Cigarette Smoking among Sepuluh Nopember

Institute of Technology Students

Adi Suryani, S.S., MED(L&M)

Lecturer
Department of English

Ananta Galih Nusantara

2314100052
Chemical Engineering

Department of Education Science and Culture

Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

Telp.: (031) 5994251, Fax.: (031) 5923465, E-mail: rektor@its.ac.id

INTRODUCTION

Cigarette is a consume thing that is made from tobacco. It is a thing that make all
people become addicted to use that every time. Smoke a cigarette is an activity that dont
give a good impact and benefits to people who do that. Cigarette industry produce their
product (cigarette) in purpose to fulfill adult peoples need in smoke a cigarette. But, this
purpose is just an opinion. Now, in this era, many student that is not an adult people who
allowed to smoke do that like an adult people. They dont pay attention about the
negative impact from smoke a cigarette.

When people were young, they could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere
even in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're more aware
about how bad smoking is for our health. Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all
public places and cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on TV, radio, and
in many magazines. Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema,
and heart disease; that it can shorten your life by 10 years or more; and that the habit
can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are still lighting up?
The answer, in a word, is addiction. Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco
contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body
and mind quickly become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have
it just to feel normal. Most adults who started smoking in their teens never expected to
become addicted. That's why people say it's just so much easier to not start smoking at
all.

There are many negative impacts from smoke a cigarette. Health problems are the
most problem that affect the smoker. There are approximately 600 ingredients in
cigarettes. When burned, they create more than 7,000 chemicals. At least 69 of these
chemicals are known to cause cancer, and many are poisonous. Many of these chemicals
are also found in consumer products, but these products have warning labels. While the
public is warned about the danger of the poisons in these products, there is no such
warning for the toxins in tobacco smoke. Many humans organs and nerves destroy when
they start to smoke. Over the long term, smoking leads people to develop health problems
like heart disease, stroke, emphysema (breakdown of lung tissue), and many types of
cancer including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer. People who smoke also
have an increased risk of infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

The other negative impact is money. When they start to smoke, they also start to be a
poor man/woman. The price of the cigarette is not cheap. Every time they burn their
cigarette, they also burn their money. We have already know that smoke activity is a
useless activity, in other words, it dont give any benefit to smoker. So, why adult people
want to burn they money whereas they can use their money to fulfill their family needs?
Student cant earn money because their obligation just to study. So, they are a very stupid
people when they start to smoke. Student that have an obligation to study and expand
their knowledge start to smoke because many reason. Some think it looks cool. Others
start because their family members or friends smoke. They just want to try it, but they
become addict about that. They have a personal problem and they think that with smoke
a cigarette, they can solve their problem.
RESEARCH PROBLEMS

Background

Students are people who study in purpose to collect many knowledges, so that
they can change the face of the world into the bright future. Students have a big
responsibility to make a wonderfull world. To make all of it become true, students must
know how they place theirselves in the right place. Students must do this thing to avoid
the danger from many factors. One of the dangerous factor is cigarette. When students
start to smoke a cigarette, they also start to destroy theirselves. Destroying their health
and their mind. The negative effects of cigarette use go well beyond health problems.
Students who smoke a cigarette is also associated with mental health issues, lower
academic performance, high-risk drinking, drug use, and high-risk sexual behavior.

Cigarette is a big bomb which place this world in danger. If students always
smoke and smoke a cigarette, they will become lazy and if they become lazy, who will
build this world? Based from this serious problem, I will research why student smoke a
cigarette.

Research Problems

Why do students start to smoke? What factor that make students hard to stop
their activity in smoking a cigarette? These are research problems that researcher
would like to solve.

Significance of the Research

Students fell fear to smoke a cigarette because of its negative effects. Students that
have already smoked a cigarette stop to do that again.

Research Method

Researcher will find any data about cigarette in internet. The data will be make as a
based theory to collect survey among cigarette habit in people live. Researcher will share
many question forms to many students in ITS Surabaya. The question forms contain the
questions from research problems.

METHOD OF STUDY

Method
The method of the study is using qualitative and quantitative method as part of the
research. The researcher is using the survey medium to collect the information to
determine the particular causes in case of quantitative and qualitative method. And, the
researcher is using the study of literature to determine the case of psychology matters in
case of qualitative method.
Research Site
In case to determine the research site, the researcher will limit it in the campus of
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology as the boundary. This research site determined
as part of survey area limitation.

Participants
In case to pick the data from the population of the student of Sepuluh Nopember
Institute of Technology, the researcher will look after the student of electrical engineering
as the sample in order to determine the limits that are placed on the generalizations that
can be made regarding the study results. The researcher will pick up to 100 students to be
surveyed.

Instruments
The instruments that will be used in this research is survey medium. The researcher
will use the survey medium to collect the information easily. As part of technology
proliferation, the survey will be implemented on Android device, so the participants will
give the information through the Android device instantly.

Procedure of Data Collection

1. The researcher will search for the data from the participants.
2. The researcher will analyze the collected data from the participants.
3. The researcher will find the data about the participants who are identified of having
cigarette problems in their life.

RESULT

The mean age of students was 17.24 years and standard deviation (SD) was
0.80; 25.7% of the students (30.1% of the boys and 20.9% of the girls; p < 0.001) were
current smokers. The ratio of male students who were daily smokers was higher than
female students and male students smoked more cigarettes daily (Table 2). In female
students who smoked compared to those who did not, the smoking ratios of mothers ( p <
0.001) and siblings (p < 0.05) were found to be higher. In the male students who smoked
compared to the male non-smokers, the smoking habit of their siblings was found to be
higher [p < 0.001] (Table 4).
 In both the mothers and fathers of male students who smoked, there was a higher
proportion with exposure to high school and more formal education compared to non-
smokers. Mothers of female students who smoked had a higher proportion of exposure to
high school and more levels of formal education compared to mothers of non-smokers
(Table 4).

The starting age of smoking was 12.81 and SD was 1.54 (517) for students and
the duration time of smoking was 3.21 years and SD was 2.23. "Yes" answers to
questions related to control of smoking were significantly lower in students who smoked
compared to non-smokers [p < 0.001] (Table 5).
 For students who tried smoking, the most important reason was curiosity (71.7%)
and current and former smokers, it was the desire to imitate friends (41.4%). Of the
students who smoked, 58.2% had tried to quit smoking and 66.9% said that they thought
they should quit.

DISCUSSION

In this study, current smoking prevalence among university students was found to
be 25.7%. The high rate of smoking in university students and the rising rate of university
students reaching the smoking rates belonging to people above the age of 20 years,
indicate that most of the smokers begin smoking before university. In Indonesia has
accounted for 25% deaths per year from tobacco smoking. The adult men of this country
are predicted to be the group which will manifest the highest early mortality rate by 2020.
In our country, 70 000 100 000 people are estimated to die each year due to diseases
developing as a result of causes associated with smoking, and this number accounts for
14% of overall deaths occurring each year. The economic price of smoking to our country
is estimated to be about 10 billion dollars per year. If the high frequency of smoking
continues in Indonesia, morbidity and mortality rates could increase due to diseases
associated with smoking. Moreover, smoking will have significant negative influence on the
country's economy, as well.

In this study, it was established that male students smoke more than female
students and their daily number of cigarettes was also higher. In our study the
male/female ratio in cigarette smoking was 1.4:1. Indonesia is a country in a transition
stage. This situation may be related to the decreasing positive role of traditional culture
which does not favour cigarette smoking by women and children in developing countries.

In this study, there was correlation between smoking habits of family members and
their educational levels and the smoking habits of high school students was different for
female and male students. In previous studies, investigators found that having a 'smoker'
father, 'smoker' mother, 'smoker' mother and father, and a 'smoker' sibling increased the
risk of smoking in adolescents. In developed countries, smoking rates decrease as
educational levels of women increase. Contrary to this, studies carried out in Indonesia
showed that while smoking rates of men did not change with the increase of educational
levels, this rate increased in women with the higher educational levels. In Indonesia
society, cigarette smoking by women and children is considered unusual but cigarette
smoking of men and women who have high educational levels and economical
independence is acceped. In the family, mothers constitute a role model especially for
their daughters and they influence their daughters most. Thus, mothers' smoking habits
may facilitate smoking in girls. In the family, boys have more common shares with their
siblings (especially with their brothers) and they take them as role models frequently. In
Indonesia, mothers' and fathers' graduation from high school or university are accepted as
good educational levels. In these types of families, they may get acquainted with cigarette
smoking more easily.

Students who smoked compared to non-smokers gave less "yes" answers to

questions related to control of smoking. The reason for this may be that they feel that
smoking is appropriate for them and limitations will be to their disadvantage.

Smoking is one of the most dangerous widespread phenomena that threatens lives
of a huge number of people worldwide. It starts as a way of having fun, but ends as an
addiction that is therefore so difficult to give up. Today, we often hear of smoking among
students. So why do students smoke and what effects smoking has on them? There are
many reasons behind the phenomenon of smoking among students. To start with,
students smoke because they are curious and want to discover the world of those who
smoke. They are just trying to have some fun when they smoke the first cigarette. Other
students take up smoking due to the family problems, especially when they see their
parents having quarrels. Moreover, some students smoke since they think a cigarette
would relieve stress they had during the day, especially at school. Last but not least,
students try to imitate adult smokers because they want to show that they are adults, too.

If we look at the consequences of smoking, we will find so many. Smoking causes

cancer. As a result, the addict students would suffer from health problems that end in
death. Another effect is that after certain years, the addict would develop respiratory
problems and will face a lot of problems in running without losing breath. So, asthma,
bronchitis, and emphysema are always a lingering threat. One more important effect of
smoking is that it causes a lot of anger for the addict. Whenever they lack cigarettes, they
start reacting angrily and strangely. To sum up, smoking is an ongoing threatening danger
for addicts and might affect the next generation. The best solution is prevention according
to the proverb that says Prevention is better than cure.

It must be noted that this study has the limitations of a cross-sectional study. This
study consists of only one region. It did not comprise the whole country or all parts of the
city. This study did not represent working adolescents who did not continue school in this
district.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, for the benefits of current and future public health, it is important to
prevent young people from smoking and to encourage smokers to give up cigarette
smoking. Parental smoking and educational levels of mothers and fathers influenced the
smoking habits of adolescents. This influence was different for female and male
adolescents. If smoking in adolescents and adults continues at a high rate, there will be
negative effects on public health and the country's economy in the near future. The
authors believe that anti-tobacco messages should be designed according to the local
culture of every community and must target family, friends and schools and the gender
difference in adolescents should be taken into consideration.

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