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After birth infants respiratory system begins functioning it starts filling uo with air

and blood is now being oxygenated. Body temperature is now regulated


Humans are born with reflexes
Reflexes
According to Ciccarily psychology by Sandra K Ciccarily and J. Noland White , A
reflex is an innate involuntary behavior pattern
Humans possess innate involuntary behavior patterns called reflexes- this helps
infants survive until they are able to learn and understand more complex
interactions.
Root reflexes occurs when the corner of the babys face it touched the infant
reacts by turning hs or her head in the direction they were touched.
Suck reflexes this occurs when the roof of the babys mouth is touched and they
begin to suck.
Moro/startle reflex occurs when the baby is startled By a loud noise or movement
Tonic neck reflex occurs when the baby assumes the fencing position (babys head
turn to one side the arm on that side stretches outward and the opposite arm bends
at the elbow)
Grasp reflex occurs when you stroke the palm of the babys hand and the baby
reacts by closing their hand.
Babinski reflex occurs when you firmly stroke the sole of the infants foot and they
react by pointing his or her toe back and fans out the other toes.
Step/walking reflex the baby appears to step or walk when help upright when the
feet are placed on a surface.
Sensory development

Babies are born with a well-developed sense of touch


Sense of smell also well developed they are able to differentiate between their
mothers breast milk and another womans breast milk within only a few days after
birth
Taste- after birth infants are able to show a preference for salty tastes
Hearing this may take some time to fully develop, newborns may not be
responsive to high or low pitches.
Visual sharpness may take up to 6 months to perfect
The visual cliff this is an experiment conducted by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk
(1960) to study the depth perception in infants
Piagets theory four stages of cognitive development
This theory is coined my jean piaget after his observation with children, this theory
has been a significant contribution to the understanding of children and their way of
reasoning and thinking
The stages are:
The sensimotor stage occurs from birth to age 2, as infants we interact with the
use of the involuntary reflexes. As they grow older we explore the world around
them by using their sensory and motor ability.
Preoperational stage- ages 2 to 7 at this stage children begin to learn language
concepts. They no longer depend on just their sensory and motor ability they begin
to explore even more by asking questions they begin to use their imagination. Still
unable to think logically and rationally.

Concrete operational stage: at this stage, they are now able to think logically. They
are now able to come to more rational conclusions.
Formal Operational Stage At this stage Pialet believes that we are now able to
think about concepts and understand them things that have no physical reality.

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