8 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

ext m ext m int m ext ext m int m ext

+ + + +
+ + +
+ + +
int + + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
Plate Electric + + + Plate
area () field () + + + area ()

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 8: Dielectric phenomena inside a dilute single suspension of a thin membrane from Frickes model (a) Frickes model of a dilute single
suspension of a thin membrane of thickness , (b) 1D representation of the a dilute single suspension of a thin membrane from Frickes model
of a dilute single suspension of a thin membrane of thickness , (c) dielectric polarization under an electric field within a dilute single
suspension of a thin membrane of thickness in 1D.

where to investigate the role of the thin insulating membrane influ-

1 +
encing the frequency-dependent behavior of the effective
= ,
+ int /ext
admittivity. In the model comprising a suspended membrane,
there exists a thin membrane M of a thickness , as shown in
2 1 2 3
Figure 6, within our target voxel. Assume that the admittivity
= , distribution changes abruptly across the membrane
1 2 3
int + int
(36)
(r, ) := (r) + (r) = {
in M
= ext + ext in \ M ,
0 (2 + ) (12 + ) (22 + ) (32 + )
int
( = 1, 2, 3) . 0, 0.
ext
When = = ( is sphere) and the volume fraction
(39)

= ||/|| is small, Maxwell-Wagner [26] formula for ef () In the case of a dilute suspension of a single membrane,
is given by any potential satisfying () = 0 can be expressed as

ef () = (ext + ext ) ext + ext

(r) (r) + ( ) DM (r) ,
int + int
(40)
(int ext ) + (int ext )
(1 + 3 ) (37)
(int + 2ext ) + (int + 2ext ) where M is the surface of the membrane and

+ (2 ) . r r , n (r )
DM (r) = (r ) .

(41)
4r r
3
With the aid of = ( + 2 )/( + 2 ), we can derive
M
int ext int ext

the Debye dispersion function for ef ()as follows:

The density is determined by membrane structure and the
(ef (0) ef ()) 2 2 refraction index:
ef () = ef () +

1 + 2 2 ext
=
n
ef () on M. (42)
(38)
ef (0) ef () Here, we recall DM |M = ((1/2)+K) on the surface M.
+ [ef () + ].
1 + 2 2
In 1955, Fricke [39] studied the equivalent admittivity
ef () for the case of a spherical membrane suspension using its
pointwise admittivity distribution (Figure 7):
Next, we will investigate the effective admittivity for dilute
{ if |r| <
suspensions of membranes.
{
int

(r, ) = { on M = {r : < |r| < }

{ ext
(43)
{ if |r| > .
2.4. Dilute Single Suspension of Membrane. Finally, consider
the case of a dilute single suspension of membranes (Figure 8)