Organised and conducted by the Unit of Anatomy Synopsis: This Element aims to provide the learner with basic information about the structure of the human body. To this end, students will be taught the gross and microscopic anatomy of tissues of the human body. Element 1 and Element 8 of the MCBM course are essentially a continuum of basic learning about the structure of the human body. MCBM Elements 1, 2 and 8 together constitute MCBM I (one of the components of Professional Examination I). Material in MCBM Elements 1 and 8 complements that in Element 2 [Physiology] and Elements 3 and 5 [Biochemistry]. This will form the basis for further learning of the gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy and development of tissues in the Organ Systems courses in Year 2 of the programme. Objectives: At the end of this Element, the learner is expected to be able to: Use terms used to describe the anatomy and histology of the human body; Use a compound microscope correctly to examine human tissues; Identify and differentiate different types of human tissues under the microscope; Describe the histologic features of different types of tissue; Rationalise the structure-function relationships of bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton; Identify bones, joints, muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs and their nerve and blood supply; and Describe the functional organisation of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. T-L methods: 15 lectures, 4 IRS, 8 dissection sessions, 5 histology lab sessions. Contact hours: 45 hours The Curriculum: Lectures: 1. Introduction: anatomical terms; anatomical positions; regions of the body; organ systems; ways of describing and visualising the human body. Year 1 and 2 MBBS Programme Handbook of the Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University [Aug 2009] 37 2. Epithelia and glands: classification of epithelia; distribution and functions of various epithelia; classification of glands. 3. Connective tissue: types of cells in connective tissue; composition of extracellular matrix; superficial and deep fasciae, their function and clinical importance; skin and its appendages. 4. General anatomy of bones: the axial and appendicular skeleton; periosteum; types of bones; architecture of bones; tensile strength of bones. 5. Histology of cartilage, bones and muscle: types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic and fibro cartilage; basic facts about bone structure and development of bones. Different types of muscles; histology of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. 6. Histology of neural tissue and blood vessels: Histological structure of neuron; types of neurons; types of neuroglial cells; histological features of a mixed nerve. Blood vessels microscopic structure of arteries &, veins 7. Histology of lymphoid tissue: structure of lymphoid tissue; lymph node, spleen, thymus and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue. 8. Upper Limb [Part 1]: bones, joints and ligaments of the upper limb; movements at each joint. 9. Upper Limb [Part 2]: muscles of the upper limb; origin and insertion, nerve supply and action; anatomy of the cubital fossa; anatomy of the carpal tunnel. 10. Upper Limb [Part 3]: blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the upper limb; nerve supply of the upper limb the brachial plexus and major nerves of the upper limb; anatomy of the axilla; major vessels of the upper limb. 11. Lower Limb [Part 1]: bones, joints and ligaments of the lower limb; movements at each joint. 12. Lower Limb [Part 2]: muscles and muscle groups of the lower limb; innervation of muscles of lower limb; the concept of muscle pump; joints on which muscles and muscle groups act and movements they produce; anatomy of the femoral triangle, femoral canal, adductor canal and popliteal fossa. 13. Lower Limb [Part 3]: blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the lower limb; nerve supply of the lower limb - the lumbar plexus and major nerves of the lower limb. 14. Thorax [Part 1]: bones, joints and muscles of the vertebral column. 15. Thorax [Part 2]: bones and muscles of the thorax; intercostals space and contents; diaphragm; anatomy of the breast; clinical relevance of lymphatic drainage of the breast; an overview of organs present in the thoracic cavity; mediastinum. 8 Dissection Sessions & 5 Histology Lab Sessions (2 hours each): 1. Introduction: anatomical position; names of bones and their arrangement, function of skeleton and joints axial and appendicular skeleton 2. Histology: epithelia and glands Year 1 and 2 MBBS Programme Handbook of the Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University [Aug 2009] 38 3. Histology: connective tissue and skin 4. Histology: cartilage, bone and muscle 5. Histology: nervous tissue and blood vessels 6. Histology: lymphoid tissue 7. Bones and joints of the upper limb: bones and ligaments, types and structure of joints; different types of movements at each joint and factors which effect stability 8. Muscles of the upper limb: origin, insertion, nerve supply and action 9. Blood supply and innervation of the muscles of the upper limb: major nerves and vessels of the upper limb relevance to clinical procedures 10. Bones and joints of the lower limb: bones and ligaments, types and structure of joints; different types of movements at each joint and factors which effect stability 11. Muscles of the lower limb: origin, insertion, nerve supply and action 12. Blood supply and innervation of the muscles of the lower limb: major nerves and vessels of lower limb with clinical relevance to pulse, venous drainage 13. Thorax: structure of thoracic wall, vertebrae, ribs and diaphragm; anatomy of the breast and its lymphatic drainage; overview of the position of thoracic organs and their inter relationships, concept of mediastinum.