10 This Question Is About Chemicals Made From Sodium Chloride. (A) A

IGCSE chemistry SET X (Electrolysis)
10 This question is about chemicals made from sodium chloride.
(a) A
f solution X?
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Write down a use for hydrogen gas.
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 6]
solution of concentrated sodium chloride is electrolysed.
Look at the diagram. It shows the apparatus used.
chlorine hydrogen
sodium chloride
solution
solution X
membrane
Hydrogen gas and chlorine gas are made.
(i) Write down a chemical test for hydrogen.
test ....................................................................................................................................
result .......................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Write down a chemical test for chlorine.
test ....................................................................................................................................
result .......................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Solution X is also made in the electrolysis cell.
What is the name o
6 This question is about electrolysis.
Look at the diagram.
It shows the apparatus needed for the electrolysis of molten (liquid) lead bromide.
dc power supply
+
carbon cathode ceramic

crucible
carbon anode
molten (liquid)
lead bromide
heat
Look at the symbol equation. It shows how lead bromide is broken down during electrolysis.
PbBr2 Pb + Br2
(a) Electrolysis involves the movement of ions.
Molten (liquid) lead bromide can be electrolysed but solid lead bromide cannot.
Explain why.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Molten lead bromide contains lead ions, Pb2+, and bromide ions, Br.
Bromide ions lose electrons at the anode to make bromine molecules, Br2.
Construct the equation for this electrode reaction.
Use e to represent an electron.
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) During an experiment 9.65 A is passed through molten lead bromide for 100 seconds.
A mass of 1.035 g of lead was made at the cathode.
In a second experiment 19.3 A is passed through molten lead bromide for 50 seconds.
The same mass of lead was made at the cathode.
Explain why.
Use ideas about current and time.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]
IGCSE chemistry SET X (Oxygen & oxides)
8 Nigel investigates the rusting of iron.
It shows how he sets up his investigation.
Each test tube contains an iron nail.
1 2 3 4
air nitrogen air
iron nail
distilled water dry air water with no salty water

dissolved oxygen
After 2 weeks the nail in tube 1 was a bit rusty.
The nails in tubes 2 and 3 were not rusty.
The nail in tube 4 was very rusty.
(a) Two substances are needed for iron to rust.
Which two substances?
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) What substance speeds up rusting?
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Nigel repeats the investigation using aluminium instead of iron.
Aluminium does not corrode in any of the experiments.
Explain why.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 5]
Look at the table.
dc supply
+
negative electrode positive electrode
electrolyte
(a) Electrolysis is a type of chemical reaction.
What is meant by electrolysis?
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Luke uses dilute hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte.

A gas is made at the negative electrode.
What is the name of this gas?
Choose from the list.
chlorine hydrogen
hydrogen chloride
oxygen
answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Dilute ethanoic acid contains particles.
Look at the list of particles found in dilute ethanoic acid.
CH3COOH
CH3COO
H2O
+
H
OH
(i) Write down the formula of one ion that is attracted to the positive electrode.
answer ........................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write down the formula of a molecule.
answer ........................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 4]
10 This question is about fuel cells.
It shows a fuel cell.
light bulb
hydrogen gas oxygen gas

electrodes
electrolyte
(a) In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react to release energy.
What is the name of this type of energy?
electrical
kinetic
nuclear
sound
answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to make water.
Write a word equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) John collects some hydrogen gas in a tube.
John tests the gas to show that it is hydrogen. How does he do this?
test ............................................................................................................................................
result .................................................................................................................................. [2] It
shows the products of some electrolysis reactions.
Finish the table by filling in the gaps.
electrolyte product made product made

at cathode at anode
molten aluminium
oxygen
oxide
dilute sulfuric acid hydrogen

[2]
[Total: 2]
It shows the apparatus that can be used to electrolyse solutions.
(d) Car makers may replace diesel or petrol engines with fuel cells.
Other than cost, write down two reasons for doing this.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
dc supply
+
light bulb
electrolyte
When a current flows the light bulb will glow.
The more a solution conducts the brighter the bulb.
(a) Luke uses potassium nitrate solution as the electrolyte.

hydrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen dioxide
oxygen
answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Dilute ethanoic acid contains particles.
CH3COOH
CH3COO
H2O
+
H
OH
Luke uses ethanoic acid as the electrolyte.
Hydrogen is made at the negative electrode.
Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Luke uses hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte.
The light bulb glows much brighter than with dilute ethanoic acid of the same concentration.
Explain why.
Use ideas about
strong and weak acids
ions.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 4]
10 This question is about fuel cells.

dehydration
electrolysis
endothermic
exothermic
answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
dc supply
+
light bulb
electrolyte
The light bulb will glow when a current flows.
The bulb glows brighter when a solution conducts more.
(a) Luke uses
potassium nitrate
solution as the
electrolyte. It shows
a fuel cell.
light bulb
hydrogen gas oxygen gas
electrodes
electrolyte
In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react to release energy.
(a) Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to make water.
Write a word equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Car makers may replace diesel or petrol engines with fuel cells.
Other than cost, write down two reasons for doing this.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Hydrogen gas, H2, reacts at one electrode in a fuel cell.
The reaction makes hydrogen ions, H+, and electrons.
Write an equation for this reaction. Use e to show an electron.
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) Hydrogen can explode when it reacts with oxygen.
Heat energy is given out.
What type of reaction gives out heat?
hydrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen dioxide
oxygen
answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Dilute ethanoic acid contains particles.
CH3COOH
CH3COO
H2O
+
H
OH
Luke uses ethanoic acid as the electrolyte.
Hydrogen is made at the negative electrode.
Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Luke uses hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte.
The light bulb glows much brighter than with dilute ethanoic acid of the same concentration.
Explain why.
Use ideas about
strong and weak acids
ions.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 4]

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IGCSE chemistry SET X (Electrolysis)

10 This question is about chemicals made from sodium chloride.

(b) Write down a use for hydrogen gas.

Look at the diagram. It shows the apparatus used.

Hydrogen gas and chlorine gas are made.

(i) Write down a chemical test for hydrogen.

result .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Write down a chemical test for chlorine.

result .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Solution X is also made in the electrolysis cell.

What is the name o

IGCSE chemistry SET X (Electrolysis)

6 This question is about electrolysis.

Look at the diagram.

carbon cathode ceramic

(a) Electrolysis involves the movement of ions.

Construct the equation for this electrode reaction.

Use e to represent an electron.

A mass of 1.035 g of lead was made at the cathode.

The same mass of lead was made at the cathode.

Use ideas about current and time.

8 Nigel investigates the rusting of iron.

Look at the diagram.

It shows how he sets up his investigation.

Each test tube contains an iron nail.

air nitrogen air

distilled water dry air water with no salty water

After 2 weeks the nail in tube 1 was a bit rusty.

The nails in tubes 2 and 3 were not rusty.

The nail in tube 4 was very rusty.

(a) Two substances are needed for iron to rust.

Which two substances?

(b) What substance speeds up rusting?

(c) Nigel repeats the investigation using aluminium instead of iron.

Aluminium does not corrode in any of the experiments.

14 This question is about electrolysis.

Look at the table.

negative electrode positive electrode

(a) Electrolysis is a type of chemical reaction.

What is meant by electrolysis?

(b) Luke uses dilute hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte.

What is the name of this gas?

Choose from the list.

answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Dilute ethanoic acid contains particles.

Look at the list of particles found in dilute ethanoic acid.

Choose from the list.

answer ........................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Write down the formula of a molecule.

Choose from the list.

answer ........................................................................................................................ [1]

10 This question is about fuel cells.

Look at the diagram.

It shows a fuel cell.

hydrogen gas oxygen gas

(a) In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react to release energy.

What is the name of this type of energy?

Choose from the list.

answer ............................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to make water.

Write a word equation for this reaction.

Finish the table by filling in the gaps.

electrolyte product made product made