Varona, Maria Donnabelle B.

12 - Fleming
HW # 1
06/06/17

A. Definitions of Literature
A creative and organized way of expressing human thoughts through written
words.
own
Collection or records of humans interpreting their emotions, situations, and
surrounding environment through writing.
An evidence of a specific timeframe, presented through writing, which is
unique for every person.
Literature consists of those writing which interpret the meanings of nature
and life, in words of charm and power, touched with the personality of the
author, in artistic forms of permanent interest. - Henry van Dyke
Literature is the garment which one puts on what he says or writes so that it
may appear more attractive. - Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (Muslim Scholar
and Philosopher)
Literature is organized violence committed on ordinary speech - Roman
Jakobson (Russian Formalist)
"Literature is where I go to explore the highest and lowest places in human
society and in the human spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but
the truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart." - Salman
Rushdie
Literature is a luxury; fiction is a necessity." - G. K. Chesterton
"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the
necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this
respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become." - C. S.
Lewis
Develop interest in life as you see it; in people, things, literature, music -
the world is so rich, simply throbbing with rich treasures, beautiful souls and
interesting people. Forget yourself. - Henry Miller
"It is in literature that the concrete outlook of humanity receives its
expression." - Alfred North Whitehead
"Literature is anything that is printed, as long as it is related to the ideas and
feelings of people, whether it is true, or just a product of one's imagination."-
Webster
"Literature expresses the feelings of people to the society, to the
government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen and to his Divine creator."-
Brother Azurin

B. Distinctions of Prose & Poetry

PROSE POETRY
used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities most typical form of language, Latin prsa,
in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent which literally translates as 'straight-forward
meaning
the art of rhythmical composition, written or matter-of-fact, commonplace, or dull
spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, expression, quality, discourse, etc
imaginative, or elevated thoughts
all about accumulation (a morality of work) isolation of feelings (an aesthetics of
omission)
ethical project amoral, a tampering with truths which the
world of prose (and its naturalistic approach
to mimesis)
Types of Prose

1. Short Story - A prose narrative limited to a certain word limit; it generally includes
descriptions, dialogues, and commentaries; however, one characteristic that distinguishes a
short story from the other kinds of prose is the concentration on a compact narrative with
detailed character drawing.

2. Novel - Similar to a short story, a novel includes uncertain information since it centers on
different types and possibilities. However, the length of a novel is highly undecided due to
the numerous characters and situations included in it.

3. Fable - a short allegorical tale emphasizing on a moral or any principle of behavior. The
characters of fables are usually animals that portray like human beings, though they keep
their animal traits intact. The moral of these fables is highlighted towards the end of the story
in the form of a proverb and is generally enacted.

4. Fairy Tale - Stories of kings, princesses, poor farmers, and queens are not new to any
one of us. They are generally guided by supernatural or magical events that fascinate us to
get engrossed in them. These short stories are nothing but fairy tales. They are
distinguished by generalized characters without being individualized or localized; thus, the
names a king, a queen, a poor farmer, and a princess. Fairy tales begin with
misfortunes graduating towards undergoing adventures and solving mysteries, and ending
in a happily-ever-after mode, thereby rewarding the virtue. These stories often revolve
around charms, magic, disguise, and spells. Hans Christian Andersen (Danish), Basile
(Italian), the Grimm Brothers (German), Perrault (French), and Keightley and Croker
(English) are known to create some of the most famous collections of fairy tales.

5. Tale - is a kind of prose narrative that describes strange and wonderful events in the form
of somewhat bare summary. However, the main character is not focused on or given due
importance. In fact, the goal or purpose of the tale is highlighted and given front seat rather
than the main protagonist himself. For example, in the tale English folk of Jack and the
Beanstalk, the beanstalk and the giant are highlighted instead of Jacks personality.

Types of Poetry
1. Sonnet - a short rhyming poem with 14 lines. The original sonnet form was invented in
the 13/14th century by Dante and an Italian philosopher named Francisco Petrarch. The
form remained largely unknown until it was found and developed by writers such as
Shakespeare. Sonnets use iambic meter in each line and use line-ending rhymes.

2. Limerick - a five-line witty poem with a distinctive rhythm. The first, second and fifth
lines, the longer lines, rhyme. The third and fourth shorter lines rhyme. (A-A-B-B-A).

3. Haiku - ancient form of poem writing is renowned for its small size as well as the precise
punctuation and syllables needed on its three lines. It is of ancient Asian origin. Haiku's
are composed of 3 lines, each a phrase. The first line typically has 5 syllables, second
line has 7 and the 3rd and last line repeats another 5. In addition there is a seasonal
reference included.

4. Narrative - tells the story of an event in the form of a poem. There is a strong sense of
narration, characters, and plot.

5. Epic - a lengthy narrative poem in grand language celebrating the adventures and
accomplishments of a legendary or conventional hero.

6. Couplet - two lines of verse which rhyme and form a unit alone or as part of a poem

7. Free Verse - A Free Verse Poem does not follow any rules. Their creation is completely
in the hands of the author. Rhyming, syllable count, punctuation, number of lines,
 number of stanzas, and line formation can be done however the author wants in order to
convey the idea.

C. Distinction of Oral and Written Communication

ORAL WRITTEN
done through words and speaking
may include ritual texts, curative chants, epic
poems, musical genres, folk tales, creation
tales, songs, myths, spells, legends, written is through the written word
proverbs, riddles, tongue-twisters, word
games, recitations, life histories or historical
narratives.

References:
http://ak65inlove.blogspot.com/2013/02/definitions-of-literature-according-to.html
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Poetry_vs_Prose
http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/types-of-prose-11922.html
https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poems/other/
http://www.oralliterature.org/about/oralliterature.html
http://education.blurtit.com/441740/what-are-the-differences-between-oral-and-written-literature