Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
PD PD
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
Material
Prepared by:
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
Formation of different structures w.r.t
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
% age of Carbon
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
Pearlite Grain Structure
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
Pearlite cementite grain structure
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
Transformation of structure
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
Heat treatment
The controlled heating and cooling processes used
to change the structure of a material and alter its
physical and mechanical properties.
Annealing
The steady heating of a metal at a certain
temperature above the re crystallization phase
followed by a gradual (inside furnance) cooling
process
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
Full annealing
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
Quenching
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
Tempering
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
Austenite phase
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
Pearlite
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
Martensite
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
ww
ww
om
om
k
k
lic
lic
Hypereutectoid steel
C
C
.c
.c
w
w
tr re tr re
.
.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a