compressor and turbine efficiencies of 84 percent and 88
percent, respectively. Ambient conditions are 85 F and 14.5 psia.
(a) Draw and label a T-s diagram.
(b) Determine the compressor, turbine, and net work for this engine.
(c) Determine the thermal efficiency.

3 P3

2
T
P2
P4
4
P1
1

K BTU ft lbf
kJ := 1000 J R := cp := 0.24 k := 1.4 Rg := 53.35 Air
1.8 lb R lb R
BTU
cpp := 0.2744 kp := 1.33 Combustion products
lb R

BTU
ca p := 0.2572 ka := 1.367 Average
lb R
T1 := 545.0 R P1 := 14.7 psi PR := 12.0 c := 0.84 e := 0.88
3 3
P2 := PR P1 P2 = 1.216 10 kPa P3 := 1.00 P2 P3 = 1.216 10 kPa T3 := 1910.0 R

k 1
cp T1 k BTU
Wc := 1 PR Wc = 160.999
c lb
 k1
1 k 3
T2 := T1 1 + PR 1 T2 = 1.216 10 R
c
psi
PRt := 14.7 PRt = 0.083
P3

kp 1
kp BTU
We := e cpp T3 1 PRt We = 212.249
lb

kp 1


T4 := T3 1 e 1 PRt
kp 3
T4 = 1.136 10 R

BTU
Wnet := Wc + We Wnet = 51.251
lb
Wnet
t := t = 0.287
ca p ( T3 T2 ) Using the net work

cp ( T1 T2 ) + cpp ( T3 T4 )
t := t = 0.287 Using the definition
ca p ( T3 T2 )