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Textbook in History
for Class VIII
2015-16 (12-01-15)
ISBN 978-81-7450-838-6
First Edition
January 2008 Magha 1929 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Reprinted q No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
January 2009 Magha 1930 or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the
January 2010 Magha 1931 publisher.
November 2010 Kartika 1932 q This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be
January 2012 Magha 1933 lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publishers
February 2013 Magha 1934 consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published.
January 2014 Pausa 1935 q The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page, Any
December 2014 Pausa 1936 revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other
means is incorrect and should be unacceptable.
PD 480T RPS
NCERT Campus
Sri Aurobindo Marg
New Delhi 110 016 Phone : 011-26562708
108, 100 Feet Road
Hosdakere Halli Extension
Banashankari III Stage
Bangalore 560 085 Phone : 080-26725740
Publication Team
ii
2015-16 (12-01-15)
FOREWORD
2015-16 (12-01-15)
available for teaching. The textbook attempts to enhance
this endeavour by giving higher priority and space to
opportunities for contemplation and wondering, discussion
in small groups, and activities requiring hands-on experience.
Director
New Delhi National Council of Educational
30 November 2007 Research and Training
iv
2015-16 (12-01-15)
TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
CHIEF ADVISOR
Neeladri Bhattacharya, Professor, Centre for Historical Studies,
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
MEMBERS
Anil Sethi, Professor, Department of Education in Social Sciences,
NCERT, New Delhi
MEMBER -COORDINATOR
Reetu Singh, Assistant Professor, History, Department of Education
in Social Sciences, NCERT, New Delhi
2015-16 (12-01-15)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
vi
2015-16 (12-01-15)
Contents
Foreword iii
vii
2015-16 (12-01-15)
Contents of Part 1
viii
2015-16 (12-01-15)
ISBN 978-81-7450-838-6
First Edition
January 2008 Magha 1929 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Reprinted q No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
January 2009 Magha 1930 or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the
January 2010 Magha 1931 publisher.
November 2010 Kartika 1932 q This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be
January 2012 Magha 1933 lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publishers
February 2013 Magha 1934 consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published.
January 2014 Pausa 1935 q The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page, Any
revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other
means is incorrect and should be unacceptable.
PD 460T MJ
NCERT Campus
Sri Aurobindo Marg
New Delhi 110 016 Phone : 011-26562708
108, 100 Feet Road
Hosdakere Halli Extension
Banashankari III Stage
Bangalore 560 085 Phone : 080-26725740
Publication Team
ix
2015-16 (12-01-15)