Artikel 576

: 14 , 2016
576.
1.

, ,

, , :
) ,
;
)
.
2. ,

. .
3.
,
, ,

.
4. , ,
.
I. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1. ................................................................................. 2
. .................................................................................................................................................... 2
..
................................................................................................................................................................ 3
. . ...................................... 3
. . ...................................... 3
.. .................... 4
. ..................................................................................................................................... 4
2. .................................................................................. 5
II. ...................................................................................... 6
1. .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
. ................................................................................................................................................. 6
. ..................................................................................................................... 7
2. ......................................................................................... 9
. Bright-line .................................................................................................................................................... 10
. Economic realities ........................................................................................................................................ 11
. ...................................................................................................................... 11
. , .... 11
3. ....................................................................................................... 12
. .................................................................................................................................................... 13
. ................................................................................................................................. 14
. ...................................................................................................... 15
. ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
. ................................................................................................................................................. 17
. ................................................................................................................................................ 17
4. .......................................................................................................................................... 18
1

: 14 , 2016
. ............................................................................................. 18
. ...................................................................................................................... 19
III. ................................................................................................................... 19
1. ........................................................................................................................ 19
. .......................................................................................................................... 19
. ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
2. ............................................................................................................................. 22
. ............................................................................................ 22
. ,
......................................................................................................... 24
3. ................................................................................................... 25
4. Contra proferentem ..................................................................................................................................... 26
5. ........................................................................................... 26
6. .................................................................................................................... 26
IV. 576, ................................................ 27
1. ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
2. .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
I.
1.
1 .
. ,
,
.
-
;
; .1
2
.

.2
, 1988 28 ( -
) 2008 13 ( -
).
.
3
,
.3
1
,
-
.
2 Kronke, Financial Leasing and its Unification by UNIDROIT General Report, Uniform Law Review, 2011-1/2, 25.
3 . .
2

: 14 , 2016
, , 4
.4 ,

.
: ;
;
;

;
.
..

5
.
, .

. ,
.
,
, .5
6
. , ,
.6
. .
7
, , .
,
,
.
, , .7
. .
, 8

.8 ,
.9
4 . , -3 .
5 . Kronke, Financial Leasing and its Unification by UNIDROIT General Report, Uniform Law Review, 2011-1/2,
31.
6 , 32, . 12 V.
8 . -7 .
3

: 14 , 2016
9 ..

.
10
. ,

,
.11
10 , ,
:
.
, ;

;

() .12
.
11

.13 ,
.14
12 , 15 ,
:
;

;

. ,
10 ,
(Accelerated payment). . Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary, Eight Edition, Thomson West, 2004, p. 12.
-
(Liquidated damages clause). . Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary, Eight Edition,
Thomson West, 2004, p. 949-950.
12 . 1 II.
13 , (2011 ),
, , 2012.
14 .
15 Financial lease
4

: 14 , 2016

. 16
2.
2011 13
576-580
. ,
. ,
17
.
, , 14
,
.
, ,

.
18
. - ,
2002 7
( ). 2002 7

.
.19
, 15
. , ,

,
.20 ,

.21 ,
,
.22
16 . -2 .
17 . 578 I, . 580.
18 . .
19
. . ,
(2011 ),
, , 2012.
20 , ,
, 5/2002-4, . 538.
21, 532.
22, 536.
5

: 14 , 2016
16 , ,

.23
17
.24
18
.25
19 2011 13
,

.
20 576 ,
. ,

.26
II.
1.
.
21
. ,
finance lease,
(true lease,
operating lease-).27 , ,
finance lease financing lease.
,
.28 , - finance lease
23 , ,
, 5/2002-4, . 540.
24 . , , , 2004,
N2; . ,
, , N1(20), 2009.
25 ,
, , #3, 2001, . 39.

26 , (2011 ),
, , 2012.
28 - ,
,
:
6

: 14 , 2016
,
. ,
. , - financing lease ( financial
lease) . ,
, -
, finance lease.29
22

.
. 30

() ,
() . ,
.

.
23
, , .31
. ,

.
.
.
24
.32
(,

;

;

;

. . -
, 1-203 (b).
30 . , , , 5/2002-4,
. 506; . ,
, , N3, 2001.
31 . , /, , ,
N1-2, 2006, . 39.

32 . ,
, , N3, 2001, . 35; . , ,

, 5/2002-4, . 502.
7

: 14 , 2016
,33 )34 . ,
-
.
25
.
, .
26 ,
. ,
, .
, ,
.
. ,

. ,

.35
. ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
2008 19
,
. ,
,

. 36
27
, -
- .
,
.
.37

33 , , , 5/2002-4, .
502.
34 , - , IV, . I, 2001, . 576, . 150.
35 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, 1-8,
http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF; . Kronke, Financial Leasing
and its Unification by UNIDROIT General Report, Uniform Law Review, 2011-1/2, 31.
36 . , 11 I ; . 11 V 16 I .
37 , ,
5/2002-4, . 524.
8

: 14 , 2016
.
,

.
2.
28
.
29

, .
,
, .38
, 30
. ,
( ),
.
:
1) ; 2)
; 3)
; 4)
.39
(true lease) (finance lease) 31

. 40
, 32

,
.
-
. ,
,
.41
38 .
40 , 29.
41 Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary, Eight Edition, Thomson West, 2004, 908.
9

: 14 , 2016
. Bright-line
33
. ,
,
- .
.
, , .. bright-line test, -
.42
34 , ,
. ,
, :

;

;

;

.43
35 - ,

.

.

.44
, .45
42 . Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, In
re Grubbs Const. Co., 319 B.R. 698, 55 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 501, 18 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. B 75 (Bankr.M.D.Fla., Jan 07,
2005)(NO. 03-08573-8W1), 14, http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF
43 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, In re:
Arney, 2004 WL 1207769 (Bankr.C.D.Ill.) (June 2, 2004) (unreported opinion), 11,

http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF
44 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, In re
Grubbs Const. Co., 319 B.R. 698, 55 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 501, 18 Fla. L.Weekly Fed. B 75 (Bankr.M.D.Fla., Jan 07,
2005)(NO. 03-08573-8W1), 14, http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF
45 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005,
Lebron v. Citicorp Vendor Finance, Inc., Not Reported in S.W.3d, 2004 WL1615837 (Tex.App.-Dallas, Jul 20, 2004)(NO.
05-03-01240-CV), 16, http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF
10

: 14 , 2016
. Economic realities
, bright-line test- - 36
, , , economic realities test .46
,
,
, .47
.
, 37
48
. -
,
,49 .
-
. , - 50 -
,
,
() .
38
.51
. ,

- 39

.
,
.52
Dena Corp., 312 B.R. 162 (N.D. Ill.) (July 22, 2004), 13,
Fleming Companies, Inc., 308 B.R. 693 (Bankr.D.Del., 2004), 16,

48 ,
. , . . ,
, , 5/2002-4, . 506; .
, . 3 I .
49 Security interest.
50 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, In the
matter of Sanford, 2005 WL 629022 (Bankr.M.D.La. Jan. 31, 2005), 8.
51 2002 8 N 3-771-02 .
11

: 14 , 2016
40 -
. ,
, ,
.53
41 , :

;

.54
3.
42
. , , ()
. ,

. ,
. , ,

() . ,
55
.56
43
. ,
,
.
: ,
(- / -),
, , ,
Dena Corp., 312 B.R. 162 (N.D. Ill.) (July 22, 2004), . 13, . In re: UAL Corn 307 B.R. 618 (Bankr.N.D.III.
2004), 17, http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF
53 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, CIT
Technology Financing Services, Inc. v. Tricycle Enterprises, Inc. , 787, N.Y.S.2d 133 (App.Div. 2004), 9, . Fifth
Third Bank v. Roberts, 2004 WL 2785955 (Ohio App. 3 Dist. December 6, 2004), 9.
Arney, 2004 WL 1207769 (Bankr.C.D.Ill.) (June 2, 2004) (unreported opinion), 11,

55 , ,
.
56 Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota v. CD Video, Inc. , 6 Misc.3d 1003(A), 2004 WL 3029875 (N.Y.Sup.) (June 30, 2004)
(unpublished opinion), 49.

12

: 14 , 2016
,
;
, ( );

( );

( - );
();
.
,57

.58
. -
59 60

.61
.
. 44

- . , - 62

. ,
- ,
,
,
. ,
63
,

.64 ,
,
. ,

57 Acceleration clause
59 (fair market value),
, . . Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law,
Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, In re Linc Capital, Inc., 312 B.R. 368 (Bankr.N.D.Ill., Jul 21,
2004) (NO. BANKR. 01 B 03320, ADV. NO. 02 A 0007), 60,
Goodin v. TBF Financial, LLC, 2004 WL 813352 (Ky.App. April 16, 2004), (unpublished), 22,
61 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, IFC
Credit Corp. v. Eastcom, Inc., Slip Copy, 2005 WL 43159 (N.D.Ill., Jan 07, 2005)(NO. 04 C 6503), 39,
62 2002 8 N 3-771-02 .
63 .
64 .
13

: 14 , 2016
. ,

.65
45 -
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
.66
46 , .67

. 68
,69
70 .
.
47 71
.72 , ,

.

.

.

65 .
Fillmore v. Leasecomm Corporation, 2004 WL 3091642 (Mass.Super. Nov. 15, 2004), 1,
67 . , 11 I ; . 16 I .
68 , , , 5/2002-4, .
510.
69 . 576 IV.
70 ,
. . -8 38.
71 ,
. ,
, . ,
. . , ,
, 5/2002-4, 510.
72 . 576 I; . 5804 III; . , 1-3;
, . . ,
, , 5/2002-4, .
526.
14

: 14 , 2016
().

.
.
48
,73
. ( ) -

-
. ,
-
,
, -

-
.
. , ,
, ,
, ,
- .

( 448- ), ,
.
, ,
... ,

,
. , ,
() 448-
.
.
49
. ,

.
.
, -
.
73 2013 1 N -1087-1018-2012 .
15

: 14 , 2016

.74
50
75 . ,
.
,

.
51 - .76
.

. - -
.
- . ,

.
52
.
, :
,
. ,
.
,
.

.
53 ,
, ,
, . ,

. ,
,
, .

.
74 , , , 5/2002-4, .
516.
75 Sandwich lease. . Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary, Eight
Edition, Thomson West, 2004, 909; Sub-leasing. . -2 .

76 2010 5 N -661-967-09 .
16

: 14 , 2016
.
77 54
.78
55
,

.79
56
.80 ,

, ,
.81
.
. 57
,
. ,
82
.83
- - , Vicarious liability- 58

. ,

.84
77 -12 ,
.
78 , ,
5/2002-4, . 534.
79 . , 34; . ,
, , N2, 2004.
80 , 7-1 (a).
81 , 8-1 (b).
82 ,
.
. Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary,
Eight Edition, Thomson West, 2004, 934.
83 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, Ryan
v. Sobolevsky, 772 N.Y.S.2d 310 (App.Div. 2004), 29,
Chilberg v. Chilberg, 788 N.Y.S.2d 533 (App.Div. 2004), 28,

17

: 14 , 2016
59

.85
60 ,
. , ,

, . 86
4.
61
,
. :
, .
62 ,
,
.
,
. ,
.87
63 , , . .
,
,
.88
.
64
. ,
89 (
) .90
85 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, Lanni
v. ODonnell, 2004 WL 2550452 (Mass.Super. Oct. 12, 2004), 28,
http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF. . Recent Cases and Legal
Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, Marlin Financial & Leasing
Corp. v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., Slip Copy, 2004
WL 1698234 (Tenn.Ct.App., Jul 29, 2004)(NO. E2003-01045-COA-R3CV), 55.
87 , ,
, 5/2002-4, . 530.
88 , ,
5 #4 2002, 530.
89 Maintenance expenses
90 Fullservice lease- . . Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary, Eight Edition,
Thomson West, 2004, 908.
18

: 14 , 2016
,
.91
.
, , 65
. , .
, operating lease- ,

.92
, , 66
.

.
III.
.93 67

.
.
1.
.
, 68
.94 ,

.
- 69
95 ,
. ,
,
, .96
.
91 Net lease- . . .
92 .
Dena Corp., 312 B.R. 162 (N.D. Ill.) (July 22, 2004), 13,
94 .,
, , #3, 2001, . 36.

95 2002 8 N 3-771-02 .
96 .
19

: 14 , 2016
, .97
,
. ,

,

.98
,
,
,

.99 ,
,
,
.100
70
,
.
: ,

, ,
.101 ,

. , ,
,
.102 ,
,
,
.103
.
71 .104

.
97 .
98 .
99 .
100 .
101 .
102 .
103 .
104 , ,
. . ,
(2011 ),
, , 2012.
20

: 14 , 2016
72
, . Operating
lease- Finance lease- - ,

(
) ,
. , ,
, .
, ,

.105
- - 73
,
,
106
.107
74
.
,

( )

.108
75
. - -

.
. ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.109
106 . . Hell or high water
Fillmore v. Leasecomm Corporation, 2004 WL 3091642 (Mass.Super. Nov. 15,2004), 7.
108 , , , 5/2002-4, .
506.
109 , (2011 ),
, , 2012.
21

: 14 , 2016
2.
76
.

,110 .111
.
77 ,
,
. ,
.
-
,
.
78 112
. ,
,
,
.
.
,
. , ,

.

.
79
( ), , -
(
)
.
80

.
. ,

,

,
110 4.
111 6-1.
112 2013 25 N -1686-1580-2012 .
22

: 14 , 2016
... . ,
, ,
, ... ...
. , , ...

,
.
, ,
,
,
() .
81
,

.
82
,

,
. ,
,

. ,

,

.
83
,

( 552)
.
, 84
- -8 III, 115- 54-
. ,

.
23

: 14 , 2016
. ,

85
..
.
.113

. , ,
,

.
86 ,

.
.

.

.
87 -
,
. , -
114 - ,

. ,

.
88 -
. ,
- 115 -
,
.
,

. -
113 Hell or high water clauses

Harte-Hanks Direct Marketing/Baltimore, Inc. v. Varilease Technology Finance Group, Inc. , 299 F.Supp.2d 505 (D. Md.
2004), 3. http://www.elfaonline.org/cvweb_elfa/Product_Downloads/MLF05CSIMIAMI.PDF
Eureka Broadband Corporation v. Wentworth Leasing Corporation, 400 F.3d 62 (1st Cir. 2005), 1
24

: 14 , 2016
116 - ,
,

.
89
,117

.
3.
- 90
.
118 119
.120
91
.
,
.

.121
- 92
- .

. ,
, .122
116 Recent Cases and Legal Developments in Leasing Law, Equipment Leasing Association, Legal Association, 2005, Jaz,
Inc. v. Foley and First Hawaiian Leasing, Inc., 85 P.3d 1099 (Hawaii Intrmed.Ct. App. 2004), 3, ,
Relational Funding Corporation v. TCIM Services, Inc., 2004 WL 392875 (U.S.Dist.Ct. D. Del. February 24, 2004), 2,
118 Commercial/professional leasing
119 Consumer transaction
121 . , Advanta Business Services Corp. v. Colon, 4 Misc.3d 117, 782 N.Y.S.2d 502, 54 UCC Rep.Serv.2d
254, 2004 N.Y. Slip Op. 24260 (N.Y.Sup.App.Term, Jul 14, 2004)(NO. 2002-985 QC), . 57.
122 Winthrop Resources Corp. v. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc. , 361 F.3d 465 (March 11, 2004), . 25 . Ludl Electronics
Products, LTD v. Wells Fargo Financial Leasing, Inc., 6 A.D.3d 397, 775 N.Y.S.2d 59 (April 5, 2004). . 27. .
Central Funding, Inc. v. CompuServe Interactive Services, Inc., 2003 WL22177226 (Ohio App. 10 Dist. Sept. 23, 2003),
appeal not accepted for review, 802 N.E.2d 155 (OhioSup.Ct. 2004), . 37.
25

: 14 , 2016
93 -
, , .
- ,123
.
,
.124
4. Contra proferentem
94 - ,125
.
95 - 126 -
, -
( )
.
5.
96 - - 127 ,
,
,
. ,

, ,
.
,
:
, , ,
.128
6.
97 -
(Liquidated damages clause). , -
(
) , , :
;

; -
.129
123 Unconscionable action

124 Gallardo v. TCI Cablevision Of Texas, Inc., Not Reported in S.W.3d, 2004 WL1932662 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi, Aug
31, 2004) (NO. 13-02-460-CV), . 53.
125 IFC Credit Corp. v. Eastcom, Inc. , Slip Copy, 2005 WL 43159 (N.D.Ill., Jan 07, 2005)(NO. 04 C 6503), . 39.
126 Price v. Leasecomm Corporation, 2004 WL 727028 (M.D.N.C.) (March 31, 2004) (unreported opinion), . 43.
127 Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota v. CD Video, Inc. , 6 Misc.3d 1003(A), 2004 WL 3029875 (N.Y.Sup.) (June 30, 2004)
(unpublished opinion), 49.

128 , (2011 ),
, , 2012.
129 Garner (Editor), Blacks Law Dictionary, Eight Edition, Thomson West, 2004, 949-950.
26

: 14 , 2016
Liquidated damages - 98
-
. ,
,

.130
- - , Liquidated damages 99
,

.
,
.131
100
:
,

() .132 ,
, .133
IV. 576,
1.
576 . 101

576 ,
.
2.
576 I - . 102
, ,
.
. ,

.

.
130 ePlus Group, Inc. v. Panoramic Communications LLC, 2003 WL 1572000 (U.S.Dist.Ct. S.D.N.Y. March 27, 2003), 24.
131 Winthrop Resources Corp. v. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., 361 F.3d 465 (March 11, 2004), . 25.
132 . , 22-.
133 , -5.
27

: 14 , 2016
103 - 576 I
. , ,
,
. ,

.
.
104 576 II ,
,

. ,

576 I- . ,
,

.
105 576 III

. ,

.

.
106
576 IV-
. , ,
, .
28

Artikel 576

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Artikel 576

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

: 14 , 2016

, , #3, 2001, . 39.

N1-2, 2006, . 39.

, , N3, 2001, . 35; . , ,

(true lease) (finance lease) 31

Arney, 2004 WL 1207769 (Bankr.C.D.Ill.) (June 2, 2004) (unreported opinion), 11,

Fleming Companies, Inc., 308 B.R. 693 (Bankr.D.Del., 2004), 16,

Arney, 2004 WL 1207769 (Bankr.C.D.Ill.) (June 2, 2004) (unreported opinion), 11,

(unpublished opinion), 49.

Edition, Thomson West, 2004, 909; Sub-leasing. . -2 .

Chilberg v. Chilberg, 788 N.Y.S.2d 533 (App.Div. 2004), 28,

, , #3, 2001, . 36.

113 Hell or high water clauses

119 Consumer transaction

123 Unconscionable action

(unpublished opinion), 49.

105 576 III

Você também pode gostar