PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals

LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

EXPERIMENT 3
RL, and RC CIRCUIT

University Kuala Lumpur Institute of Product Design & Manufacturing

No.119, Jalan 7/91, Taman Shamelin Perkasa, 3.5 Miles Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur
PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

Introduction
This experiment is relate to parallel RL, and RC circuit. Students will apply all the theory
learn in class and compare with the experiment.

Outcomes:
At the end of this lab session, student will be able to
1. Able to construct the RL, and RC circuit using basic electrical components and
instruments in Multisim software.
2. Able to apply the theoretical electrical and electronics principles of RL and RC circuit.

3. Able to simulation and measure the voltage, and current in the RL, and RC circuit.

Instrument List:
1. Personal Computer (Laptop)
2. Multisim Software

Simulation Multisim:
RL Circuit
1. Construct a circuit as shown in Figure 1. Resistor value is 2k and inductor value is
4H and Vin is 50V applied.
G
T
A B

2kohm
Key = Space R1

50V 3kohm 4H
E L

Figure 1: RL Circuit

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

Theory Calculation RL

The RL circuit shown above has a resistor and an inductor connected in series. A constant
voltage V is applied when the switch is closed.
The (variable) voltage across the resistor is given by:

VR=iR

The (variable) voltage across the inductor is given by:

VL=Ldtdi
Kirchhoff's voltage law says that the directed sum of the voltages around a circuit must be zero.
This results in the following differential equation:

Ri+Ldtdi=V
Once the switch is closed, the current in the circuit is not constant. Instead, it will build up from
zero to some steady state.

The solution of the differential equation Ri+Ldtdi=V is:

i=RV(1e(R/L)t)

The solution of the differential equation Ri+Ldtdi=V is:

i=RV(1e(R/L)t)

Here is the graph of this equation:

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

The plot shows the transition period during which the current adjusts from its initial value of
zero to the final value RV, which is the steady state.

The Time Constant

The time constant (TC), known as , of the function

i=RV(1e(R/L)t)
is the time at which LR is unity ( = 1). Thus for the RL transient, the time constant is = RL
seconds.

NOTE: is the Greek letter "tau" and is not the same as T or the time variable t, even though
it looks very similar.

From the formula, calculate the RL circuit increasing and decreasing current and develop the
graph using graph paper.

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

Simulation Multisim:
RC Circuit
1. Construct a circuit as shown in Figure 2. Resistor value is 8.2k and cpacitor value is
0.01 F and Vin is 50V.
G
T
A B

8kohm
Key = Space R

1sec
+ VR -

+
1V 1kHz 0Deg 4uF
VC C
-

Figure 2: RC Circuit
2. Simulation the circuit and present the analysis in your report.

Theory Calculation RC
The voltage across the resistor and capacitor are as follows:

VR=Ri
and

VC=C1i dt
Kirchhoff's voltage law says the total voltages must be zero. So applying this law to a series
RC circuit results in the equation:

Ri+C1i dt=V

One way to solve this equation is to turn it into a differential equation, by differentiating
throughout with respect to t:

Rdtdi+Ci=0

Solving the equation gives us:

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

i=RVet/RC

Important note: We are assuming that the circuit has a constant voltage source, V. This
equation does not apply if the voltage source is variable.

The time constant in the case of an RC circuit is:

= RC
The function

i=RVet/RC
Has an exponential decay shape as shown in the graph. The current stops flowing as the
capacitor becomes fully charged.

Applying our expressions from above, we have the following expressions for the voltage
across the resistor and the capacitor:

VR=Ri=Vet/RC
VC=C1i dt=V(1et/RC)
While the voltage over the resistor drops, the voltage over the capacitor rises as it is charged:

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

From the formula, calculate the RC circuit during charging and discharging voltage and
develop the graph using the graph paper.

Discussion

1. What happen if changing the value of inductor to 10mH and resistance in RL circuit
Figure 1? Verify your discussion experimentally by measuring it.

2. What happen if changing the value of capacitor and resistance in RC circuit in Figure
2? Verify your discussion experimentally by measuring it.

Conclusion
What could conclude from this experiment?

**Note: Completed the experiment student need to write the report format as
follows:-
Introduction
Please write your own word introduction (can be one page).
Objectives
Apparatus List
Simulation Multisim
Analysis (Calculation)
Discussion
Conclusion
Please write your own word conclusion (can be half page).

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

Institute of Product Design and Manufacturing
(UniKL - IPROM)

Course : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIS FUNDAMENTAL

Semester : Sem 2 / Year 1
Assessment : Lab Report 3 RL and RC Circuit
Lecturer Name: JUPRY BIN HAMZAH
Student Name:

Criteria Fail Marginal Pass Credit Distinction Score

Fail
0 1-5 6 -12 13 -19 20-25

No attempt A catchy Average First Good First Excellent First

was made to beginning was paragraph has a paragraph has a paragraph has a
catch the attempted but weak "grabber". weak "grabber". "grabber" or
reader's was confusing catchy beginning.
attention in rather than Average of the Good of the
Introduction the first catchy. explanation is explanation is The entire
(25%) paragraph. related to the related to the explanation is
Some of the assigned topic. assigned topic. related to the
No attempt explanation is The explanation The description assigned topic
has been made related to the strolls off at one wanders off at and allows the
to relate the assigned topic, point, but the one point, but the reader to
explanation to but a reader reader can still reader can still understand much
the assigned does not learn learn learn more about the
topic. much about the topic.
topic.
0-1 2-3 4-5 6-8 9-10

Objectives No objective Is an average Is excellent

Is clear objective Good objective
(10%) set
set or identify for
objective set or
set or identify for
objective set or
identify for the identify for the
the assignment. the assignment.
assignment. assignment.

Apparatus 0 1 1.5 2 2.5

No apparatus Have apparatus Average in Good in Excellent in
List (2.5%) List for the List for the apparatus List for apparatus List for apparatus List for
experiment experiment the experiment the experiment the experiment
0 1 1.5 2 2.5
Experiment No experiment
Average in Good in Excellent in
Procedure procedure for Have experiment
experiment experiment experiment
(2.5%) the procedure for
procedure for the procedure for the procedure for the
experiment the experiment
experiment work. experiment work. experiment work.
work.
0-1 2-3 4-5 6-8 9-10
No calculations
are shown OR
results are Average in Good in Excellent in
Analysis inaccurate or Some calculations and calculations and calculations and
mislabeled. calculations are shown the results shown the results shown the results
(Calculation) shown and the correct with correct with correct with
(10%) results labeled labeled labeled labeled
appropriately appropriately. appropriately. appropriately.

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

0 1-3 4-5 6-8 9-10

No discussion Discussion
Average in
was included includes what Good in Excellent in
discussion and
Discussion in the report. was learned
includes what
discussion discussion
from the includes whether includes whether
(10%) experiment.
was learned from
the comparison the comparison
the experiment.
with some other with some other
fact or value from fact or value from
the experiment. the experiment.

0 1-3 4-5 6-8 9-10

Conclusion Average in Good in
Excellent in
No conclusion includes what conclusion conclusion
conclusion
was included was learned includes what includes whether
includes whether
Conclusion in the report from the was learned from the findings
the findings
OR shows little experiment. the experiment. supported the
(10%) effort and hypothesis and
supported the
hypothesis,
reflection. what was learned
possible sources
from the
of error, and what
experiment.
was learned from
the experiment.
0-1 2-3 4-5 6-9 10-15
Attendance No Participation in Participation in
Participation in
Participation in
participation in the class. the class is the class is
& the class. average.
the class is good.
excellent.
Participant Attendance less
Attendance less
(15%) Attendance than 40%. Attendance less Attendance more
than 80%.
less than 30%. than 50%. than 80%.
0-1 2-3 4-5 6-9 10-15
No able to Average in Good in Excellent in
Able to construct
construct the constructing the constructing the constructing the
the circuit by
circuit by circuit by circuit by circuit by
his/himself.
his/himself. his/himself. his/himself. his/himself.
Practical
Skill (15%) Can using
Cannot using Average in using Good in using Excellent in using
electrical &
electrical & electrical & electrical & electrical &
Electronics hand
Electronics Electronics hand Electronics hand Electronics hand
tool and
hand tool and tool and tool and tool and
instruments
instruments instruments instruments instruments
Total

Comment:

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PMB 16102 Electrical and Electronics Fundamentals
LAB EXPERIMENT 3: RL, and RC Circuit

Appendix