SPM CHEMISTRY

CHECKLIST
ANSWERS
COMPILATION

SEAN

CHAPTER 2
ANSWERS

[SPM CHEMISTRY 2017]

ANSWERS FOR ALL QUESTIONS UP TO CHAPTER 2 FORM 5. ANSWERS FOR CHAPTER 1 & 2
FORM 4 HAS GIVEN EARLIER, ANSWERS FOR THOSE 2 CHAPTERS ARE BASED ON THE
ANSWER SHEET GIVEN PRIOR TO THIS ASSIGNMENT.
CHAPTER 2
A. KNOWLEDGE (Definition, meaning & facts)
1) State the kinetic theory of matter
2) State 1 example to support the kinetic theory of matter
3) What are atom, molecule and ion?
4) What is melting point?
5) Define proton number & nucleon number
6) State the meaning of isotopes
7) State the uses of isotopes such as Carbon-14 and
Cobalt-60
B. Understanding / Application / Analysis
1) Explain why the temperature remains unchanged
during the melting process
2) Explain why the temperature remains unchanged
during the freezing process
3) A solid compound is heated until it converts to gas.
Explain the changes in energy content, forces of
attraction between the particles, and arrangement of
particles.
The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made of
small particles that are in random motion and that have space
between them... Since gases have even more energy than
liquids, their particles are moving around a lot more too.
TXTBK F4 pg14
Diffusion of bromine TXTBK F4 pg12
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can
participate in a chemical reaction. A molecule is a group of 2 or
more atoms which are chemically bonded together. An ion is a
positively-charged or negatively-charged particle. TXTBK F4
pg11-12
A constant temperature (without a change in temperature) and
pressure at which a solid substance become liquid. TXTBK F4
pg14
The number of protons(+ charged subatomic particle) in the
nucleus of an atom. Total number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus of an atom. TXTBK F4 pg18
Atoms of the same element which has the same proton
number but different nucleon number TXTBK F4 pg20
(C-14) Used for Carbon dating (estimation of fossil age), (Co-
60) Used in radio therapy treatment. TXTBK F4 pg21
The temperature remains constant because the heat energy
absorbed is used to overcome the forces between the
particles so that the solid becomes liquid TXTBK F4 pg15
The temperature remains because the heat energy loss to the
surrounding is exactly balanced by the heat energy liberated
as the particles attract one another so that the liquid becomes
a solid. TXTBK F4 pg14
in a solid the particles are packed closely together in an
orderly manner, with strong forces between the particles as
the particle only vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions.
When the solid is heated,whereby the temperature increases,
the particle in the solid gain kinetic energy and vibrate more
vogorously until heat energy absorbed by the substance does
not rise the temperature but remains constant even though
heating continues as the energy gained is used to overcome
the forces of attraction between the particles that hold them at
their fixed positions .So the substance melts changing from
solid to liquid. When the whole substance has melted, the
liquid particles are closely packed in a random arrangement.
The particles can move through the liquid but they cling
together When heated, the particles in liquid states absorb
heat energy and move faster and the temperature rises until
enough energy is absorbed to enable the particles once again
able to overcome the forces of attraction between the particle
in the liquid state and turn into gas at the boiling point.gas, The
particles in the gaseous states are far apart. The motion of
CHAPTER 2
4) State the main subatomic particles of an atom
5) Compare and contrast the relative atomic mass and
the relative charge of the subatomic particles of the
atom
C. Synthesis (Experiment)
1) Solid Z has a melting point of 65C. Describe a
laboratory experiment to determine the melting point
of Z. Your answer should show how the melting point
of Z is determined.
2) Compound W has a freezing point of 82C. Describe
a laboratory experiment to determine the freezing
point of W
particle is random and independent of the other particles
whereby the forces are weak between the particles as the
particles vibrate, rotate and move freely .The rate of collision
in gas is greater than the rate of collisison in a liquid
Subatomic particles of atom are protons, neutrons and
electron
Protons, symbol p found in the nucleus of an atom has a
relative mass of 1 and relative electric charge of +1, Neutrons
symbol n found in the nucleus has a relative mass of 1 and
relative electric charge of 0 and an electron symbol e found in
the orbitals surrounding the nucleus with a relative mass of
1/1870 and relative charge of -1 TXTBK F4 pg18
Aim To determine the melting point of solid Z. Materials Solid
Z(Napthalene), Water Apparatus Boiling tube, Retort stand
and clamp, Tripod stand, Wire gauze, Thermometer (0-
1100C), 250 ml conical flask,stop watch, bunsen burner and
test tube holder. 1. 3 spatulas full of naphthalene powder are
placed in a boiling tube 2. A 500 ml beaker is filled with water
until it is about full. It is then placed on a tripod stand. 3. The
boiling tube containing naphthalene is clamped in the beaker
of water, making sure the naphthalene powder is below the
water level of the water bath. 4. The water bath is heated until
it reaches a temperature of about 90 0C. The water is then
heated with a low flame. 5. A stop watch is started and the
temperature of the naphthalene is recorded at 30 second
intervals until the temperature reaches. The naphthalene is
stirred continuously during the experiment. 6. The results are
recorded in a table. 7. A graph of temperature against time is
plotted for the heating of naphthalene. [in the heating of
naphthalene, a water bath is used instead of direct heating.
This is to ensure that an even heating process is carried out.A
water bath is suitable in this experiment because the melting
point of naphthalene is below 100 C. If the melting point of the
substances is above 100 C, the water bath will have to be
replaced by an oil bath. Besides naphthalene, the other
substance that is suitable for heating by the water bath is
acetamide. TXTBK F4 pg15
The boiling tube containing the molten Compound W
naphthalene) is removed from the hot water bath using a test
tube holder2. It is immediately transferred into a comical flask
to be cooled slowly 3. The stop watch is started and
temperature ofthe compound w the are recorded is recorded
at 30 second intervals until it drops to about 60 pc. 4 The
results in a table. The naphthalene is stirred continuously
during the experiment. In the cooling of naphthalene, the
boiling tube containing the liquid naphthalene is cooled inside
a conical flask This is to ensure that an even cooling process
is carried out. Stirring the naphthalene continuously also
ensures even heating or cooling. TXTBK F4 pg15
CHAPTER 2

CONTINUATION OF PART B

CONTINUATION OF PART C