EJEMPLO DE DIFERENCIAS DIVIDIDAS FINITAS

En una planta se bombea esencia de trementina, 60 C, desde la base de una

columna de fraccionamiento hasta un gran tanque de almacenamiento
descubierto.
La columna opera a 1,29 atmsferas. En la siguiente tabla se representan
los datos relativos los litros por hora que puede bombear la bomba en
funcin de la potencia en watios a la que es necesario que trabaje:
Punto 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Q(l/h) 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900
N(w) 365 361.6 370.6 379.6 384.4 395.5 395.9 397
4 8 6 5

PRIMERAS DIFERENCIAS

f ( x 1) f ( x 0) 361.636 5
- f(X0, X1) = x 1x 0 = 700500 = -0.017000000

f ( x 2) f ( x 1) 370.64361.6
- f(X1, X2) = x 2x 1 = 900700 = 0.045200000

f ( x 3 )f ( x 2) 379.68370.64
- f(X2, X3) = x 3x 2 = 1100900 = 0.045200000

f ( x 4 ) f ( x 3 ) 384.46379.68
- f(X3, X4) = x 4 x 3 = 13001100 = 0.023980000

f ( x 5 )f ( x 4 ) 395.5384.46
- f(X4, X5) = x 5x 4 = 15001300 = 0.055200000

f ( x 6 )f ( x 5) 395.95395.5
- f(X5, X6) = x 6 x5 = 17001500 = 0.002250000

f ( x 7 )f ( x 6) 397395.95
- f(X6, X7) = x 7x 6 = 19001700 = 0.005250000

SEGUNDAS DIFERENCIAS
 f ( x 1 , x 2 )f (x 0 , x 1) 0.0452(0.017)
- f(X0, X1, X2) = x 2x 0 = 900500 =

0.000155500
f ( x 2 , x 3 )f (x 1 , x 2) 0.04520.0452
- f(X1, X2, X3) = x 3x 1 = 1100700 =

0.0000000000
f ( x 3 , x 4 ) f (x 2 , x3 ) 0.023980.0452
- f(X2, X3, X4) = x 4x 2 = 1300900 =

-0.000053050
f ( x 4 , x 5 ) f ( x 3 , x 4) 0.05520.02398
- f(X3, X4, X5) = x 5x 3 = 15001100 =

0.000132535
f ( x 5 , x 6 )f ( x 4 , x 5) 0.002250.0552
- f(X4, X5, X6) = x 6 x 4 = 17001300 =

-0.000132375
f ( x 6 , x 7 )f (x 5 , x 6 ) 0.005250.00225
- f(X5, X6, X7) = x7 x 5 = 19001500 =

0.000007500

TERCERAS DIFERENCIAS

f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 )f ( x 0 , x 1 , x 2) 00.0001555
- f(X0, X1, X2, X3) = x 3x 0 = 1100500 =

-0.000000259
f ( x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) f ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) 0.000053050
- f(X1, X2, X3, X4) = x 4x 1 = 1300700

= -0.000000088
f ( x 3 , x 4 , x5 ) f ( x2 , x3 , x 4 )
- f(X2, X3, X4, X5) = x 5x 2 =

0.00007805(0.00005305)
1500900 =0.000000219
 f ( x 4 , x 5 , x6 ) f ( x 3 , x 4 , x 5 )
- f(X3, X4, X5, X6) = x 6x 3 =

0.0001323750.00007805
17001100 = -0.000000351

f ( x 5 , x 6 , x 7 )f ( x 4 , x 5 , x 6 )
- f(X4, X5, X6, X7) = x 7x 4 =

0.0000075(0.000132375)
19001300 = 0.000000233

CUARTAS DIFERENCIAS

f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) f ( x0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3)
- f(X0, X1, X2, X3, X4) = x 4x 0 =

0.000000088+0.000000259
1300500 =0

f ( x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x5 ) f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 )
- f(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) = x 5x 1 =

0.000000219+ 0.000000088
1500700 =0

f ( x 3 , x 4 , x5 , x 6 )f ( x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x5 )
- f(X2, X3, X4, X5, X6) = x 6x 2 =

0. 0000003510.000000219
1700900 = -0.0000001

f ( x 4 , x 5 , x6 , x 7 )f ( x 3 , x 4 , x5 , x 6)
- f(X3, X4, X5, X6, X7) = x 7x 3 =

0.0 00000233+ 0.000000351

19001100 = 0.000000001

QUINTA DIFERENCIAS
 f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x5 ) f ( x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 )
- f(X0, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) = x 5x 0

00
= 1500500 =0
f ( x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x5 , x 6 )f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5)
- f(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6) = x 6x 1

0.0000 0010
= 1700700 =0
f ( x 3 , x 4 , x5 , x 6 , x 7 )f ( x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6)
- f(X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7) = x 7 x2

0.000000001+0.00000001
= 19001900 =0

i xi f(xi) Primeras Segundas Tercera Cuartas Quintas

s
0 500 365
-
0.0170000
00
1 700 361.6 0.00015550
0
0.0452000 -
00 0.00000
0259
2 900 370.6 0 0
4
0.0452000 0.00000 0
00 0088
3 110 379.6 - 0
0 8 0.00005305
0
0.0239800 0.00000 0
00 0219
4 130 384.4 0.00013253 -
0 6 5 0.0000000
01
0.0552000 0.00000 0
00 0351
5 150 395.5 - 0
0 0.00013237
5
0.0022500 0.00000
00 0233
6 170 395.9 0.0000075
0 50
 0.0525000
00
7 190 937
0