Bouya evel RUNNING HEAD The running head is an abbreviated tite on the top left ofthe title page. It should be less ‘than 50 characters. AUTHOR INFORMATION The coversheet should state your name and institution, It may also include instructor's name, Do not ‘underline or use bald or italics, jour class and STANDARD FORMAT Double space, and use 12-point Times New Roman font on all ‘pages of the paper. TNC ABsTRACT The abstract sums up your paper's purpose and content in 120 words of less It includes important information such as the thesis and main ideas. Abbreviations and unique terms should also be defined. It should be in your own words and as brief as possible. SlavCemeleie(sy APA Format Prychology of Codes yang head: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CODES ‘The Pychology of Wester Miltary Coe John Q Cipher }—__vsr testo Dr. Simon Gilmore Psychology 4890, ave | Codes have been td fr thousands of ei, While “codes a sever tm nt in acpi deeb kind hin aig, ly the a tw imgorant cones a know. A cient eer tems hil de ier phe imesage ons woes. Alough ads ne ly oped fo itary pupots vgs ve bore eating sci fra we ay of etl lve teed Pace HEADER A page header include words of the title followe about 4 or 5 spaces and the page number. Headers should jppear in the top right corner of every page. Fou. Tints A title should clearly state the main topic in 10 to 12 words. Abbreviations are not appropriate. The title should be centered. MaRcins Margins should be L-inch all around and on all pages of the paper ApsTRact TITLE The word “Abstract” should be centered, without underlining, italics, bold, or punctuation,: pa FIRST PAGE OF TEXT BLock QuoTATIONS Quotations that are 40 words or Tonger need to be set apart in a block. They should be double spaced and indented 1/2" from the left margin. Quotation marks are not used with block ‘quotations, and the final punctuation is placed before the in-text citation, Headings help you organize the text for readers. There are five levels of headings: LEVEL 5: CENTERED UPPERCASE Level 1: Centered Level 2: Centered italicized Level 3: Fuse, daliczed Level: Indented, italicised, fellowed by aperad. The text starts on the same line as the heading, Ifyou need only one level of heading, use level 1. For two levels, use 1 and 3. For three levels, use 1, 3, and 4. For 4 levels, use 1 through 4. For5 levels, use 1 through 5. * This paper uses two headings, so levels 1 and 3 are used a P a > P P > , i , a - r P = - e ‘ » ‘ie % S 5 j Style Guides FNINzeydirte Psychology of Codes 3 The Psychology of Wester Military Codes, ———T- Throughout wr history, military codes have been usd by ‘ety aleiiizton. This paper will explore some ofthe sybology teind codes usd bythe wet silted how they sie in warfare. ‘Te ailiyodeciper he code ofthe enemy enable the ales ‘0 getthe upper hind in WWI, America historian Thomas Powers (2001) wrote Fowing ‘The American ability to ea Japanese cable code-named Mpc, was oe ofthe sal advantages that pot the Allies hen the war, Another was the British bility to read he Georan military commnicaton ncipherd with he Enigma machine code-2amed Ui ( Itt or bon fr this see coding porap he outcome of ie second Worlé War would have been damatclly diferent. Vet it Psychology of Codes 6 Since the information unveiled was so rita, theerypoanaly ‘Victor England 1 Vieoran Enelag, ret parent madyAard foroves to communist with echoes. “Lovgycd ave o invent tht own ciphers, which they used bh os in newspapes Wieon, 1987.9. 18) ‘Charles Babbage’ Conrituton (Cares Babbage loved wo read the paper and ryt solve te codes Once, es a message fm a std inviting hit iting to lope. Babbage wrote inte code and advised them oto ac so aly, The gid 4000 wot ad asked her boyend otto wrt agin Bocas hr ods had been discovered (te in Frank & Frank, 2001, Considering Babbte's contrition tothe development of the Tm ‘The title should be centered and double spaced at the top of the page. It should not be italicized, underlined, or bolded. IN-Text Crrations ‘The basic format for an in-text tion is (Last name of author, year of publication, page number of quote). When paraphrasing or summarizing ‘an idea, you are encouraged to include the page number but do not have to. For help with citing specific so srces, see pages 207-14 in the APA Publication Manual. 5th ed, Ciminc Secoxpary Sourcrs To cite information that your source has taken from a different source, put the original author of the information in the text and write “cited in” in your in-text citation followed by the author and date of the work where the material was found,| Style Guides PNINmeyautc\s ee [REFERENCES List only the works you ha used, not everything you read. REFERENCES PAGE TITLE ‘The title “References” should be ‘Asay B (1978), How the Romane mde war. Journal of Miltary 7 S r . r 4) Ds >» D> P centered but not underlined, Hoy, 23,345.87 For help with citing different italicized, bolded, or punctuated sources, see the AP? m Frank, & Frank, T (201). The mon who invented he tary ee Publication Manual, 5th ed, Now York: Nerd Pres. p- 223-283. HANGING INDENT] Powers, & Gropory, A (1958). The prchologca executioners Use a hanging indent for the pS entries longer than one line. ALPHABETICAL ORDER Indent 1/2” from the set | Wilsoo,F, 1987, May 5} Newspaper lsieds contain secret, ‘Arrange entries in alphabetical ‘margins, after the first line of aces, Daly News, 9p. FF. order by author's last name. each entry Use the author's initials for the Zaga,R.(1998)- Leaving Cambridge, In, Roger (EA), Rommel: | first and midelle names, The Man pp. 123-134), New York: Harcourt an Brace eu daa Nee vitel Inaddition to citing sources within a text, APA requires a References page. The following guidelines will | | | | help you correctly format some of the most commonly used sources. For further information, refer to Chapter 4 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5% edition. Remember the following as you cite sources for APA: 4 Article titles should not be italicized or put in quotation marks. «Only the first word of the article title, subtitle, or proper nouns should be capitalized. | «BOOK By A SINGLE AUTHOR Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Book title. Location: Publisher. 1 Wilson, F. R. (1998). The hand: How its use shapes the brain, language, and human culture. New York: Pantheon. ‘Book By Two or More AUTHORS Last name, First initial, Middle initial,, Last name, First initial. Middle initial, & Last name, First initial Middle initial. (Year). Book title. Location: Publisher. Mazzeo, J., Druesne, B., Raffeld, P. C., Checketts, K. T., & Mublstein, A. (1991). Comparability of computer and paper-and-pencil scores for two CLEP general exantinations, Princeton, NJ Educational Testing Service. Nott: When there is more than one author, use an ampersand symbol (&e) before the last author. Ifa reference has more than six authors, use the first six authors’ names, and replace the seventh and subsequent authors with “et al,” which means “and others.” LOdccbobbdudSP i. ani Slautcmereie(ssy APA Format EDITED BOOK 3 “ast name, First initial. Middle initial. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Location: Publisher. Feldman, P. R. (Bd). (1997). British women poets of the romantic erayBaltimore: Johns Hopkins UP. Nore: If there is no author, treat an editor as the author, and put the abbreviation “Ed.” in parentheses. Use “Eds” if there is more than one editor. bol ARTICLE IN A REFERENCE BOOK Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Article title. In Book title (Volume number, pages). Location Publisher. Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501- 508) Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Title of article, Journal Title, Volume, pages. Craner, P. M. (1991). New tool for an ancient art: The computer and music. Computers and the Humanities, 25, 303 Nore: If each journal issue begins on page one, put the issue number in parentheses after the volume number, If there is no volume number available, include the month or season with the year in parentheses. ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume, pages. Mehta, P. B. (1998, June 6). Exploding myths. New Republic, 290, 17-19. ARTICLE IN A NEWSPAPER Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper Title, pages. Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. AL, Ad. < cedbeccobobosb ARTICLE RETRIEVED FROM AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume, pages. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from Database title database. i. VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001), Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliograpitic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved July 2, 2004 from PsycINFO database. b REPORT FROM A PRIVATE ORGANIZATION, AVAILABLE ON ORGANIZATION WEBSITE Organization name. (Year, Month Day). Title. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from complete web address Canarie, Inc. (1997, September 27). Towards a Canadian health WAY: Vision, opportunities and future steps. Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http:/ /www.canarie.ca/ press/ publications /paf/health/healthvision.doc PERSONAL INTERVIEW OR COMMUNICATION Since exact information gathered through personal communication is not retrievable, only cite personal communication in text. Include the person’s initials and last name and the exact date of contact. (1. Williams, personal communication, April 14, 2002) Source: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Sth ed.). (2001). Washington, DC: American Paychological Association. dddddidddddPART B: THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM In every referencing system each reference must be: + shown each time you use it in the text of your assignment (the in-text reference) AND. ‘+ listed once in the reference list at the end of the assignment The In-text reference ‘When you cite (identify) references in the text of your assignment include: + the author's or editor's family name (or organisation responsible). Do not include given ‘names or initials + the year of publication + page numbers if appropriate and where available |In many cases, you just need to use the family name plus date. For example: Mary factors are known to affect the successful outcomes for students at university (Johnston 2003) OR Johnston (2003) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of Students at university. In the examples above, the sentence summarises the main view expressed in an article written by Johnston aid does not come from one page only. Also note that the first example highlights the information but the second one highlights the author of that information ‘There are cases where you also need to include a page number in the brackets. For example: MeLaine (2002, p. 16) stated that productivity among 69 percant of workers was found tobe affected by work related stress, ‘You need to include the page number when you: + usea direct quote from an original source + summarise an idea from a particular page + copy tables or figures, or provide particular details like @ date When there are two or three authors for a reference, you include all their family names in ‘your in-text reference. For example: ‘According to Cooper, Krever and Vann (2002) the use ofthis process leads to greater accuracy, but ifthere are more than three authors for a reference you vse ‘et al.” (which is Latin for “and the others’) after the first family name listed on the refereace. For example: ‘This has been suggested by Sander ot al. (2002) in thei fist Australian study. “Etal. is used for the first and every time you give an in-text reference for more than three authors. However, all the authors, no matter how many there are, are listed in the Reference List in the same order that they are listed in the original reference. itn and revised by Learning AdWsers inthe Learning ne Teaching Unitin coloration with Librarians ‘© University of South Australia, June 2007 pageZEbbbbbLLELELL The Reference list ‘The Reference list in the Harvard Author-Date system: © istitled ‘References’ ‘© is arringed alphabetically by author’s family name ‘= isa single list—books, journal articles and electronic sources are listed together and not arranged in separate lists ‘© includes the full details of your in-text references (author, date, title, publishing details) + isnot bibliography—you do not need to produce a bibliography for your assignments unless specifically asked to do so by your lecturer. A bibliography lists ‘everything you may have read, while a reference lis is limited to the in-text references in your assignment Setting out the items in a Reference list using the Harvard system ‘The main elements required for a reference are set out inthis order: author, date, tte, publication information. ‘The ttle is placed in italics and the elements are separated by commas. Example of a book ‘The main elements required fora book are set out in this order: author, date title, publisher, place of publication ‘thors myname flowed by acoma | [Tileof he book nals, flowed bya comma flowed by comin, hen So teakats| Upper ae usd fre word ta) Send pat Tinen aE a eee etn Pabiber hee of oiiaon Example of an academic journal article ‘The main elements required for a journal article are set out inthis order: author, date “ttle of article’, ile of journal, volume number, issue number, pages of article tia ly mae fttornacorama afer a ates | [Yer of pubeaon nd] fulewsltyscommeem’ | | iumin ‘coma no brackets Til ofthe arte insnse vane eminascaptl for fi wore ot, “apes jon ond or ast | eae foarte seco imeem | Davis L Mota, H tone 4 nt crete is La infants: an historical overview’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 578-86. Tawi Volume |[ Number ofthe || Page rumba of ie owed by nome umber of || te ttc, with an Ba thera is betwee anda fal top atend \ Whiten and resed by Leeming Advisers inthe Leaning and Teaching Uni in calabortion win Librarians (© University of South Austra, June 2007 pepebbooot r> ms Ds b> n> : > n> D> Ns Example of an electronic “Author my rane followed ta comma and he nal) publication ‘Year of pbiaton Tie ote rice in (lowed by aceamna Salen, lowed by 2 no acts ma a ‘Thomas, $ 1997, Guide to personal efficiency, Adelaide University, viewed 6 January 2004, . “The internet adres CURL) eneose in < and, th tal ‘ves and flowed y fl sop he cad fe em Date ccted fom wrw—camm ae yer Using bibliographi Harvard system c/eitation management software with the ‘There are a number of different versions of the Harvard author-date system. The main differences between these versions are in formatting, punctuation and capitalisation, Some students like to use citation management software such as RefWorks and EndNote which enable them to establish their own database of references; store references on ltabase; transfer references from the database to their own documents (e.g. assign nents); and choose the referencing system in which the references will be formatted. (For further information about this software explore the ‘Managing References’ link on the Library's homepage) Both RefWorks and EndNote allow the user to transfer references in the Harvard author-date system, but the versions of the Harvard system in both software packages are different from the version outlined in the University of South Australia's materials. Because ofthis, it is recommended t iat students using citation software to compile their reference lists, add a note to their assignments to show this. For example, a note such as the following could be added below the heading ‘References’ ‘This Reference list has been complied using the RefWorks (or EndNote as applicable) version ofthe Harvard author date system \Wiritn and revised by Learing Advisers inthe Learning 2nd Teaching Unitincalaborain vith Librarians (© University of South Australis, June 2007 pagesLEGG DELELELELGGEEEEEGObLBLEbEGEELELULINM Some Frequent questions 1, Refereneing an idea or information by one author (Author 1) which occurs in a book or journal article by another author (Author 2). ‘The rule is that you must mention both authors (Author 1 and Author 2) in your in-text reference; but in your reference lst you only lst the item you read, that is, by Author 2. For ‘example, ifyou reed about an idea by Lim (Author 1) in a book by Strauss (Author 2) you need to mention both in your in-text reference. So the in-text reference would be written as: Lim (Strauss 2004,p.71) stated that... OR Lim's study (ted in Strauss 2004, p.71) indicates tat... OR Lim's 1972 study (Strauss 2004, p. 71) shows that... OR | Swauss (2004, p.71) in reporting Lin's study. emphasize the aspect... OR | But, inthe reference list you list only Strauss (Author 2 - the source you read) and not Lim (Whose idea you only read about in Strauss). 2, Referencing two different authors who have the same family name ‘You distinguish between the two authors in your assignment by adding their initials te the in- text reference (which usually only has the family name and date). For example: “The theory was frst suggested in 1970 (Johnson, HJ 1971) but since then many researches, including DDE Johnson (2001), have rejected the idea, 3. Referencing the work of an author has written more than one work in the same year You put a lower case letter ofthe alphabet next to the year date and keep these letters 1 your reference lit as well. For example you might write: In a recent publication Pedder (200%b) argued that this process was only applicable ina few ‘cumstances and that for smal business alternative processes were more sutable (Pedder 2 91a). ‘The order in which you attach the letters is determined by the alphabetical order of the ttle of the works by the author. 4, Referencing information from my lectures or tutorials or study guide ‘You do not cite your lectures, tutorials or study guide as sources unless your lecturer has particularly said this is acceptable. This is because lectures, tutorials and study guides are intended to give you an introduction to a topic. In assignments where you undertake research ‘you are expected to read widely and identify for yourself the main ideas that are relevant from various sources 5. Referencing sourees without an author or a date A basic principle of Harvard referencing is providing the author and date, Where thet: is no author given, look for a sponsoring body like an organisation or government departmn at responsible for the information. Where there is no sponsoring body, use the title of the book, article or document on the sereen as the ‘author’ Witton and revised by Learning Advisers inthe Learning nd Teaching Unitin coloration wih Litre ans (© Univesty of South Austra, June 2007