World Diseases

Logan
Whitlock
+ Junior at NEXT High
School
+ Semi-Zika Expert
 Mary Beth
Hughes
+ Senior at NEXT High
School
+ Semi-Influenza Expert
 Zachary
Branham
+ Sophomore at NEXT
High School
+ Semi-H7N9 Expert
 Safia
Bouderka
+ Sophomore at NEXT
High School
+ Semi-Dengue Expert
 Dayton
Meetze
+ Sophomore at NEXT
High School
+ Semi-Cholera Expert
 John
William
Haynes
+ Senior at NEXT High
School
+ Semi-Ebola Expert
 Zika
Zika is a virus that first appeared in 1952 in Uganda;
there are over 1.60 million cases reported worldwide.
Symptoms
Fever, Rash, Joint Pain, Red eyes, Whole body fatigue,
and may cause birth defects. Symptoms can last roughly a week.
Treatment/
Prevention+ Rest
+ Drink fluids
+ Tylenol to reduce fever
+ Mosquito repellent
+ Dont share drinks
Transmission
Animals; insects mainly mosquitoes.
Location
+ 70 countries and territories since 2007
+ Primarily in South America and Africa
 Number of Zika cases in
cases reported Puerto Rico by weeks.

weeks
Number of Zika cases in
Puerto Rico by weeks.

.75x
y = .001e
Prediction
For five years if zika is left untreated and unchecked it
would be greater than the total population of puerto rico,
(and it would be greater than the entire earth)
this isn't realistically possible seeing as how people
would take measures to stop the spread. But this
could happen if Zika was left to grow and no
one took any measures against it.
Summary
Zika is a fast spreading disease that can be transmitted
very quickly especially in tropical areas.Mosquito control
is important for Zika prevention. Zika can grow at such
a rapid rate if unchecked that it could be given
to everyone in the entire world. It's important that
we protect ourselves from Zika because it can
cause syndromes which can kill humans
and also cause birth defects in newborns.
In luenza
a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory
passages causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh,
and often occurring in epidemics. It is an airborne
disease.
Transmission
+ The flu virus is spread out in many different ways. You can contract it by having contact
with someone who already has the virus or by just being around them. Touching an item
that someone with the flu has touched is a common way people contract the flu.

+ The flu can be caused by just having a common cold. Type A and B cause the seasonal
outbreak of the flu while Type C causes more respiratory symptoms. Type A and B are
what 20% of people get. Typically, Type C is less severe.

+ There is more than 100 ways to contract the flu by just having a cold before hand.
:
Laboratory-Confirmed In luenza
Hospitalizations
Preliminary cumulative
rates as of March 11,2017
 Logistic
Growth Model
85
Y= 1 + 140,000
-0.1e
+
A,B,C,D
There are four types of the influenza viruses, A, B, C, and D. Types A and B
are seasonal epidemics and occur almost every winter in the United
States. Influenza type C cause a mild respiratory illness and are not
thought to cause epidemics. Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and
are not known to infect or cause illness in people.

+ There is no vaccine specifically for Influenza C. Just the regular flu shot is
protocol for type A,B, and C. Type D effects animals and isn't known to
cause a virus in people.
Symptoms and Prevention
+ Fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion,
runny nose, headaches, and fatigue.

+ Pain area stays in the muscles, often making

the person feel weak. Cough can be dry or
carry mucus. Chills dehydration, and sore
throat are often common.

+ Prevention can be easily reached. Receive the

flu vaccination each year through the shot or
mist. Other habits to lessen your chance of
getting the flu are, wash hands often, cover
your cough or sneeze, and by practicing
proper hygiene. You are 60% chance more
likely to get the flu if you do not vaccinate.
Summary + There are four types of the flu
+ A and B are the most considerable and treated the same way
+ Influenza can be spread in many ways and is an airborne disease
+ It shows up seasonal in the United States
+ Symptoms include chills, fever, muscle aches, and sore throat
+ The flu can be easily avoiding by just being treated beforehand
 H7N9
H7N9 is a subtype of the influenza virus that was first discovered in March 2013 in China
Symptoms 37%
The most common symptoms of H7N9 are severe pneumonia, muscle aches, and upper
respiratory problems.
Transmission
Animals; From infected poultry to humans, No sustained human to human contact
 Treatment/
Prevention + Avoiding LIve Poultry Markets
+ Cooking All Meats To Recommended Safe Temperature
+ Treated With Antivirals Used For Common Seasonal Influenza
+ No Vaccines Currently In Use, Though Some Are In Development
+ When Outbreaks Start, Closing The Live Poultry Markets Has Shown To Reduce The
Number Of Cases
 Location
+ Found In China And Has Not Spread Outside Of Asia
+ Cases Are Typically Found In People Who Have Had Exposure To Live Poultry
Markets
 cases reported

date
Number of H7N9 Cases In China By Days.
2
(x-30)
170
f(x)=4.5e

y = .001e
 Prediction
I expect that the future growth will be fairly similar to what it was in this last seasonal
outbreak, because as long as it does not mutate to be spread from human to human, then
it is limited by the amount of exposure that humans have because if you are not in contact
with the bird that carries the virus, then you will most likely not contract the virus. On the
other hand if the virus does mutate to be able to spread from human to human it has the
potential to be a pandemic that would have the ability to spread across the world and
with a mortality rate of 40% that could have disastrous consequences.
Summary
e does not show the effects of an immediate health risk, but there is a potential for
mutate and become antiviral resistant and turn into a super-virus that is especially
y to children, elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. If we dont make
mpts to stop it soon this could become a reality and pose a serious public health
threat to the world.
 Dengue
A fast spreading and dangerous disease with the potential of becoming a pandemic
Symptoms 37%
People with weak immune systems such as children, elderly, and people with immune
system problems can experience hemorrhagic fever, possibly resulting in death
Transmission
Animals; From mosquitos and commonly transmitted close to or within the home
 Treatment/
Prevention + Pain relievers and rehydration therapy
+ Some moderately effective vaccines exist
+ Avoiding travel to areas with high mosquito population
+ Wearing mosquito repellent when outside
+ There is an ongoing project testing the viability of introducing a bacteria to sterilise
mosquitos carrying Dengue so that it is not spread to mosquito offspring
 Location
+ Most common in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific
+ The virus has jumped between continents in relatively small amounts of time
 cases reported

date
Number of Dengue Cases Over Time.

2
0.3x
y=7e
Prediction
I predict that the outbreak of Dengue will continue to get worse if we leave it as it is and
do not make any attempts to combat the spread of this virus. I believe that if we found a
way to make better vaccines or if the project to sterilise mosquitos that carry Dengue is
successful and deployed that the virus could be stopped and the number of cases could
be brought down as much as 50% in a matter of a few years.
 Summary
H7N9 may not seem like an immediate public health risk, but if it was to mutate or adapt
to be able to spread between humans it would be able to cause serious problems and
become a global pandemic. This is also a highly fatal disease that would potentially kill
millions if not billions of people worldwide in a short period of time.
Summary
These diseases may not seem like they are that dire at the
moment, but these exponential growth models show that
in the right circumstances they can be extremely deadly
and can become a serious world health threat. Many of
these diseases would become pandemic if they had an
effective and fast way of transmitting from person to
person, meaning that we have to keep developing vaccines
and protections against these diseases in order to prevent
massive global pandemics that are very deadly and could
cause huge harm to mankind.
Sources + http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&q=388266
http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/en/
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/situation-report/25-august-2016/en/
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6517e2.htm
http://ojs.wpro.who.int/ojs/index.php/wpsar/article/view/521/733