3.4. Acids and Bases HW

CyberEd Study Guide
Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts

CyberEd Teacher Study Guide: Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts
The following National Science Education Standards specifically relate to this study
guide:
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS
o A large number of important reactions involve the transfer of either

electrons (oxidation/reduction reactions) or hydrogen ions (acid/base
reactions) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms. In other
reactions, chemical bonds are broken by heat or light to form very
reactive radicals with electrons ready to form new bonds. Radical
reactions control many processes such as the presence of ozone and
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, burning and processing of fossil
fuels, the formation of polymers, and explosions
Table of Contents
Safety and Terminology .................................................................................................. 2

Identifying Acids and Bases ............................................................................................ 4
Ions in Acid/Base Solutions ............................................................................................. 5
The Arrhenius Model ....................................................................................................... 7
Other Models and Model Comparisons ......................................................................... 11
Ionizable Hydrogen and the pH Concept....................................................................... 13
Calculating pH ............................................................................................................... 16
Conjugate Acids and Bases .......................................................................................... 19
Strength of Acids and Bases ......................................................................................... 21
Salts .............................................................................................................................. 25
Acids, Bases and the Environment................................................................................ 28
Resources Referenced in this Study Guide
Software Programs
CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salts
Quizzes & Tests

All quizzes and tests referenced in this Study Guide can be located in the Teaching
Resources section of the CyberEd Oasis website.
Lab Activities
All lab activities referenced in this Study Guide can be located in the Teaching
Resources section of the CyberEd Oasis website.
Web Links
All web links referenced in this Study Guide can be located in the Teaching Resources
section of the CyberEd Oasis website.
Page 1 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Safety and Terminology
Safety and Terminology

Now load the CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Properties of Acids,
Bases, and Salts. View scenes 1 5 and complete the exercise below.
Examine safety and terminology.
Multimedia
Presentation
Scenes 1 3
1. Handle with Care: this
picture shows familiar
products containing acids
or bases that can cause
injury if used carelessly.
Give some examples of
how to handle such
products safely.
Scene 4
2. Theyre Everywhere: this illustration
shows common products containing
acids or bases that are safe to
consume. Give some examples from
Scene 4.

Scene 5
3. What happens when acids, bases or salts are mixed into water? What are cations
and anions?

Identifying Acids and Bases
Identifying Acids and Bases

Bases, and Salts. View scenes 6 - 10 and complete the exercise below.
Learn the criteria for distinguishing acids and bases.
Multimedia
Presentation
Scenes 6 10
1. Particular Properties: these two
illustrations show how an acid or
base has unique physical and
chemical properties. Describe in
detail the ways such properties
can be determined.

Ions in Acid/Base Solutions
Ions in Acid/Base Solutions

Bases, and Salts. View scenes 11 - 14 and complete the exercise
below.
Multimedia Examine the role of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in acids and
Presentation bases.
Scenes 11 12
1. The Lonely Proton: this picture portrays a
hydrogen atom and a hydrogen ion. Why
are hydrogen ions important for
understanding the properties of acidic
solutions? What is an alternate label for the
hydrogen ion? How is hydrogen different
from all other elements?
Scene 13
2. Mix Up: this illustration
shows different kinds of
mixtures. Explain the
essential concepts of
mixtures in solution and
how these concepts apply
to acid-base chemistry.

Scene 14
3. Watered Down: What is an aqueous solution? Describe what happens in

aqueous solution to an acid and to a base.
Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salt

Please load the CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Properties of Acids,
Bases, and Salts. Complete Interactive Lessons #1 and 2.
A review of acids and bases.
Interactive
Lesson

The Arrhenius Model
The Arrhenius Model

below.
Multimedia Study the Arrhenius model for acidic and basic properties.
Presentation
Scenes 15 16
1. Describe in detail how Svante Arrhenius developed his model of acids and bases.
What was Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base?

Scenes 17 18
2. Active Neutrality: this graphic shows
pure liquid water at equilibrium. What
happens at the molecular level to
hydrogen ions in pure liquid water?
What happens when an acid or a base
is added to water?
Scene 19
3. Ions at Equilibrium: this graphic lists steps
in the derivation of the constant, K w .
Describe the derivation of K w and what
the term means.

Scene 20
4. Explain Molarity, using a solution of sodium chloride and the equilibrium of water
self ionization as examples.
Scene 21
5. Measure for Measure: this graphic
shows the equilibrium concentrations
of ions in pure water at 25 degrees
Celsius. Discuss how these values are
used to calculate Kw. What is the
importance of Kw?

Scene 22
6. Review: What basic facts about water are essential to understanding the
properties of acids and bases?

Other Models and Model Comparisons
Other Models and Model Comparisons

below.
Multimedia Examine the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis models for acid-base

Presentation chemistry.
Scene 23
1. What are the limitations of the Arrhenius model?
Scenes 24 -- 25
2. Acid-Base Models: this table compares different models for acid-base chemistry.
Supply the appropriate entries to the blank cells. Keep in mind that for the Lewis
model, electron pairs in an acid-base reaction are not given away from base to
acid, they become shared.
Founder Model Illustration Definition of Acid Definition of Base

3. Use each model to explain HCl in aqueous solution.
Scene 26
4. Why is the Lewis model superior to the other two? When is that superiority of little
advantage?

Bases, and Salts. Complete Interactive Lesson # 3.
Review the work of Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis.
Interactive
Lesson

Ionizable Hydrogen and the pH Concept
Ionizable Hydrogen and the pH Concept

below.
Multimedia Examine ion concentrations in acids and bases.

Presentation
Scene 27
1. Hydrogen for Hire: This graphic shows three products, each containing a different
acid. How are these acids classified? Complete the table.
Acid formula Number of ionizable H Classification
HCl
H2SO4
H3PO4

Scene 28
2. Adding an Acid: this graphic shows
ion concentrations in water before
and after adding an acid. What
happens to hydrogen ions donated
to aqueous solution by a
dissociated acid? To what extent
does the anion donated by the
acid affect the solution?

Scenes 29 30
3. Powers of Hydronium: this graphic shows how the molar concentration of

hydronium ions is related to the pH scale. Explain this relationship, using the
highlighted examples in the graphic.
Scene 31
4. What is the value of a neutral pH? Where on the pH scale do acids and bases fall?

Application of the pH scale.
Interactive
Lesson

Calculating pH
Calculating pH
below.
Multimedia Learn to calculate the pH of a solution.

Presentation
Scene 32
1. Breaking the Log Jam: this graphic shows how to calculate base ten logarithms
and use them to determine pH values. Explain the process, providing an example
that shows the relationship of logarithms to the pH scale.

Scene 33
2. Logging Coefficients: this graphic
shows how to calculate pH when the
coefficient in scientific notation is a
value other than one. Complete the
calculation, rounding to significant
digits. How does the result compare
in acidity to a pH of 3?
Scenes 34 35
3. Teeter-Totter Math: this illustration
portrays the calculation of pH
when only the concentration of
hydroxide ions is given rather than
the concentration of hydronium
ions. What is the basic principle
underlying this method?

Scene 36
4. What are the key points to remember about pH? Complete the table by elaborating
on each key point.
Key point Elaboration
About acid-base properties
About hydronium ions
About the ion product constant
About writing molar concentrations
About the pH scale range
About ion concentration and neutral pH
About ion concentration and acidic pH
About ion concentration and basic pH

Practice determining the pH of acids and bases.
Interactive
Lesson

Conjugate Acids and Bases
Conjugate Acids and Bases

below.
Multimedia Examine acid base behavior in reversible reactions.

Presentation
Scene 37
1. Switch Hitter: this graphic
shows how water can serve as
either an acid or a base.
What is an amphoteric
compound? Explain the
illustrated reactions.
Scene 38
2. Two Way Street: this
illustration shows the
reversible reaction of
acetic acid and water.
Use this example to
explain conjugate pairs.

Scene 39
3. Good for Glass: this equation shows the reversible reaction of ammonia in an
aqueous solution. Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in this reaction.
Scene 40
4. Compensating Conjugates: this chart shows the inverse relationship between the
strengths of substances in conjugate acid-base pairs. Explain this relationship,
using examples from the chart.

Strength of Acids and Bases

below.
Multimedia Learn to classify acids and bases as strong or weak.

Presentation
Scene 41
1. The Strong versus The Weak: this graphic raises many questions about how
strong acids and weak acids compare. Explain the characteristic that determines
whether an acid is classified as strong or weak, answering all the questions in the
graphic.

Scenes 42 43
2. Freedom of Dissociation: this graphic shows the derivation of the acid dissociation
constant, Ka. Explain each of the numbered steps in that derivation. How is the
acid dissociation constant used?

Scene 44
3. Strength in Weakness: this chart shows how larger Ka values indicate greater acid
strength (although all the acids listed are classified as weak acids). Explain this
relationship between Ka and relative acid strength.
Scenes 45 46
4. Hydroxide Options: this graphic
shows some features of bases.
Describe each numbered set of
equations. How do bases contribute
hydroxide ions? What does Kb
represent?

Scene 46
5. Strong Above, Weak Below: this graphic shows strong bases in ascending order
and the relative strength of weak bases in ascending order. Summarize what you
have learned so far about the strength of bases.
Scene 47
6 Canceling Out: this graphic
shows the properties of
acids and bases that allow
neutralization. What is
neutralization? Describe
how it is achieved.


Classify acids and bases as strong or weak.
Interactive
Lesson
Salts
below.
Multimedia
In these scenes you will study the properties of salts, the product when
Presentation acids react with bases.

Scenes 48 49
1. What are salts? How are they formed? How are they unlike their parent
compounds?
Scenes 50 51
2. Crystal Chemistry: this graphic illustrates the melting of a salt crystal lattice. What
is a crystal lattice? What properties of salts owe to their crystal lattice structure?

Scene 52
3. Mobile versus Trapped: this graphic shows
when a salt is electrically conductive and
when it is not. Explain the conductive
property of salts.
Scene 53
4. Salt of the Earth: this graphic
shows a few of the many
common products containing salt
compounds. Discuss the products
mentioned in Scene 53.

Identify acids, bases, and salts.
Interactive
Lesson

Acids, Bases and the Environment
Acids, Bases and the Environment

below.
Multimedia Learn how acid-base chemistry can be used to understand some

Presentation pollution problems.
Scenes 54 55
1. Rain of Equations: this graphic shows
equations that describe the chemistry of
acid rain. Explain the numbered
equations. Discuss the sources and
consequences of acid rain.

Scene 56
2. Summarize the topics you have studied in this lesson by filling in the table.
Safety
Acid & base

models
pH
Acid & base

strength
Salts
Acid rain

A review of acid rain.
Interactive
Lesson
Comprehensive Exam: Properties of Acids, Bases, and

Salt
Please take the exam provided by your teacher.
Test

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CyberEd Study Guide

Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts

CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS

o A large number of important reactions involve the transfer of either

Safety and Terminology .................................................................................................. 2

Resources Referenced in this Study Guide

Quizzes & Tests

Page 1 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Safety and Terminology

Safety and Terminology

Page 2 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 3 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Identifying Acids and Bases

Identifying Acids and Bases

Page 4 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Ions in Acid/Base Solutions

Ions in Acid/Base Solutions

Page 5 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

3. Watered Down: What is an aqueous solution? Describe what happens in

Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salt

Page 6 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

The Arrhenius Model

The Arrhenius Model

Page 7 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 8 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 9 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 10 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Other Models and Model Comparisons

Other Models and Model Comparisons

Multimedia Examine the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis models for acid-base

Page 11 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

3. Use each model to explain HCl in aqueous solution.

Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salt

Page 12 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Ionizable Hydrogen and the pH Concept

Ionizable Hydrogen and the pH Concept

Multimedia Examine ion concentrations in acids and bases.

Page 13 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 14 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

3. Powers of Hydronium: this graphic shows how the molar concentration of

Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salt

Page 15 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Multimedia Learn to calculate the pH of a solution.

Page 16 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 17 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

About hydronium ions

About the ion product constant

About writing molar concentrations

About the pH scale range

About ion concentration and neutral pH

About ion concentration and acidic pH

About ion concentration and basic pH

Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salt

Page 18 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Conjugate Acids and Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

Multimedia Examine acid base behavior in reversible reactions.

Page 19 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 20 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Strength of Acids and Bases

Multimedia Learn to classify acids and bases as strong or weak.

Page 21 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 22 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.

Page 23 2003 Cyber Ed, Inc.