Ch14 28 10 59

Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics Andrew Pytel & Jaan Kiusalaas
Chapter 14:
Work-Energy and
Impulse-Momentum
Principles for a Particle
14 -
2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.
1
Chapter 14:
Work-Energy and Impulse-Momentum Principles
for a Particle
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Work of force
14.3 Principle of work and kinetic energy
14.4 Conservative forces and the Conservation of
Mechanical Energy
14.5 Power and Efficiency
14.6 Principle of Impulse and Momentum
14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum
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It takes a lot of energy to

launch a spacecraft on an
interplanetary journey
See problem 14.48
How much energy is
required for the
spacecraft to escape the
earths field?
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14.2 Work of force

(a) Definition of work
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14.2 Work of force

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14.2 Work of force

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14.2 Work of force

(b) a constant force: external force F
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14.2 Work of force

(b) a constant force: weight W
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14.2 Work of force

(b) a constant force: central force F
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14.2 Work of force

(b) a constant force: Spring force F
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14.3 Principle of work and Kinetic Energy

- Newtons second law & Kinetic Energy (p.123)
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- Work-Energy principle (p.123)
Work done by the resultant force acting on a particle

= change in the kinetic energy of the particle
Main advantages of Work-Energy principle
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- Work-Energy principle (p.123)
Main advantages of Work-Energy principle
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Problem: 14.7
The man slides the 100-kg crate across the floor by pulling with a
constant force of 200 N. If the crate was initially at rest, how far will
the crate move before its speed is 1 m/s? The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the crate and the floor is 0.8.
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Problem: 14.7 (cont.)
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Problem: 14.14
The 0.31-kg mass slides on a frictionless wire that lies in the vertical
plane. The ideal spring attached to the mass has a free length of 80 mm
and its stiffness is 120 N/m. Calculate the smallest value of the distance b
if the mass is to reach the end of the wire at B after being released from
rest at A.
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Problem: 14.14 (cont.)
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Exercises 1:
Sample Problem 14.1, 14.2
Problem: 14.1, 14.9, 14.10, 14.12, 14.18
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14.4 Conservative Forces and the

Conservation of Mechanical Energy
- Conservative force:
A force is said to be conservative if its work
depends only on the initial and final positions of
its point of application.
- Potential energy:
Potential energy is the capacity of a
conservative force to work.
The principle of conservation of energy:
The total energy (sum of all forms of energy)
remains constant for a closed system.
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(a) Conservative force & Potential energy:
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(a) Conservative force & Potential energy:
Work of a conservative force = decrease in

its potential energy
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(b) Conservative of a mechanical energy:
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(c) Computation of potential energy:
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Sample Problem: 14.4
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Sample Problem: 14.4 (Cont.)
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Problem: 14.36
The 0.5-kg pendulum oscillates with the amplitude of max = 50.
Determine the maximum force in the supporting string.
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Problem: 14.36 (Cont.)
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Exercises 1:
Problem: 14.1, 14.9, 14.10, 14.12, 14.18
Exercises 2:
Problem: 14.28, 14.30, 14.32
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14.5 Power and Efficiency

Power
Power is defined as the rate at which work is done. Letting
P be the power and U the work, we have
The power of force F
Efficiency
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Problem: 14.54
The conveyor dump 500-kg of coal per second into the waiting
truck. Determine the power consumed by the conveyor motor if its
efficiency is 70 percent.
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Problem: 14.61
An electric hoist consumed 5 kW of power at a constant speed of
0.68 m/s while consuming 4.2 kW of power. (a) Compute the
efficiency of the hoist.
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Problem: 14.61
(b) At what speed can the hoist lift 800-kg mass with the same
power consumption as in part (a)?
800-kg
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Exercises 1:
Problem: 14.1, 14.9, 14.10, 14.12, 14.18
Exercises 2:
Problem: 14.28, 14.30, 14.32
Exercises 3:
Problem: 14.56, 14.62
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14.6 Impulse and momentum

(a) Impulse of a force (L1-2)
Impulse of a constant force (L1-2)
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Impulse of a force (L1-2) in rectangular component
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In summary:
Impulse-momentum principle; it relates

the change in the velocity of a particle
during a time interval to the force acting
on the particle.
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(b) Momentum of a particle and momentum
diagrams
The momentum p of a particle of mass m at an instant of time is
defined as
The momentum diagram for a particle is a sketch of the

particle showing its momentum vector mv. Momentum
diagrams are useful tools in the analysis of the problems
using the principle of impulse and momentum.
2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 37


(c) Force-momentum relationship
(d) Impulse-momentum principle
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(d) Conservation of momentum
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In summary
Work-energy principle:
Impulse-momentum principle:
Caution
Quantity Defined as Unit Scalar/Vector Associated with
Work
Impulse
Kinetics
energy
Momentum
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Problem: 14.68
The 100-gm ball hits the horizontal surface with the speed v0=20
m/s. If 15 percent of the energy is lost during the impact, determine
the impulse that acted on the ball during the impact.
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Problem: 14.69
The velocity of a 2-kg particle at time t=0 is v = 10i m/s.
Determine the velocity at t=5 s if the particle is acted upon by the
force F = 2t i 0.6t2 j N, where t is in seconds.
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Exercises 1:
Problem: 14.1, 14.9, 14.10, 14.12, 14.18
Exercises 2:
Problem: 14.28, 14.30, 14.32
Exercises 3:
Problem: 14.56, 14.62
Exercises 4:
Problem: 14.76, 14.78
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14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

momentum
Angular Impulse and angular momentum are the
moments of (linear) impulse and (linear)momentum,
respectively.
Angular Impulse-momentum principle serves the same
purpose as its linear counterpart: it relates the change in
the velocity of a particle during a time interval to the
force acting on the particle.
Recall: Moment of a force F (from Fig 14.9)


momentum
(a) Angular Impulse of a force (AA)1-2
Angular Impulse of a constant force (AA)1-2


momentum
Angular Impulse of a force (AA)1-2 in rectangular
component
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momentum
(b) Angular momentum of a particle about point A (hA)


momentum
(d) Angular Impulse-momentum principle


momentum
(e) Conservation of angular momentum

Sample Problem: 14.11
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Sample problem 14.11 (Cont.)

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Exercises 1:
Problem: 14.1, 14.9, 14.10, 14.12, 14.18
Exercises 2:
Problem: 14.28, 14.30, 14.32
Exercises 3:
Problem: 14.56, 14.62
Exercises 4:
Problem: 14.76, 14.78
Exercises 5:
Problem: 14.90, 14.91
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End
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Ch14 28 10 59

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Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics Andrew Pytel & Jaan Kiusalaas

It takes a lot of energy to

14.2 Work of force

14.2 Work of force

14.2 Work of force

14.2 Work of force

14.2 Work of force

14.2 Work of force

14.2 Work of force

14.3 Principle of work and Kinetic Energy

14.3 Principle of work and Kinetic Energy

Work done by the resultant force acting on a particle

Main advantages of Work-Energy principle

14.3 Principle of work and Kinetic Energy

Main advantages of Work-Energy principle

Problem: 14.7 (cont.)

Problem: 14.14 (cont.)

14.4 Conservative Forces and the

14.4 Conservative Forces and the

14.4 Conservative Forces and the

Work of a conservative force = decrease in

14.4 Conservative Forces and the

14.4 Conservative Forces and the

Sample Problem: 14.4

Sample Problem: 14.4 (Cont.)

Problem: 14.36 (Cont.)

14.5 Power and Efficiency

The power of force F

14.6 Impulse and momentum

Impulse of a constant force (L1-2)

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

14.6 Impulse and momentum

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

14.6 Impulse and momentum

Impulse-momentum principle; it relates

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

14.6 Impulse and momentum

The momentum diagram for a particle is a sketch of the

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 37

14.6 Impulse and momentum

(d) Impulse-momentum principle

14.6 Impulse and momentum

14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

Recall: Moment of a force F (from Fig 14.9)

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 44

14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

Angular Impulse of a constant force (AA)1-2

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 45

14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 47

14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 48

14.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 14 - 49

Sample Problem: 14.11

2011 Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

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