Works Cited

Bromige, David and Sarah Hilbert. Susan Howe. Critical Survey of Poetry, Second Revised Edition,

September 2002, pp. 1-6. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=lfh&AN=103331CSP13020160000130&site=eds-live. Biography of Susan

Howe the postmodern poet. The source talks of her personal life and analysis of her writing style.

The information found in this biography can be used to help me and the reader understand the

mind of the poet and any allusions Howe uses toward her personal life. The source will not

directly support my thesis, but it aids me in finding information that will support my thesis

Howe, Susan. from Cabbage Gardens. Poetry Foundation, 1996, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-

and-poets/poems/detail/43253. Accessed 10 May 2017. This poem has a large amount of imagery

and is minimalistic in its structure. Many of the lines are not dense but are short, so the reader

will often pause after each lines. Although, for half of the poem, each line is only two or three

words. At the end of the poem, Howe reveals the purpose of the poem, it is an elegy. It is an

elegy of ancient civilizations and could be a metaphor for when America was taken away from

the Native Americans by explorers. The cabbage gardens are metaphors of creating something

new on top of what is already there. the cabbage gardens are America building a nation on top of

the Native American civilizations that were already here.

---. from Hinge Picture. Poetry Foundation, 1996, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-

poets/poems/detail/43251. Accessed 10 May 2017. This is one of the poems I will use to defend

my thesis. I chose this poem because the name sounds intriguing and knowing the writing style

of the author I know it will be an interesting poem to read. The poems has references to multiple

texts such as the childrens tale of Hansel and Gretel and the book of John in the Bible.
 Specifically, the poem references the verse John 3:16, about God sending His only son, Jesus, to

save the world from sin. Howe uses maximalism because she writes a page and a half long poem

based off of two quotes stated at the beginning of the poem. One of the quotes from Hansel and

Gretel and the other is an Irish proverb.

---. from My Emily Dickinson. Poetry Foundation, 1985, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-

poets/poems/detail/53265. Accessed 10 May 2017. This is a poetic prose entry by Susan Howe in

her book My Emily Dickinson. Dickinson was a female poet known for being a social recluse;

poems were published and popularized after death. Content contains dualism, references to

Greek philosopher, and indirectly speaks on being a female by comparing females to slaves. The

research on Emily Dickinson is specifically for any writings referring to Dickinson and the found

information will be used to support my claim or explain allusions.

---. That This. poets.org, www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/that-this. Accessed 11 May 2017. The source

will be used as support of the minimalistic approach of Howes writing. Each stanza is only two

lines long, except for one and the title of the poem is only two words, with no hidden metaphor.

The This in the title is supposed to represent the world which is the subject of the poem. This

is one of the simpler poems Howe has written, which makes it a good supporter of minimalism.

Kretchmar, Jennifer. Postmodernism. Research Starters: Education (Online Edition), 2015.

EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89164372&site=eds-

live. This content summarizes the origins and elements of postmodernism. The document tries to

relay the true meaning of postmodernism which is defined in the writings of postmodern

creators. For example, postmodernists reject the idea that the truth is attainable so the document

delves into how postmodernist research is conducted. The document also speaks on how the
 movement has affected education and student teacher relationships. The source will defend my

thesis if there are any elements of postmodernism I find in the writings by Susan Howe.

Narkiewicz, Beverly S. Poets & Friends. American History, vol. 30, no. 5, Nov/Dec95, p. 42.

EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9510250764&site=ehost-live. Written by Beverly Narkiewicz in

1995. About the literary figures Emily Dickinson and Helen Hunt Jackson friendship but deals

with more of Dickinsons life (biographical). The source will not directly support thesis but it

gives explanation of a selected writing of Susan Howe.

Nicholls, Peter. Unsettling the wilderness: Susan Howe and American history. Contemporary

Literature, vol. 37, no. 4, 1996, p. 586+. Literature Resource Center, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?

p=LitRC&sw=w&u=lap17ehs&v=2.1&id=GALE

%7CA19054806&it=r&asid=aad80c10a17770722ed4e14bc7959de7. Accessed 11 May 2017.

This book speaks on Howes life outside of poetry and mentions her artistry in painting, and it

gives the reader more information on the thinking of Howe. She criticizes the founding of

America, the Puritans, Mary Rowlandson, and Anne Hutchinson. Being in American Literature

and learning about American history helped very much when trying to understand her criticism

of the aforesaid topics and people. Howe thinks the Puritans are hypocrites for escaping religious

persecution but not allowing religious freedom and she hates that America was founded

upon crushing other people's culture and lifestyles.

Pritchard, Lisa. Postmodernism. May 2017, Baton rouge. Lecture. Mrs. Lisa Pritchard gave a class

lecture on Postmodernism using videos, displayed text, and examples of literature from the time

period to explain the characteristics of Postmodernism. I did enjoy the lecture because it
 combined lecturing with a visual element, the videos, because I am a visual and auditory learner.

This source will help support my thesis by giving simple definitions of the elements of

postmodernism I want to focus on.

Susan Howe Talks about Emily Dickinson at KWH, March 2010. YouTube, uploaded by Pennsound,

16 Feb. 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBoETt9DmPI. Accessed 7 May 2017. Video was

taken on March 23, 2010. Howe speaks on the poet Emily Dickinson and her book My Emily

Dickinson. I like that with a video of Howe I got to see her as more of a person that just a

writer. Seeing her as a living person and not a picture helped me read the poems in her voice and

tone, and understanding the topics of her poetry became even easier. I could not use this source

to support my thesis but it does help me understand who I am writing about.