VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE ING, TO+INFINITIVO O INFINITIVO SIN TO.

B2

THE FULL INFINITIVE IS USED:

Verbos seguidos de Infinitivo con TO:

Advice; afford; agree; allow sb; appear; be allowed; compel; decide; encourage;
expect; hope; intend; invite; manage; pretend; proceed; promise; refuse;
remind; seem; tell; tend; etc

- He advised me to take a rest.

Notes:
to+adj/adverb + full infinitive (negative): Hes too young to get married
adj/adverb+enough+full infinitive (negative): He isnt old enough to get
married
enough+noun+full infinitive (positive): Hes got enough money to get
married
so+adj+as+full infinitive: She was so gullible as to believe his story

THE BARE INFINITIVE (infinitive desnudo o NO infinitivo) IS USED:

With modals (can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, will, would).

- He can go if he wants to

With need, dare (as auxiliary verbs):

- You neednt work today

- I darent talk to him

Notes:

Dare expressing courage or lack of courage can be followed by bare or full

infinitive:
- I dont dare (to) tell her the truth
- He dared (to) attempt it again

Dare expressing, threats, warning, anger, etc, is followed by bare infinitive:

- Dont you dare lie to me again!
- How dare you speak to me like that!

Dare expressing challenge is followed by full infinitive:

- I dare you to climb up that tree.

With had better/would rather/would sooner.

- Youd better go to bed

With make (force), let (allow), see, hear, smell, feel, watch, notice, (in active
voice)
 - He let me watch tv

Note:

Notice, make, see, hear, tell, watch in passive voice are followed by full
infinitive.
- The baby was made to eat all his soup.

After why (not) to make suggestions

- Why not meet again some day?
(Why dont we meet)

Notes:
- too + adj/adverb + full infinitive (negative): He is too young to get
married
- adj/adverb + enough + full infinitive (negative): He isnt old enough to
get married
- Enough + noun + full infinitive (positive): Hes got enough money to get
married.
- So + adj + as + full infinitive: She was so gullible as to believe his story.
- When the subject of the verb is not the same as the subject of the
infinitive we indicate it by using object forms: I would like him/John to
come.

INFINITIVE AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE WITH VERBS OF PERCEPTION

AND OTHER PHRASES

See, Hear, Listen, Watch.

+ Bare infinitive (complete action):
I saw her lock the car and put the key in her bag.
+ Present participle (incomplete action/action in progress):
I saw her walking down the street.

Go, come (when used o refer to physical activities), spend/waste time; be busy +
present participle:
- He went skiing last winter.
- He spent an hour fixing the car.
- He was busy cleaning the car.

TENSES OF THE ING FORM

Active Voice Passive Voice

Present cutting being cut

Perfect having cut having been cut

The ing form is used after:

Prepositions

Detest, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, like, loathe, love, prefer, resent.
(Hate, like, love, prefer when used in the conditional are followed by a full
infinitive)

Begin, cease, commence, finish, start, stop.

(These verbs, except stop and finish, can also be followed by an infinitive with
no difference in meaning)

Its no use/good, its (not) worth, theres no point (in), feel like, cant stand,
cant help, be/get used to, be/get accustomed to, have difficulty (in), in
favour of

Admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, endure,

entail, escape (=avoid), envisage, evade, forgive, imagine, incur, involve,
keep (=continue), look forward to, mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone,
practise, prevent, recall, recollect, report, risk, save, shirk, suggest,
understand, etc

Note:
When the subject of the verb is different from the subject of the ing form we indicate it by using object
forms or possessives (more formal).

I hate him/his/Jerrys interrupting me

VERBS TAKING INFINITIVE OR ING FORM WITHOUT A CHANGE IN

MEANING

Begin, start, continue, cease, commence, omit

- He continued listening to the radio
- He continued to listen to the radio

Note:
The ing form is not used after the continuous form of these verbs.

Advise, allow, permit, recommend, intend, followed by an object take a full

infinitive, whereas they take an ing form when not followed by an object
(intend can also take a gerund whether the object is mentioned or not)

- He allowed us to eat in the classroom

- He allowed eating in the classroom
- He recommended us to take plenty of exercise
- He recommended (our) taking plenty of exercise

Something needs/requires/wants can be followed by an ing form or by a

passive infinitive
 - The car needs servicing/to be serviced

2. Put the verbs in brackets into ing form or the correct form of infinitive.

0. The police allowed him to leave after he had made a statement.

1. She advised us to take the short cut through the woods to save time.
2. The doctor recommended following a diet of fresh fruit and vegetables.
3. Theres no use postponing your visit; youll have to go sooner or later.
4. I dont mind helping you with your homework.
5. This room needs tidying before we can use it.
6. He omitted telling/ to tell us about the meeting.
7. Jane started having/to have bad dreams after being in the car accident.

VERBS TAKING INFINITIVE OR ING FORM WITH A CHANGE IN MEANING

Forget + to-infinitive= not remember to do sth when you intend to.

I forgot to visit the museum
Forget + ing form= not to recall
Ill never forget visiting that museum.

Go on + to-infinitive= stop one action and start another

They first discussed the items on the agenda and then went on to discuss the
budget.
Go on + ing form= continue
He went on playing the piano in spite of the neighbours complaints

Like + to-infinitive= find sth good to do

I like to go to the market very early in the morning so that I can select the best
vegetables
Like + ing form= enjoy
I like swimming; its my favourite pastime
Would like to + infinitive
I would like to meet your friend; she sounds interesting

Mean + to-infinitive= intend to

She means to discuss the matter with the headmaster
Mean + ing form= involve, entail
It means changing the original plans

Propose + infinitive= intend

I propose to build three more classrooms
Propose + ing form= suggest
I propose trying that new Chinese restaurant

Regret + to-infinitive= be sorry to have to do sth

I regret to inform you that your application has been rejected
Regret + ing form= feel sorry about a past action
I regret buying this car because it is always breaking down
Remember + to-infinitive= not forget to do sth when you intend to
Remember to lock the door before you leave the house
Remember + ing form= recall
She remembers locking the door before leaving the house

Try + to-infinitive= attempt

We tried to persuade him not to go, but he wouldnt listen
Try + ing form= do as an experiment
They tried advertising their business in the local newspaper

Stop + to-infinitive= stop sth temporarily, in order to do sth else

She stopped to talk to her neighbour as she was taking her dog for a walk
Stop + ing form= finish, stop permanently
They stopped talking when the teacher came into the class

(Be) understood + to-infinitive= give the impression

He is understood to agree that negotiations are necessary
(Be) Understood + ing form= to understand sb elses feelings or actions
I can understand his feeling angry about their decision

Want + to-infinitive= wish

I want to extend my visa
Want + ing form= need sth done
The batterys flat; it wants recharging

Dread + to-infinitive= be afraid (specific)

I dread to think how much he may suffer
Dread + ing form= to fear greatly (general)
I dread going to the doctor

Hate + to-infinitive= hate what one is about to do

I hate to interrupt you but I need some help
Hate + ing form= feel sorry for what one is doing
I hate causing you inconvenience

Be sorry + to-infinitive= regret sth/feel regret

I am sorry to hear of his illness
Be sorry for + ing form= apologise
I am sorry for shouting at you

Be afraid to + to-infinitive= the subject is too frightened to do sth

She was afraid to drive the car
Be afraid of + ing form= the subject fears that the action expressed by the
gerund may happen
She didnt want to drive the car; she was afraid of causing an accident

Be ashamed to + infinitive (the infinitive refers to a subsequent action)

She was ashamed to admit that she had lied
Be ashamed of + ing form (the gerund refers to a present or previous action)
Shes ashamed of lying, and swears shell never do it again

Would prefer + to-infinitive (specific action)

I would prefer to left alone just now
Prefer + ing form (general)
I prefer swimming to running
Prefer + to-infinitive (general)
He prefers to study at night

Cant/couldnt bear + infinitive (specific)

I cant bear to tell him the bad news
Cant/couldnt bear + ing form (general)
I cant bear telling people bad news