MICROBIOLOGY and PARASITOLOGY

CHAPTER 1
- advance course in biology dealing with small living organisms or microbes-
UBIQUITOUS virtually everywhere

since viruses are ACELLULAR [not composed of cells] they are often referred to as
infectiousagents or infectious particles rather than microorganisms

Microbiology Includes the Study of

BACTERIA BACTERIOLOGYFUNGI MYCOLOGYVIRUSES VIROLOGYALGAE

PHYCOLOGYPROTOZOAN OR PROTOZOAS PROTOZOOLOGY

Reasons for Studying Microbiology

- to get to know the indigenous micro flora [beneficial bacteria] Lactobacilli

digestive tract Ecoli [non-pathogenic] prevent other pathogenic microorganisms
to get into our system- develop awareness on the presence of opportunistic
pathogens or opportunists- to know that photosynthetic algae and bacteria
[cyanobacteria] releases oxygen into the atmosphere

Importance of Microbes

- Microbes are important as decomposers or saprophytes since they aid in

fertilization by returninginorganic nutrients into the soil- Microbes are used in
bioremediation to clean up or decompose industrial wastes like oil spills-
Microorganisms are involved in elemental cycles [carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur
and phosphorus]- Microbes serve as food for smaller animals; important part of the
food chain- Microbes aid in food digestion and some produces beneficial substances
or solutions- Microbes are used in various industries such as food, beverage,
chemical and antibiotic industriesIt is known as BIOTECHNOLOGY [examples are
yogurt, yakult drink, wine and cheese]small bacteria and fungi produce antibiotics

- Microbes are used in genetic engineering- Microbes are used as cell models-
Microbes cause either infection diseases or intoxication

Historical Background

MICROBIOLOGY

microscopy, staining procedures, laboratory procedures, culture techniques

People who Contributed to the Discovery of Microbiology

A.Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

-1
st
to see bacteria [bacterium] and protozoa [field of lenses]- lens maker and in one of
his production he saw microorganisms
B.Louis Pasteur
- Fermentation [eliminating bacteria]

Pasteurization- discovered anaerobes- discovered infectious agents causing

silkworm diseases- contributed to the
germ theory of disease
- championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the spread of by pathogens-
developed vaccines to prevent chicken cholera, anthrax and swine erysipelas [skin
disease]

C.Robert Koch
- discovered the
germ theory of disease
[Kochs postulates]- Bacillus anthracis produces spores capable of resisting adverse
conditions- developed method of fixing, staining and photographing bacteria-
developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media- discovered
mycobacterium tuberculosis and vibrio cholerae- worked on tuberculin which led to
the development of a skin test valuable in diagnosingtuberculosis

Careers in Microbiology

Microbiology : MicrobiologistBacteriology : BacteriologistVirology:

VirologistPhycology: PhycologistMycology: MycologistProtozoolgy:
ProtozoologistApplied Microbiology [biotechnology, medical and clinical
microbiology]Medical Microbiology the study of pathogens, the disease they cause
and the bodys

defenses against disease concerned with epidemiology

Classification of Bacteria based on DR. BERGEY

- Morphology- Staining reactions- Cultural characteristics- Biochemical or Physiologic

Behavior - Genetic analyses- Animal inoculations- Immunologic differences

BERGEYS MANUAL of determining BACTERIOLOGY [19 categories]

1.
Phototrophic Bacteria produce own food photosynthesis: green pigment -
chlorophyll
2.
Gliding Bacteria flagella / cilia
3.
Sheathed Bacteria encloses organism : facultitively anaerobica.Escherichia
rodsb.Salmonellac.Shigellad.Klebsiellae.Proteus
4.
Budding or Appendaged

guides through budding [maturing]

5.
Spirochetes
6.
Spiral and Curved
7.
Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Coccia.Pseudomonasb.Azotobacter
c.Rhizobiumd.Halobacter e.Brucellaf.Bordetellag.Francisella
8.
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic
Rodsa.Escherichiab.Salmonellac.Shigellad.Vibrioe.Klebsiellaf.Enterobacter
g.Pasteurellah.Serratiai.Proteur j.Yersiniak.Haemophilus
9.
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteriaa.Bacteriodesb.Fusobacterium
10.
Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli [aerobes]a.Neisseria
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PHARDOSE LAB Preparation 21-31
prep 22-27
Extraction of Total Lipids from Chicken Egg Yolk and Column Chromatography of
Lipids
C 13 Solutions
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Ph Measurement and Buffer Preparation (Formal Report)
Post Lab Notes
C-9 Modified Release
Formal Report Extraction of Total Lipids From Chicken Egg Yolk and Column
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C-8 Tablets
PHAR3 LAB - Preparation 22-30
Suppositories and inserts
Extraction of Total Lipids from Chicken Egg Yolk, Column Chromatography and
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Community Health Nursing Notes Summary
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Clinical Chemistry Medical Technology Reviewer for Printing
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C-10 Ointment, Cream, Gel
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