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GroupMembers:

MuhammadYousafKhan
SyedAqeelAhmad
MasoodurRahman
MuhammadShahzad
Introduction

PCIExpressBusI/OTechnology
BriefHistory
ConventionalPCI
InitialPCI1.0proposalbyIntelin1991
IntroducedbyPCISIGasPCI2.0in1993
Version2.1approvedin1995
Recentversion2.3approvedinMarch2002
PCIX
Version1.0approvedinSeptember1999
Version2.0approvedinJuly2002
PCIExpress
Formerlyknownas3GIO
Version1.0approvedinJuly2002
DesignConsideration
Systemdesign
Systemarchitecture,EmbeddedCPUh/wdesign
PCBdesign
Functionaldesign,PCBtiming
PCBphysicaldesign
PCBplaceandroute,designformanufacturing
FPGAdesign
VerilogHDLdevelopment
DSPdesign
Algorithmdevelopment
Embeddedsoftwaredevelopment
WhychosePCIExpress
PCIhaslimitationsuchas
o Multidroptimesharedconcept
o Powerandgroundnoise
o Stubs
o Traceskews
o Skineffect
o Dielectricloss
PCIExpressisdualsimplexpointtopointserial
differentiallowvoltageinterconnect
Bitrateis2.5Gbit/sec/lan/dir
Signalis8bor10bencodedwithembeddedclock
Eachlayerhastwopairofdifferentialsignal
Switchestointerconnectdevices
HotPlugSupport
HighSpeedDesignIssues
Interconnectlosses
Crosstalk
Modeconversion
LayeredarchitectureofPCIExpress

Transaction Layer Transaction Layer

Data Link Layer Data Link Layer

Physical Layer Physical Layer

TX RX TX RX
Packetflowthroughlayers
Start Seq.# Header Data ECRC LCRC End
Transactionlayer
TheupperLayerofthearchitectureistheTransactionLayer.
TheTransactionLayersprimaryresponsibilityistheassembly
anddisassemblyofTransactionLayerPackets(TLPs).
TLPsareusedtocommunicatetransactions,suchasreadand
write,aswellascertaintypesofevents.
TheTransactionLayerisalsoresponsibleformanagingcredit
basedflowcontrolforTLPs.
DataLinkLayer
ThemiddleLayerinthestack,theDataLinkLayer,
servesasanintermediatestagebetweenthe
TransactionLayerandthePhysicalLayer.
TheprimaryresponsibilitiesoftheDataLinkLayer
includeLinkmanagementanddataintegrity,
includingerrordetectionanderrorcorrection
PhysicalLayer
ThePhysicalLayerincludesallcircuitryforinterfaceoperation,
includingdriverandinputbuffers,paralleltoserialandserialto
parallelconversion,PLL(s),andimpedancematchingcircuitry.
Itincludesalsologicalfunctionsrelatedtointerfaceinitialization
andmaintenance.
ThePhysicalLayerexchangesinformationwiththeDataLink
Layerinanimplementationspecificformat.
ThisLayerisresponsibleforconvertinginformationreceived
fromtheDataLinkLayerintoanappropriateserializedformat
andtransmittingitacrossthePCIExpressLinkatafrequencyand
widthcompatiblewiththedeviceconnectedtotheothersideof
theLink.
CyclicRedundancyCheck
Whiletravelingacrossalinkdatacanlooseintegrityand
mybepronetoerrors.
Cyclicredundancycodesareusedtopreservetheintegrity
ofdatainstorageandtransmissionapplications.
Itisanerrorcodingtechniquewhichinvolvesadditionofa
certainamountofredundancytothedatainacontrolled
fasion.
InsimplehardwareapplicationsCRCsareimplementedby
simplyusingshiftregistercircuitinwhichonebitis
processedatatime .
AdditionofRedundancy
Followingisanoverviewofhowtheredundancyisadded
givenblockofdata.

Seq. # TLP LCRC value


16 bits 16 bits 32 bits
LCRCGeneratorCircuit
Schematics
Applications:
Desktop
Mobile
Server
Storage
EmbeddedCommunications
MilitaryUse

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