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[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[a O2+ 3.76 a N 2 ]kmol /aire [b CO2 + c H 2 O+ d SO2+ e N 2 ]kmol / gpc
Crudo maya Aire gpc
[ ( 2 )( 0.0034 ) + ( 2 ) ( a )=( 2 ) ( b ) + ( 1 ) ( c )+ ( 2 )( d ) ] 2
b=0.8399
c
0.0034+ a=b + +d
2
0.118
a=0.8399+ +0.0351
2
a=0. 9306
PASO 3.-Balance del hidrogeno PASO 6.-Balance del nitrgeno
( 2 )( 0.118 )=(2)(c) ( 2 )( 0.0036 )+ ( 2 )( 3.76 a )=( 2 ) ( e )
e=3.5026
PASO 4.-Balance del azufre
( 1 )( 0.0351 ) =(1)(d )
d=0. 0351
PASO 7.-Verificacin de la ecuacin molar:
Elemento o H Peso
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 molecular
2+0.0034 O 2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ] kmol /cm +[0.9306 O 2+ 3.499 N 2 ] kmol/ aire [0.8399CO 2+ 0.118 H 2 O+0.0351 SO 2+3.5026 N 2 ]kmol / gpc
compuesto
carbono Crudo maya
12.01 kg C/kmol C Aire gpc
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2 2+0.0036 N2 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[0.9306 O2+ 3.499 N 2 ]kmol/ aire [0.8399CO 2+ 0.118 H 2 O+0.0351 SO2+3.5026 N 2 ]kmol / gpc
Dixido de 64.06 kg SO 2 /kmol SO 2
Masa de hidrogeno
Crudo maya Aire gpc
azufre
{( 0.118
kmol
*Datos: H 2.2
)(
hysys
kmol cm
1.008
kmol H )}
kg H
kmol cm
=0.1189 kg H
Masa de oxigeno
{( 0.0034
kmol O
kmol cm
16)(kg O
kmol O )}kmol cm
=0.0544 kg O
Masa de nitrgeno
{( 0.0036
kmol N
kmol cm )(
14.005
kg N
kmol N )}
kmol cm
=0.0504 kg N
PASO 9.- Masa de azufre Calculo de la masa segn el compuesto del que
formen parte:
({ 0.0351 kmol
kmol S
cm )( 32.07
kmol S )}
kg S
kmol cm
=1.1256 kg S
aire gpc o humos
Masa de oxigeno Masa de dixido de carbono
({ 0.9306 kmol
kmol O
aire )( 16
kmol O ) }
kg O
kmol aire
=14.8896 kg O
{( 0.8399
kmol CO 2
kmol gpc
44.01)(kg CO2
kmol CO2 )} kmol gpc
=36.9639 kg CO 2
{( 3.499
kmol N
kmol aire)(
14.005
kg N
kmol N )} kmol aire
=49.0034 kg N
({ 0.118 kmol H O
kmol gpc ) ( 2
18.02
kmol H O )}
kg H O 2
2 kmol gpc
=2.1263 kg H 2 O
2 kmol gpc
=2.2485 kg SO 2
{( 3.5026
kmol N
kmol aire )(
14.005
kg N
kmol N )} kmol aire
=49.0539 kg N
[ 10.0871C +0.1189 H 2 +0.0544+ 0.0504 N 2+ 1.1256 S ]kg/cm +[14.8896O2 + 49.0034 N 2 ]kg/ aire [36.9639 CO 2+2.1263 H 2 O+2.2485 SO2+ 49.0539 N 2 ]kg/ gpc
Crudo maya Aire gpc
[ ( 1 )( 10.0871 ) + ( 2 ) ( 0.1189 ) + ( 2 ) ( 0.0544 ) +(1)(0.0504)+(1)(1.1256)]kg/cm +[(2)(14.8896)+(2)(49.0034)]kg/aire [(1)(36.9639)+(1)(2.1263)+(1)( 2.2485)+(2)(
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[0.9306 O2+ 3.499 N 2 ]kmol/ aire [0.8399CO 2+ 0.118 H 2 O+0.0351 SO2+3.5026 N 2 ]kmol / gpc
Crudo maya Aire gpc
a) N TOTAL x SO
d) 2
0.8399 3.5026
x CO = =0.1868 xN = =0.7791
2
4.4956 2
4.4956
x CO =0.1868
2
x N =0.7791
2
c) xH 2 O Comprobacin
0.118 x i= xCO + x H O + x SO + x N
x H O= =0.0262 2 2 2 2
2
4.4956 4
i =1
x H O=0.0262
2 x i= 0.18568+0.0262+0.0078+0.7791=0.9999 1
4
i=1
PTOTAL =0.9
n
GPC
x=i
PCO =0.1681
2
PSO =0.0070
2
0.9 0.9
PH O =( 0.0262 )
2
PN =( 0.7791 )
2
PH O =0.0235
2
PN =0.7011
2
x=i
x=i
T rocio =23.024
PASO 14.- INDICADORES DE LA COMBUSTION
Kmol Kg m3
Kmol C . maya Kg C . maya m3 C . maya
r aire
c .maya kmol aire kg aire m 3 aire
4.4296 10.9592 8682.93
kmol C . maya kg C . maya m 3 C . maya
r CO2
c .maya kmol CO2 kg CO 2 3
m CO 2
0.8399 3.1701 15,271.42
kmol C . maya kg C .maya 3
m C .maya
r gpc
c .maya kmol gpc kg gpc m gpc
3
4.4956 11.9592 15,267.14
kmol C . maya kg C . maya 3
m C . maya
Aire gpc
4.4956 kmol gpc *Datos: hysyskmol
2.2 gpc
1 139.4465 kg gpc 1 kg gpc
r gpc =
c .maya
1 kmol C . maya
=4.4956
V = ( 127.789
kmol Ckg aire )
. maya ( 1.168 kg aire / m3) r Vgpc=
=109.405 m
c .maya
(3=
139.4465
aire kg gpc )
11.6601 kg C . maya (
=11.9592
)
kg C3 . =192.366
0.7249 kg gpc /m
maya m3 gpc
Para el clculo de los volmenes es necesario convertir de masa a volumen por lo que necesitamos las densidades. Para lo que se
us el software HYSYS 2.2 y en el caso de crudo maya se investig su densidad en internet. Obteniendo los siguientes datos:
m3
m3 C . maya
109.405 m3 aire m3 aire
r aire = =8682.93
c .maya 0.0126 m3 C .maya m3 C . maya
m3 aire
r aire =8682.93
c .maya m3 C .maya
3 3
192.42 m CO 2 m CO2
r CO2 = 3
=15,271.42 3
c .maya 0.0126 m C .maya m C . maya
3
m CO 2
r CO2 =15,271.42 3
c .maya m C . maya
m3 gpc
r gpc =15,267.14
c .maya m3 C .maya
T REAL=103.024
190 >103.024
kg CO 2
DATOS 3.1701 kg C .maya 24 hr 365 dia
kg C .maya )( 1 )( 1 dia )( 1 ao )
hr .
kg C . maya bonoCO = 2
C .maya=1
hr .
kg CO 2
(27,770.076 ) bonoCO
ao
bonoCO = =27.77 2
US $ 2
1000 ao
Costobono =18
bono
bonoCO
bonoCO =27.77 2
2
ao
1 bono=1000 kg CO 2
bonoCO
kg CO 2
( 27.77
ao
2
)( 18
US $
bono )
=416.55 US $ / ao
3.1701
kg C .maya
416. 55 US $ /ao
PASO 17.-CALCULO DE LA
COMBUSTION REAL
Con exceso de oxgeno.
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[a O2+ 3.76 a N 2 ]kmol /aire [b CO2 + c H 2 O+ d SO2+ eO2+ f N 2 ]kmol / gpc
Crudo maya Aire gpc
PASO 18.- HALLAR Y SUSTITUIR EN LA COMPOSICION.
21
DATOS =
O =9.5 21 O2
2
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm + [a O2 +3.76 a N 2 ]kmol /aire [b CO 2+ c H 2 O+ d SO2 +eO2 +f N 2 ]kmol / gpc
Crudo maya Aire gpc
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm + 1.826[0.9306 O2+3.76 (0.9306)N 2 ]kmol/ aire [ b CO2 +c H 2 O+d SO2 +eO2 + f N 2]kmol/ gpc
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[1.6992O2 +6.3892 N 2 ]kmol/ aire [b CO2 +c H 2 O+ d SO2+ eO2+ f N 2 ]kmol / gpc
e=0.7686
PASO 21.-Balance del hidrogeno PASO 24.-Balance del nitrgeno
( 2 )( 0.118 )=(2)(c) ( 2 )( 0.0036 )+ ( 2 )( 6.3892 ) =( 2 )( f )
[ ( 2 )( 0.0036 )+ ( 2 )( 6.3892 )= ( 2 )( f ) ] 2
c=0.118
0.0036+6.3892=f
f =6.3928
PASO 22.-Balance del azufre
( 1 )( 0.0351 ) =(1)(d )
d=0. 0351
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[1.6992O2 +6.3892 N 2 ]kmol/ aire [ 0.8399 CO2 +0.118 H 2 O+ 0.0351 SO2+ 0.7686 O2+ 6.3928 N 2 ]
azufre 32.07
Crudokg S/kmol S
maya Crudo maya Aire gpc
Masa de carbono
Dixido de 44.01 kg CO 2 /kmol CO2
carbono
agua
{(
0.8399
kmol C
18.02 kg Hkmol cm
2 O/kmol H 2 O
)(
12.01
kg C
kmol c )} kmol cm
=10.0871 kg C
{( 0.118
kmol
*Datos: H 2.2
)(
hysys
kmol cm
1.008
kmol H )}
kg H
kmol cm
=0.1189 kg H
Masa de oxigeno
{( 0.0034
kmol O
kmol cm
16)(kg O
kmol O )} kmol cm
=0.0544 kg O
{( 0.0036
kmol N
kmol cm )(
14.005
kg N
kmol N )}kmol cm
=0.0504 kg N
Masa de azufre
({ 0.0351 kmol
kmol S
cm )( 32.07
kmol S )}
kg S
kmol cm
=1.1256 kg S
aire gpc o humos
Masa de oxigeno Masa de dixido de carbono
({ 1.6992 kmol
kmol O
aire )( 16
kmol O )}
kg O
kmol aire
=27.1872 kg O
{( 0.8399
kmol CO 2
kmol gpc )(
44.01
kg CO2
kmol CO2 )} kmol gpc
=36.9639 kg CO 2
{( 6.3892
kmol N
)(
kmol aire
14.005
kg N
kmol N )}
kmol aire
=89.4807 kg N
({ 0.118 kmol H O
kmol gpc ) ( 2
18.02
kmol H O )}
kg H O 2
2 kmol gpc
=2.1263 kg H 2 O
2 kmol gpc
=2.2485 kg SO 2
Masa de oxigeno
{( 0.7686
kmol O
kmol aire )(
16
kg O
kmol O )}kmol aire
=12.2976 kg O
{( 6.3928
kmol N
kmol aire )(
14.005
kg N
kmol N )}kmol aire
=89.5311 kg N
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[1.6992O2 +6.3892 N 2 ]kmol/ aire [ 0.8399 CO2 +0.118 H 2 O+ 0.0351 SO2+ 0.7686 O2+ 6.3928 N 2 ]
Crudo maya Aire gpc
[ ( 1 )( 10.0871 ) + ( 2 ) ( 0.1189 ) + ( 2 ) ( 0.0544 ) +(1)(0.0504)+(1)(1.1256)]kg/cm +[(2)(27.1872)+(2)( 89.4807)]kg/aire [ ( 1 ) (36.9639 )+ (1 ) ( 2.1263 ) + ( 1 ) ( 2.2485 )+ ( 2 )( 12.
[ 0.8399 C+0.118 H 2+0.0034 O2+0.0036 N 2 +0.0351 S ]kmol /cm +[1.6992O2 +6.3892 N 2 ]kmol/ aire [ 0.8399 CO2 +0.118 H 2 O+ 0.0351 SO2+ 0.7686 O2+ 6.3928 N 2 ]
Crudo maya Aire gpc
a) N TOTAL d) x SO 2
b) x CO2 e) xO 2
0.8399 0.7686
x CO = =0.1029 xO = =0.0942
2
8.1544 2
8.1544
x CO =0.1029
2
x O =0.0942
2
xH xN
c) 2 O f) 2
0.118 6.3928
x H O= =0.0144 xN = =0.7839
2
8.1544 2
8.1544
x H O=0.0144
2
x N =0.7839
2
Comprobacin
x i= xCO + x H O +x SO +x O +x N
2 2 2 2 2
5
i=1
x i= 0.1029+0.0144+ 0.0043+0.0942+0.7839=0.9997 1
4
i =1
PTOTAL =0.9
n
GPC
x=i
0.9
0.9
PCO =( 0.1029 )
2
PO =( 0.00942 )
2
PCO =0.09261
2
PO =0.08478
2
0.9 0.9
PH O =( 0.0144 )
2
PN =( 0.7839 )
2
PH O =0.01296
2
PN =0.70551
2
0.9 x=i
Pigas= 0.09261+0.01296+ 0.003483+0.08478+0.70551=0.899343 0.9
PSO = ( 0.0043 )
2 n
x=i
PSO =0.003483
2
Kmol Kg m3
Kmol C . maya Kg C . maya m3 C . maya
r aire
c .maya kmol aire kg aire m3 aire
8.0884 20.0116 15,854.76
kmol C . maya kg C . maya m3 C . maya
r CO2
c .maya kmol CO2 kg CO 2 3
m CO2
0.8399 3.1701 27,702.0099
kmol C . maya kg C .maya 3
m C .maya
r gpc
c .maya kmol gpc kg gpc m3 gpc
8.1544 21.0114 27,694.25
kmol C . maya kg C .maya 3
m C . maya
Dixido de 3
0.1 059 kg/m 3
carbono V =0.0126 m C . maya V =349.04 24 m3 CO
8.1544 kmol gpc 3 kmol gpc 244.9961 kg2gpc kg gpc
r gpc gpc
= =8.1544
0.7021 kg/m r gpc = =21.0114
c .maya
1kmol C . maya kmol C .maya c .maya
11.6601 kg C . maya kg C . maya
Aire gpc
*Datos: hysys 2.2
1 1
r gpc =8.1544
c .maya
V =( 233.3378 kg aire )
kmol gpc
kmol C . maya
1.168 kg aire /m 3 (
=199.77 mV3=
r
aire
gpc
c .maya
)
( 244.9961 kg gpc
=21.0114
)
kg gpc
0.7021 kg gpc /m
kg C . maya
3 (
=348.94 m3 gpc
)
3 3
V =199.77 m aire V =348.94 m gpc
Para el clculo de los volmenes es necesario convertir de masa a volumen por lo que necesitamos las densidades. Para lo que se
us el software HYSYS 2.2 y en el caso de crudo maya se investig su densidad en internet. Obteniendo los siguientes datos:
3
m
3
m C . maya
3 3
199.77 m aire m aire
r aire = 3
=15,854.76 3
c .maya 0.0126 m C .maya m C . maya
m3 aire
r aire =15,854.76
c .maya m3 C . maya
349.0453 m3 CO 2 m3 CO 2
r CO = =27,702.0099 3
c .maya
2
0.0126 m3 C .maya m C . maya
m3 CO 2
r CO2 =27,702.0099
c .maya m3 C . maya
m3 gpc
r gpc =27,694.25
c .maya m3 C . maya
T REAL=94.219
kg CO 2
3.1701 kg C .maya 24 hr 365 dia
kg C .maya )( 1 )( 1 dia )( 1 ao )
hr .
bonoCO =
DATOS 2
kg C . maya kg CO 2
C .maya=1 (27,770.076 )
hr . ao bonoCO
bonoCO = =27.77 2
2
1000 ao
US $ bonoCO
Costobono =18
bono bonoCO =27.77 2
2
ao
bonoCO
1 bono=1000 kg CO 2
( 27.77
ao
2
)( 18
US $
bono )
=416.55 US $ /ao
kg CO 2 416. 55 US $ /ao
3.1701
kg C .maya