Faculty of Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Department

Well Logging and Formation Evaluation

(PDB 2044)

Homework # 1

Student's ID & Name

Semester 3 2016/2017

1
 Answer Following Problems
1- A formation water sample analysis shows 4600 ppm Ca, 14000 ppm SO4 , 5000 CO3and
39000 NaCl.

Determine
1) Formation water resistivity, Rw @ 75 F and 200 F.

2) The average composition of formation water has been as follow: 4190 ppm Ca,
13000 ppm Mg, 10700 ppm , K, 14600 ppm HCO3, 2700 SO4,and 43000 NaCl

Determine:
1) Rw using monograph @ 60 F, 100 F, 150, 175 & 200 F.
2) Draw the relationship between Rw and temperature and derive suitable Rw-T
function

3) For a water sample taken from the separator @ 68F, the chemical composition was as
follow: 55000 ppm NaCl, 12900 ppm Ca, 6800 ppm SO4 & 4500 ppm HCO3 and 3800 ppm
Mg.

Determine:
1) Formation water resisitivity, Rw @ 68F
2) If we consider the water as composed only from NaCl, what is Rw?
3) Can you consider this water as pure NaCl for resistivity logging? and why

4) In order to find out the correct values of Archies constants a and m, 12 rock
Samples with different porosities were tested. These samples were saturated with brine
water with Rw = 0.15 .m and resistivity values were determined.
Core 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
No
Ro 3.8 3.42 3.23 9.5 11.4 15.2 2.47 6.65 5.6 6.9 9.12 18.5
.m
0.25 0.24 0.29 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.30 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.12

Determine:
1) Archies constants a and m using these samples

5) A limestone core sample (d= 2 in, L= 3 in) is saturated with brine of 0.45.m resistivity.
The core was desaturated in steps and the following resistance values were recorded for each
saturation point.

Sw 1 0.9 0.8 0.73 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.375 0.35 0.30

R, 520 675 950 1175 1510 2290 3235 5470 6800 11000

Determine:
1) Saturation exponent
2) Rock sample porosity

2
6) The porosity in a water sand layer is 0.175 and Rw = 0.13 .m and Rmf = 1.32 .m @
formation temperature and the resistivity from an induction log reads 3.55 .m in virgin
zone and 41 .m in flushed zone (a, m and n are 0.62, 2.15, 2).

Determine:
1) Formation resistivity factor in virgin zone
2) Formation resistivity factor in flushed zone, comment on your results
3) If Rt = 34 .m and Rxo = 74 .m, Find out Sw and Sxo

7) An induction and sonic logs survey were recorded for producing section of 100 ft where an
oil water contact was observed showing a water limestone section of 60 ft thickness. Sonic
log showed homogenous limestone layer of the same porosity. Induction log readings were Rt
0. 8 .m in the water section and 12 .m in the oil section and Rxo = 10 .m in water
section and 23 .m. in oil section, (Rw = 0.021..m and Rmf = 0.262 .m).

Determine:
1) Limestone porosity
2) Water saturation of oil section and water section
3) Flushed zone saturation of oil section and water section
4) IOIP and recoverable oil in rb (drainage area = 15 Acre).

8) Using the relationship between formation resistivity factor and permeability in

mD.
Determine:
1) Determine permeability for problems 6.
2) Determine permeability for problems 7.