Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut

Practice Questions: Unit-2

Subject: Principle of Communication Code: EEC-502

Q1. If instantaneous phase of a signal is given as:

i(t) = 2000t + sin10t;
a) Write down the equation of Angle modulated signal
b) Find out the instantaneous phase at t=1ms
c) Find out the expression of instantaneous frequency and plot it.

Q2. If modulating signal is a square wave;

a) plot the pattern of instantaneous frequency
b) Draw the time domain FM signal.
c) Repeat the part b) if modulating signal is a sawtooth wave

Q3. Show that FM is a non-linear modulation scheme while AM is a linear modulation

scheme.

Q4. FM can be generated from Phase Modulator and PM from Frequency Modulator.
Explain with suitable block diagram.

Q5. What is difference between Narrowband and wideband FM? Explain

Q6. Derive the expression of narrowband FM and show that its B.W. is same as that of
AM signal.

Q7. With suitable block diagram, explain the generation of narrowband FM and PM.

Q8. Though the expressions of narrowband FM and AM signals contains a carrier term
and two sideband terms, but still in FM there is no amplitude variation but it is there in
AM signal. Why?

Q9. A single tone modulating signal cos(16103t) frequency modulates the carrier of 10
MHz and produces the frequency deviation of 75KHz. Find the following:
a) Write the equation of FM and PM.
b) Find the modulation index mf and mp.
c) Phase deviation produced in FM signal and frequency deviation produced in PM
signal.
d) If another modulating signal produces modulation index of 100 keeping the
deviation constant at 75KHz, find the amplitude and frequency of modulating
signal. Given kf = 15KHz/Volt.

Q10. Derive the expression of wideband FM and show the following in context to it:
a) Theoretical B.W. is infinite.
b) When mf is 0.5, FM becomes narrowband FM.
c) Its power is same as the power of un-modulated carrier.
d) Transmission efficiency is between 33% and 100%
Q11. How you will define modulation index for the case of multiple tone baseband
signals? A carrier of 1MHz frequency is FM modulated by modulating signal For the
following signal, 2cos(8103t)+ 4cos(4103t) + 8cos(2103t); Find the following:

a) Equation of FM and PM
b) Modulation Index of mf and mp
c) B.W. of FM signal using Carsons rule.

Q12. Draw the phasor diagram of narrowband PM and show that unlike AM there is no
amplitude variation in PM signal.

Q13. If following modulating signal: 3cos(8103t) angle modulates a carrier A cos wct;
find i) Modulation index and B.W. of FM and PM. ii) Determine the change in B.W. and
modulation index for both FM and Pm if fm is reduced to half.
Given kf = kp = 15x103 Hz/v (Rad/v)

Q14. Maximum deviation allowed in the case of commercial FM is 75 kHz. If

modulating signal is single tone sinusoid of 4 KHz, find the B.W. of FM signal. What will
be the change in B.W., if the modulating frequency is doubled? Determine the B.W.
when modulating signal amplitude is also doubled.

Q15. Repeat problem 14 using approximate expression of FM and calculate the

percentage of error between exact and approximate B.W.

Q16. Draw the phasor diagram of narrowband PM and show that unlike AM there is no
amplitude variation in PM signal.
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All questions of last three years university examination

Additional Problems of Unit1:

1. Show that Amplitude modulation is linear modulation while FM is not linear.
2. For the case of AM signal, show that the maximum power content is 1.5 times
the carrier power.
3. In superhytrodyne redio receiver (SHRR), why local oscillator frequency is kept
higher? Explain.
4. In SHRR, why intermediate frequency is chosen as 455KHz, Explain.
5. If following AM signal : A.cos wct [1+ma1 cos(w1t)+ ma2 cos(w2t)] is applied at the
input of linear detector, then show that the output will be original message signal.
6. Show that the modulation index of AM signal can be written as :
(Emax - Emin)/ (Emax + Emin); where Emax and Emin are maximum and minimum
amplitude respectively of AM signal.

Computer based experimentations using MATLAB:

1: Generate FM signal corresponding to single tone sinusoid and calculate deviation

and modulation index there from. Draw the corresponding plots.
2: Generate PM signal corresponding to single ton sinusoid and calculate deviation and
modulation index there from. Draw the corresponding plots.
3: Demodulation of FM/PM. Draw the corresponding plots.