Defuzzification

Convert fuzzy grade to Crisp output

*Fuzzy Engineering, Bart Kosko

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
Centroid Method: the most prevalent and
physically appealing of all the defuzzification
methods [Sugeno, 1985; Lee, 1990]
Often called
Center of area
Center of gravity

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
Max-membership principal
Also known as height method

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
Weighted average method
Valid for symmetrical output membership functions
Formed by weighting
each functions in the
output by its respective
maximum membership
value

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
Mean-max membership (middle of maxima)
Maximum membership is a plateau

Z* = a + b
2

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
Center of sums
Faster than many defuzzification methods

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
Center of Largest area
If the output fuzzy set has at least two convex
subregion, defuzzify the largest area using centroid

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification (Cont.)
First (or last) of maxima
Determine the smallest value of the domain with
maximized membership degree

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
Find an estimate crisp output from the following
3 membership functions

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
CENTROID

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
Weighted Average

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
Mean-Max

Z* = (6+7)/2 = 6.5

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
Center of sums

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
Center of largest area
Same as the centroid method because the complete
output fuzzy set is convex

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Example: Defuzzification
First and Last of maxima

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification
Of the seven defuzzification methods presented,
which is the best?
It is context or problem-dependent

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification: Criteria
Hellendoorn and Thomas specified 5 criteria
against whnic to measure the methods
#1 Continuity
Small change in the input should not produce the large
change in the output
#2 Disambiguity
Defuzzification method should always result in a unique
value, I.e. no ambiguity
Not satisfied by the center of largest area!

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross

 Defuzzification: Criteria (Cpnt.)
Hellendoorn and Thomas specified 5 criteria
against whnic to measure the methods
#3 Plausibility
Z* should lie approximatly in the middle of the support region
and hve high degree of membership
#4 Computational simplicity
Centroid and center of sum required complex computation!
#5 Constitutes the difference between centroid,
weighted average and center of sum
Problem-dependent, keep computation simplicity
*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross
 Designing Antecedent Membership Functions

Recommend designer to adopt the

following design principles:
Each Membership function overlaps only with
the closest neighboring membership
functions;
For any possible input data, its membership
values in all relevant fuzzy sets should sum to 1
(or nearly)
* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Designing Antecedent Membership Functions

A Membership Function Design that violates the second principle

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Designing Antecedent Membership Functions

A Membership Function Design that violates both principle

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Designing Antecedent Membership Functions

A symmetric Function Design Following the guidelines

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Designing Antecedent Membership Functions

An asymmetric Function Design Following the guidelines

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
Example: Furnace Temperature Control

Inputs
Temperature reading from sensor
Furnace Setting
Output
Power control to motor

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

MATLAB: Create membership functions - Temp

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

MATLAB: Create membership functions - Setting

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

MATLAB: Create membership functions - Power

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

 If - then - Rules
Fuzzy Rules for Furnace control
Setting
Low Medium High
Temp
Cold Low Medium High
Cool Low Medium High
Moderate Low Low Low
Warm Low Low Low
Hot low Low Low
* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth
 Antecedent Table

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

 Antecedent Table
MATLAB
A = table(1:5,1:3);
Table generates matrix represents a table of all
possible combinations

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

 Consequence Matrix

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

Evaluating Rules with Function
FRULE

* Fuzzy Systems Toolbox, M. Beale and H Demuth

 Design Guideline (Inference)
Recommend
Max-Min (Clipping) Inference method
be used together with the MAX
aggregation operator and the MIN AND
method

Max-Product (Scaling) Inference

method be used together with the SUM
aggregation operator and the PRODUCT
AND method
* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Fully Automatic Washing Machine

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Fully Automatic Washing Machine

Inputs
Laundry Softness
Laundry Quantity

Outputs
Washing Cycle
Washing Time

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Input Membership functions

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Output Membership functions

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Fuzzy Rules for Washing Cycle
Quantity
Small Medium Large
Softness

Soft Delicate Light Normal

Normal Light Normal Normal
Soft
Normal Light Normal Strong
Hard

Hard Light Normal Strong

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Control Surface View (Clipping)

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Control Surface View (Scaling)

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Control Surface View

Clipping Scaling

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Rule View (Clipping)

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall
 Example: Rule View (Scaling)

* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, control, and Information, J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall