How to create a 3D HorizonCube?

Version: 4.4
support@opendtect.org
 Outline

Introduction

Required data

Workflow
Data Preparation
Create HorizonCube
 Introduction

This presentation will guide you through the workflow to

create a 3D HorizonCube in OpendTect 4.4. It is arranged
into two major parts:

Data preparation

Create and Optimize HorizonCube Results

 Introduction

A HorizonCube is a dense set of automated seismic horizons. The seismic

horizons are tracked using an smart dip-based tracking algorithm.

Interpreted Horizon

Automated Horizons

Interpreted Horizon
 Introduction

There are two types of HorizonCubes

Continuous HorizonCube Truncated HorizonCube

Applications: Applications:
Low Frequency Models Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation
Geologic Modeling Wheeler Transformation
Attribute Visualizations in 3D Attribute Visualizations in 3D
 Introduction
Applications of HorizonCube
 Outline

Introduction

Required data

Workflow
Data Preparation
Create HorizonCube
Optimize HorizonCube
 Required Data

The following data is required and it should be

available in the OpendTect survey in which you
would like to create a HorizonCube.

Seismic Volume (PSTM/PSDM)

SteeringCube(s)
Interpreted Seismic Horizons
Interpreted Faults (optional)
 Outline

Introduction

Required data

Workflow
Data Preparation
Create HorizonCube
Optimize HorizonCube
 Workflow

Interpret / Import Import

Horizons Seismic

Purpose:
Background Post stack Smooth the seismic events to
SteeringCube filtered* Seismic improve continuity in the dip field
(SteeringCube).

Detailed
SteeringCube

Trimmed Horizons Interpret / Import

Faults
* Post stack filters
a. Mandatory
Dip Steered Median Filter
b. Optional HorizonCube
Seismic Spectral Blueing
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering
 Workflow

Interpret / Import Import

Horizons Seismic

Background Post stack

SteeringCube filtered* Seismic

Detailed
SteeringCube

Trimmed Horizons Interpret / Import

Faults
* Post stack filters
a. Mandatory
Dip Steered Median Filter
b. Optional HorizonCube
Seismic Spectral Blueing
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering

This workflow is assuming that the greyed-out steps have already been done. If not,
please follow the help documentation of OpendTect.
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Interpret / Import Import

Horizons Seismic

Background Post stack NEXT SLIDES

SteeringCube filtered* Seismic

Detailed
SteeringCube

Trimmed Horizons Interpret / Import

Faults
* Post stack filters
a. Mandatory
Dip Steered Median Filter
b. Optional HorizonCube
Seismic Spectral Blueing
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Which version of the seismic data to use?

It is always recommended to apply

a mild dip steered median filter
(structural smoothing) on the
input seismic data.

This version of seismic data

generally fits for most of the
purposes (SSIS workflows, Low
Frequency Modeling, Geologic
modeling etc.).
Input Seismic
Dip steered median
filtered seismic
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Which version of the seismic data to use?

For detailed SSIS Interpretations

Input Seismic
Dip steered median Spectrally Blued Seismic
filtered seismic (SSB Processed)
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Which version of the seismic data to use?

Spectrally blued version of seismic
data is also a recommended
version to use as an input for
HorizonCube. Because, it contains
better vertical resolution.

This data is used to carry out

detailed SSIS interpretation.

Input Seismic
Dip steered median Spectrally Blued Seismic
filtered seismic (SSB Processed)
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Which version of the seismic data to use?

If the bandwidth of seismic data is low and the data contains high frequency noisy
events, then apply band passed filter on it.

Target

Input Seismic
Dip steered median Band-passed (5-25Hz)
filtered seismic filtered seismic data
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Which version of the seismic data to use?

Bandpassed filter is suggested
only for a poor quality seismic
data, and for low frequency model
building (optional). It is only
recommended to optimize the
bandwidth of the target zone.

Target

Input Seismic
Dip steered median Band-passed (5-25Hz)
filtered seismic filtered seismic data
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

Which version of seismic data to use?

In all cases, we suggest to apply a mild dip steered median filter to the
imported seismic data.

a.Mandatory Purpose(s)
Dip steered median filter Improve continuity

However, we also suggest the other post-stack filters:

b. Optional
Seismic Spectral Blueing Better Vertical Resolution
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering Optimize Bandwidth to
get continuity.
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

In this presentation, we will only apply the dip steered median filter to the
seismic data and will create a HorizonCube afterwards.

a.Mandatory Purpose(s)
Dip steered median filter Improve continuity

However, we also suggest the other post-stack filters:

b. Optional
Seismic Spectral Blueing Better Vertical Resolution
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering Optimize Bandwidth to
get continuity.
 Workflow
Post stack filtered Seismic

For the Dip steered median filtered seismic, you will require a Background
SteeringCube i.e. You will have to create it in OpendTect.

NEXT SLIDE

Create Background SteeringCube

 Workflow
Create Background SteeringCube

Data courtesy: TNO and dGB Open Seismic Repository (OSR)

 Workflow
Create Background SteeringCube

Select the input seismic data from which the dip/azimuth

(SteeringCube) would be calculated.

1 1 1
 Workflow
Create Background SteeringCube

Use the fast calculation algorithm with small calculation steps and apply a
median filter with large steps (e.g. 5,5,5).
Note: The purpose of this SteeringCube is to smooth the seismic data.

1 1 1
 Workflow
Dip Steered Median Filtered Seismic

NEXT SLIDE

Dip steered median filtered Seismic

 Workflow
Apply a Dip-steered median filter to the seismic data

Define the DSMF Seismic attribute

Tips:
My data is less noisy.
- Solution: Use small stepouts e.g. (2,2)

My data is very noisy.

- Solution: Use large stepouts e.g. (5,5)
 Workflow
Apply a Dip-steered median filter to the seismic data

Create output volume of the DSMF Seismic attribute

 Workflow
Apply a Dip-steered median filter to the seismic data

Once you have a smoothed seismic, you can use it to create a detailed SteeringCube
that will be used as an input to a HorizonCube.

Data courtesy: TNO and dGB Open Seismic Repository (OSR)

 Workflow
Detailed SteeringCube

Interpret / Import Import

Horizons Seismic

Background Post stack

SteeringCube filtered* Seismic

Detailed NEXT SLIDES

SteeringCube

Trimmed Horizons Interpret / Import

Faults

HorizonCube
 Workflow
Create a Detailed SteeringCube from DSMF Seismic

Select DSMF Seismic as an input cube.

 Workflow
Create a Detailed SteeringCube from DSMF Seismic

To get detailed SteeringCube, we recommend to use FFT type of dip calculation. At the start, you could
use the following paramters to create a HorizonCube. Note that you will have to process two or three
Detailed SteeringCubes by varying the calculation as well as filtering steps. Then process two or three
HorizonCube(s) to pick the best one.
 Workflow
Trimmed Horizons (Optional)

Interpret / Import Import

Horizons Seismic

Background Post stack

SteeringCube filtered* Seismic

Detailed
SteeringCube

Trimmed Horizons
NEXT SLIDES Interpret / Import
Faults
* Post stack filters
a. Mandatory
Dip Steered Median Filter
b. Optional HorizonCube
Seismic Spectral Blueing
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering
 Workflow
Trimmed Horizons (Optional)

Next Step: Trim Horizons

The HorizonCube algorithm computes the fault throw along the fault plane from the
throw at the bounding (input) top and bottom horizons. To do this the horizons and
faults must be made water-tight. This is done by trimming the horizons, a two
steps approach:
1- A zone around the fault planes is blanked.
2- The blanked zones are re-tracked from a SteeringCube.
Fault

Input Horizon`s

Trimmed Horizons

Data courtesy: CNSOPB and dGB Open Seismic Repository (OSR)

 Workflow
Trimmed Horizons (Optional)

Next Step: Trim Horizons

Use the HorizonCube Sub-menu (as shown below)
 Workflow
Trimmed Horizons (Optional)

Next Step: Trim Horizons (if necessary)

Select the option to trim the horizons against faults and Go.
 Workflow
Trimmed Horizons (Optional)

Next Step: Trim Horizons

Repeat this for all Horizons that have noisy geometry close to a fault plane.

Tip:
If trimming is done with a
single threshold (=blank
& re-track) and the
threshold distance does
not give satisfactory
results consider step-wise
trimming i.e.

First use the faults with a

small threshold and then
progressively increase the
threshold.
 Outline

Introduction

Required data

Workflow
Data Preparation
Create HorizonCube
Optimize HorizonCube
 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Interpret / Import Import

Horizons Seismic

Background Post stack

SteeringCube filtered* Seismic

Detailed
SteeringCube

Trimmed Horizons Interpret / Import

Faults
* Post stack filters
a. Mandatory
Dip Steered Median Filter
NEXT SLIDES
b. Optional HorizonCube
Seismic Spectral Blueing
BP (Low/High pass) Filtering
 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Use the Processing Menu....

Click on Create New HorizonCube.

 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Select the bounding Horizons between which the

HorizonCube will be created.
 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

The next step is to select a SteeringCube and define

HorizonCube settings.
 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Now define advanced options:

 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Now define advanced options:

Tip:
Rather than processing N iterations in one
run do one iteration per run and QC the
results before filling remaining gaps with
the next iteration.

The parameters are illustrated here.

Press OK to the advance options dialog, and also to the

Settings dialog.
 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Select the faults and give an output name to the

HorizonCube....
Analyze:

It is often observed that the start position can

be at a fault location. It is recommended to use
the Analyze button before you press the Go
button. It checks

1. the location of a start position whether it is

at a fault location or not. If that is a case,
then please change the start position found
in the Settings.
2. The availability/ranges of SteeringCube. If
the warning is about SteeringCube, then
you will have to check the inconsistency
and revise the SteeringCube.
 Workflow
Create HorizonCube

Press Go button to start creating a HorizonCube.

Batch Program showing progress of HorizonCube
processing.

Wait until the batch program says Finished batch

processing.
 Workflow
Display HorizonCube

Select a HorizonCube from the main Processing menu...

 Workflow
Display HorizonCube

Add the HorizonCube overlay to an inline/crossline...

An inline with an overlay of HorizonCube

 Outline

Introduction

Required data

Workflow
Data Preparation
Create HorizonCube
Optimize HorizonCube
 Workflow
Optimize HorizonCube

Issue: HorizonCube events do not follow the seismic data

SteeringCube:
Calculation steps: 111
Filtering steps: 111
 Workflow
Optimize HorizonCube

Issue: HorizonCube events do not follow the seismic data

Revise the Detailed SteeringCube (change the filtering parameters)

SteeringCube:
Calculation steps: 111
Filtering steps: 333