Violence and

Inequality in Nigeria
A portfolio displaying various ArcMap skills

By Jimmy Graham

MSFS 611
Professor Ivan Cheung
Spring 2017
 Boko Haram Attacks in Nigeria are Not Necessarily Focused on Highly
Populated Areas. The Majority Occur in the Relatively Unpopulated Northeast
Mali
Mali

Niger
Niger

Zinder Chad
% Chad
Niamey A
! Maradi
A
!
% %

!A A
! !
Sokoto Katsina A! A
A
! A A! A
! !A ! Lake
Lake Chad
A AA A
%
A ! ! ! Chad
! %
! A! !!
AA
A!
A! A! A
!
!A! A! ! A
A ! !
!AA
A!
Kano A A A
!
! A
! !!
ANdjamena
A A
! A!A! A
!
A A !%
! A
! !
Burkina
Burkina Faso
A!
!A
%
A
!
!
!
A
! A
!
A
! Maiduguri
%A!A A
! ! A
A
!
Faso A
!
A
! A
! AAA
!
A! A
! A!A! A !
!!
!A ! A
A A !!
! A ! A A
! ! ! ! ! !! !
A !A ! A
A A !! A A A
! ! !
A
! A
! A!!
A A
!A!A! A
!!A
A! A
A A AA !A
!A !
A
A! A! A
! A!
A A
! !A !! A
! !A
A A
!!
A!!
AA!A
A
!!!
A
!A
!
! !
A
! !
!A A
! A A A!
!A
! !
A
! A!
A Maroua
!
A
! A!
A! A
!A ! A !
!! A
!A
!! !!A
A !!
!AA
!A
Kaduna A! A!A A
! !A
A A
AA
!!A
A! A
!%
A A
! A
A
!
!
% A!A
A
!
!! A
!A
!!
! !
A A A
!
A! A!! A! A
!
AA
!A!
!A !
! A
! ! AA
Benin
Benin Jos A A
! ! A!
A Minna
%
A
A!
!
!
!Nigeria
Nigeria A A! A
A !
A !% !
A
!
A!
A Abuja
A Ilorin
!
N ig
!
eer A!
A!
_
^ A
!
A! A
!
A
!
! A ! A! A
!
%
A! A A!
A
!
A
! A
!
Oshogbo
A! A
!
A %
! Ibadan
A
! A
A
!
A
!%
Abeokuta Akure A
! A! !
A!
% A
!
%
A
! A
!
AA
!
! A!A!A
!
A
!
Cotonou
% ! Lagos
A A
!
Benin City
Enugu A!
% A! % %
%
A!

Cameroon
Cameroon
A
!
A
! Central
Central African
African Republic
Republic
Calabar
PortA
!
Harcourt%
% A !
A
!
A
! Douala
% Yaounde
%
Equatorial National
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Source, S2,
Content Management Office (SD), Geospatial Data Steward,
NIPR: CMOServiceEnableTeam@nga.mil

0 85 170 340 Miles

Legend

^ Capital City
_ Nigerian Border A
! Boko Haram Attacks (from 2012 to 2014)

Major Cities, by Population Size Population Estimate - 2013

% % % % %
00
0
r

0
te

00

00
00

00

00
0

00

00
-5

00
,0

-5
-2
ea

0,

-1
0,

0,

-5

,5

,0
,0
00

1
gr

00

50

25

-2

80
-5
6

26
,0

1
51
d

5,

-1
10
1

to

to

1
an

50

50
to
to

1
0

00

00

00
2,
0
0
00

00
00

0,

0,

5,
0,

0,
0,

25

10
00

50
00
5,

1,

Sources:
Population data is taken from Land Scan 2013. City Population data are from 2017.
Data on Boko Haram attacks and city populations are from ArcGis online open source data.
There is Some Concentration of Boko Haram Attacks Around Major Cities,
But Mostly in the Northeast

Mali
Mali

Niger
Niger
Zinder
% Chad
Chad
Niamey Maradi
% %

Sokoto Katsina
% % Lake
Lake Chad
Chad

Kano Ndjamena
% Maiduguri %
Burkina
Burkina Faso
Faso %

Kaduna Maroua
%
%

Jos
%
Benin
Benin Nigeria
Minna
Nigeria %

Abuja
N ig
eer _
^
Ilorin
%

Oshogbo
%
Ibadan
%
Abeokuta
%
%
Akure

Lagos Enugu
Cotonou
%
Benin City
% % %
%

Cameroon
Cameroon
Central
Central African
African Republic
Republic
Calabar
Port Harcourt%
%

Douala
% Yaounde
%
Equatorial
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea

Gabon
Gabon

0 87.5 175 350 Miles

Legend
_ Capital City
^ Nigerian Border

Major Cities, by Population Size Kernel density, attacks per sq km, with 50 km search radius
% % % % %
0
0
r

0
te

00
00

00

00

5
1
1

25

75
ea

00

.0

2
.0
0

0
0,

0,

0,
0,

.0

.0
.0

.0

-0
-0
gr

.0

.0

.0
00

50

25
00

-0

-0
-0

-0
-0

-0
-0
d

15
5
1,
5,

to

to
an

2
07
5

5
0

0
00

01

02

05
to

to

00

00

0.

0.

0.
00

0.
00

00

,0

,0

0.

0.

0.

0.
,0

,0

,0

0
00

25

10
00

0
50
0

0
5,

1,

Sources:
Data on Boko Haram attacks and city populations are from ArcGis online open source data.
City population figures are from 2017, and Boko Haram attacks ocurred in the years 2012 - 2014
 25 Districts in Nigeria Have Statistically Significantly More
Boko Haram Attacks per Capita.
24 of These Districts are in the Northeast Region

Mali
Mali

Niger
Niger

% Chad
Chad
% %

% % Lake
Lake Chad
Chad

% %
Burkina
Burkina Faso
Faso %

Benin
Benin %
%

% Nigeria
Nigeria

N ig
eer _ Abuja
^ %
%

%
% %

%
% % %
%

Cameroon
Cameroon
Central
Central African
African Republic
Republic

%
%

%
%
Equatorial
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea

0 87.5 175 350 Miles

Legend
^ Capital City
_ Nigerian border
Major Cities, by Population Size District boundaries
% % % % %
Northeast region boundary
r

0
0

Statistically significantly more attacks

te

00
00

00

00
ea

0,

0,

0,
0,

per capita - 90% confidence

gr

00

50

25
00
d

1,
5,

to

to
an

to

to

95% Confidence
00

00
00

00

00

,0

,0
,0

,0

,0

0
00

25

10
00

99% Confidence
50
0

0
5,

1,

Sources:
Data on Boko Haram attacks are from ArcGis online open source data; Boko Haram attacks ocurred in the years 2012 - 2014
Access to Education is Lowest in the North and Northeast Regions - the Same
Area Where Boko Haram is Based
Mali
Mali

Niger
Niger

Chad
Chad
Zinder
%
Niamey Maradi
% %

Sokoto Katsina
% % Lake
Lake Chad
Chad

Kano
% Maiduguri %
Burkina
Burkina Faso
Faso %

Kaduna Maroua
%
%

Jos
%
Benin
Minna
Benin Nigeria
Nigeria %

Ilorin
N ig
eer _
^
% Abuja

Oshogbo
%
Ibadan

%
%
Abeokuta %
Akure

Lagos Enugu
Cotonou
%
Benin City
% % %
%

Cameroon
Cameroon

Central
Central African
African Republic
Republic
Calabar
Port Harcourt%
%

Douala
% Yaounde
%
Equatorial
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea

0 87.5 175 350 Miles

Legend
^ Capital City
_ Nigerian Border Areas with highest density of Boko Haram attacks

Major Cities, by Population Size Regional percent of primary school-aged

students out of school
% % % % %
0
r

0
0
te

00

00

00
00
ea

0,

0,
0,
0,
gr

50

25
00
00

0
-2

-4

-6
d

1,
5,

to

to
an

10

20

40
to
to

00

00
00

00
00

,0

,0
,0

,0
,0

0
00

25

10
0
00

50
0

0
5,

1,

Sources:
Data on Boko Haram attacks, education levels, and city populations are from ArcGis online open source data.
Education rates are from 2013 and Boko Haram attacks ocurred in the years 2012 - 2014
 Boko Haram is Based Around the States with the Lowest Access to Electricity
States where less than 40% of residents have access to electricity make up 41% of Nigeria's area.
These states make up 73% of the area within 1 standard deviational ellipse of the mean center of boko Haram attacks

Mali
Mali

Niger
Niger

Chad
Chad
%

% %

% % Lake
Lake Chad
Chad

% %
Burkina
Burkina Faso
Faso %

!
>
Benin
Benin %
%

% Nigeria
Nigeria

N ig
eer _ Abuja
^ %
%

%
% %

%
% % %
%

Cameroon
Cameroon

Central
Central African
African Republic
Republic

%
%

%
%
Equatorial
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea

0 87.5 175 350 Miles

Legend
^ Capital City
_ Nigerian border
Major Cities, by Population Size State boundaries
% % % % %
State where less than 40% of residents
have access to electricity
r

0
0

0
te

00
00

00

00
ea

!
>
0,

0,

0,
0,

Mean center of Boko Haram attacks

gr

00

50

25
00
d

1,
5,

to

to
an

to

to

00

00

1 standard deviational ellipse from mean center

00

00

00

,0

,0
,0

,0

,0

0
00

25

10
00

0
50
0

0
5,

1,

Sources:
Data on Boko Haram attacks and electricity access are from ArcGis online open source data;
Boko Haram attacks ocurred in the years 2012 - 2014, and electricity data are from 2015.