Health Care History - Health and Illness

1. The science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, and promoting physical health.
2. It is defined by WHO as essential health care system by increasing opportunities and supporting the conditions
wherein people will manage their own health care
3. the manner of speech that modifies the meaning and impact of the message
4. the worthiness or belief, trustworthiness or realiabity
5. Views man as an organism composed of different organ
6. Reallocation of budgetary resources
9-10. the _________________ 949 was signed on _______________ by then Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos
11. Year World health assembly launched the global strategy to attain health for all
12. Religious women started to provide nursing care in institutions and homes
13. they develop medical skills and understood the need of hygiene
14. Aka Law of Moses; Communicable diseases control and segregation of lepers
15. Advices on diet, exercise and cleanliness is found throughout the works of Hippocrates
16. Constructed earth privies and public drainage
17. Had piped water, street cleaning and public toilets, and baths
18. Increased spread communicable diseases ( cholera, plague, small pox)
19. Religious convents and monasteries established hospitals
20. A law that guarantees medical services for the poor, blind, and lame individuals
21. To whom Letter of Instruction was addressed
22. It improves health-related issues of the filipinos
23. it means to be Compatible with local condition
24. it means to be attuned to local culture
25. Started to care for the sick
26. Is set of actions used to determine plan, implement and evaluate client care
27. The systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation and documentation of data
28. type of data assessment which comes from the patient according to sensation, feeling and etc.
29. symptoms or covert type
30. signs or overt data
31. detectable and obtained by observation and physical examination
32. supports, record, healthcare professionals, literature
33. consists of gathering of data/information about a person who is seeking healthcare
34. Planned communication or a conversation with a purpose
35. collection method that uses observation techniques such as IPPA
36. Interpret assessment data and identify client strengths and problems based on sign and symptoms presented by
the patient
37. Involves decision making and problem solving
38. a formal plan that specifies the care for groups of client with common needs
39. the crucial part of comprehensive healthcare
40. carrying out of the planned actions or interventions
41. action is employed to solve a problem, means to come between
42. services designed to reduce risk factors
43. reduce risk of illnesses, maintain maximal functioning and promote good health habits
44. most commonly used services
45. designed to restore a person to their highest levels of functioning
46. The process of determining whether the objective/goal was accomplished
47. provide a fundamental framework on which one can base his perception or observation of the total behavior of
man
48. makes man understand how event come into existence
49. one transcends pain and suffering to a higher place
50. it comes naturally for man to suffer those he loves and wishes to protect
51. One that is self-sufficient and totally isolated
52. the interrelatedness and interdependence of mans subsystems
53. man has the capacity to cope with stressful stimuli
54. helps man to transcend the limits of his animal nature
55. One which exchanges matter, energy and information
56. a spiritual virtues which gives Complete trust and confidence or reliance; unquestioning belief in someone o
something
57. Love for fellowman which help him overcome frustrations; do things for others without complain
58. nourishes faith and helps you realize of things not yet seen
59. essential to the emotional and physiologic health and survival of humans
60. expresses mans own wishes, dear and longings; gives him the power of conscious and deliberate action of self
control
61. helps man understand events; allows to look for the truth
62. regular contact with people we trust and feel close to
63. enhances the feeling of safety
64. refers to the need to reach ones potential through development
65. helping others to self-actualize
66. acceptance and approval of people who are close to us
67. physical need inherent in all human beings
68. using few words
69. observes correct timing
70. indicates interest, boredom or fear in verbal communication
71. saying precisely what is meant
72. the way people walk and carry themselves
73. emphasizes spoken language
74. the most expressive part of the body
75. the process the people use to exchange information
76. a face to face interaction between two persons
77. the study of distance between people in their interaction
78. interpersonal interaction between the health care giver and client
79. the distance people prefer in interacting with others
80. state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
81. a state in which someones needs are not sufficiently met
82. the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment
83. Genetic make-up, age, developmental level, race and sex
84. Long term stress affects the body systems and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and
relaxation can actually change body responses to illness.
85. Encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background and past experiences.
86. Housing, sanitation, climate and pollution of air, food and water are aspects of environmental dimension
87. Influenced by a persons economic level, lifestyle, family and culture.
88. The way the person behaves in health and illness
89. Results of impairments by difficulty or inability
90. Reflects abnormalities at the bodys system, organ, or tissue level
91. Acute or Chronic diseases, disorders or injuries
92. Is a classification of the health components of functioning and disability
93. Restriction on involvement of people n all areas of life
94. execution of tasks or actions by an individual
95. type of activity which includes bathing, dressing or feeding
96. activity which deals with complex tasks
97. short duration; rapid and easy recovery
98. last for an extended periods; recovery is difficult

Enumeration:
Why Philippines adopted PHC Give the Goal of PHC
4As of health services Factors affecting verbal communication
6 Barriers of Community Participation Factors affecting non-verbal communication
Six Criteria of appropriate technology Elements of communication
Basic Minimum Needs Stages of illness behavior
Elements of PHC Stages of grieving
Phases of Health Care processes Impact on behavior
Characteristic of an Objective Impact on body image
Types of planning 5 Impacts of illness to client and family
Data collection methods

Therapeutic Communication Techniques

TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Sitting quietly (or walking with the

Accepting pauses or silences that may
client) and waiting attentively until the
Using Silence extend for several seconds or minutes
client is able to put thoughts and feelings
without interjecting any verbal response.
into words.

Can you tell me how it is for you?

Using statements or questions that (a)
encourage the client to verbalize, (b)
General Leads
choose a topic of conversation, and (c)
facilitate continued verbalization.
Perhaps you would like to talk
about.
Would it help to discuss your feelings?
Where would you like to begin?
And then what?

Rate your pain on a scale of 0-10.

Making statements that are specific
Being specific and tentative rather than general, and tentative rather
than absolute.
(specific statement
Are you in pain? (general statement)
You seem unconcerned about your
diabetes? (tentative statement)
You dont care about your diabetes and
you will never will (absolute statement)

Asking broad questions that lead or
invite the client to explore (elaborate,
clarify, describe, compare, or illustrate)
Using open-ended question
thoughts and feelings. Open-ended
question specify only the topic to be
discussed and invite answers that are
longer than one or two words.
Id like to hear more about that.
Tell me about.
How have you been feeling lately?
What brought you to the hospital?
What is you opinion?
You said you were frightened yesterday.
How do you feel now?
 Providing appropriate forms of touch to
reinforce caring feelings. Because tactile
contacts vary considerably among Putting an arm over the clients shoulder.
Using touch individuals, families, and cultures, the Placing your hand over the clients hand.
nurse must be sensitive to the differences
in attitudes and practices of clients and
self.

Client: I couldnt manage to eat any

dinner last night-not even the dessert.
Actively listening for the clients basic
Nurse: You had difficulty eating
message and then repeating those
yesterday.
thoughts and /or feelings in similar
Client: Yes, I was very upset after my
Restating or paraphrasing words. This conveys that the nurse has
family left.
listened and understood the clients basic
Client: I have trouble talking with the
message and also offers clients a clearer
strangers.
idea of what they have said.
Nurse:You find it difficult talking to
people you do not know?

A method of making the clients broad

overall meaning of the message more
understandable. It is used when
paraphrasing is difficult or when the
communication is rambling or garbled.
Seeking Clarification To clarify the message, the nurse can
restate the basic message or confess
confusion and ask client to repeat or
restate the message. Nurses can also
clarify their own message with
statements.
Im puzzled.
Im not sure I understand that
Would you please say that again?
Would you tell me more?
I meant this rather than that.
Im sorry that wasnt very clear.
Let me try o explain another way.

Client: My husband never gives me any

A method similar to clarifying that
Perception checking or
verifies the meaning of specific words
seeking consensual
rather than the overall meaning of a
validation
message.
presents.
Nurse:You mean he has never given you
a present for your birthday or
Christmas?
Client: Well not ever. He does get me
something for my birthday and
Christmas, but he never thinks of giving
me anything at any other time.

Ill stay with you until your daughter

Suggesting ones presence, interest, or
arrives.
wish to understand the client without
We can sit here quietly for awhile; we
making any demands or attaching
Offering self dont need to talk unless you would like
conditions that the client must comply
to.
with to receive the nurses attention.
Ill help you to dress to go home, if you
like.

Providing in a simple and direct manner,
specific factual information the client
may or may not request. When
Giving information
information is not known, the nurse
states this and indicates who has it or
when the nurse will obtain it.
Giving recognition, in a non judgmental
way, of a change in behavior, an effort
the client has made, or a contribution to
Acknowledging
a communication. Acknowledgment may
be with or without understanding, verbal
or non verbal.
Helping the client clarify an event,
Clarifying time or
situation, or happening in relationship to
sequence
time.
Helping the client to differentiate the
Presenting reality
real from the unreal.
Helping the client expand on and
develop a topic of importance. It is
important for the nurse to wait until the
client finishes stating the main concerns
Focusing before attempting to focus. The focus
may be an idea or a feeling; however, the
nurse often emphasizes a feeling to help
the client recognize an emotion
disguised behind words.
Directing ideas, feelings, questions, or
content back to clients to enable them to
Reflecting
explore their own ideas and feelings
about a situation.
Your surgery is schedule for 1 am
tomorrow.
You will feel a puling sensation when
the tube is removed from your
abdomen.
I do not know the answer to that, but I
will find out from Mrs. King, the nurse in
charge.
You trimmed your beard and mustache
and washed your hair.
I noticed you keep squinting your eyes.
Are you having difficulty seeing?
You walk twice as far today with your
walker.
Client:I vomited this morning.
Nurse:Was that after breakfast?
Client:I feel that I have been asleep for
weeks.
Nurse:You had your operation Monday,
and today is Tuesday.
That telephone ring came from the
program on television.
I see shadows from the window
coverings.
Your magazine is here in the drawer .It
has not been stolen.
Client:My wife says she will look after
me, but I dont think she can, what with
the children to take care of, and theyre
always after her about something
clothes, homework, whats for dinner that
night.
Nurse: Sounds like you are worried
about how well she can manage.
Client: What can I do?
Nurse: What do you think would be
helpful?
Client: Do you think I should tell my
husband?
Nurse:You seem unsure about telling
your husband.
 During the past hour we have talked
about
Stating the main points of a discussion to Tomorrow afternoon we may explore
clarify the relevant points discussed. this further.
Summarizing and planning This technique is useful at the end on an In a few days Ill review what you have
interview or to review a health teaching learned about the actions and effects of
session. It often acts as an introduction your insulin.
to future care planning
Tomorrow, I will look at your feeling
journal.

BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

Offering generalized and oversimplified

Two-year-olds are brats.
beliefs about groups of people that are
Women are complainers.
based on experiences too limited to be
Stereotyping Men dont cry.
valid. These responses categorize clients
Most people dont have any pain after
and negate their uniqueness as
this type of surgery.
individuals.

Akin to judgmental responses, agreeing
and disagreeing imply that the client is
either right or wrong and that the nurse is
Agreeing and disagreeing in a position to judge this. These
responses deter clients from thinking
through their position and may cause a
client to become defensive.
Client: I dont think Dr. Broad is a very
good doctor. He doesnt seem interested
in his patients.
Nurse: Dr. Broad is head of the
department of surgery and is an excellent
surgeon.

Client: Those night nurses must sit

Attempting to protect a person or health
care services from negative comments.
Being defensive
These responses prevent the client from
expressing true concerns.
around and talk all night. They didnt
answer my light for over an hour.
Nurse: Ill have you know we literally
run around on nights. Youre not the only
client you know.

Client: I felt nauseated after that red

pill.
Nurse: Surely you dont think I gave
Giving a response that makes clients you the wrong pill?
prove their statement or point of view. Client: I feel as if I am dying.
These responses indicate that the nurse is Nurse: How can you feel that way if
Challenging
failing to consider the clients feelings, your pulse is 60?
making the client feel it necessary to Client: I believe my husband doesnt
defend a position. love me.
Nurse: You cant say that; why, he visits
you every day.
 Asking for information chiefly out of
Client: I was speeding along the street
curiosity rather than with the intent to
and didnt see the stop sign.
assist he client. These responses are
Nurse: Why were you speeding?
Probing considered prying and violate the clients
Client: I didnt ask the doctor when he
privacy. Asking why is often probing
was here.
and places the client in a defensive
Nurse: Why didnt you?
position.

Directing the communication into areas

Client: Im separated from my wife. Do
of self-interest rather than considering
you think I should have sexual relations
the clients concerns is often a self-
with other woman?
Changing topics and protective response to a topic that causes
Nurse: I see that your 36 and that you
subjects anxiety. These responses imply that what
like gardening. This sunshine is good for
the nurse considers important will be
my roses. I have a beautiful rose
discussed and that clients should not
garden.
discuss certain topics.

Using clichs or comforting statements Youll feel better soon.

of advice as a means to reassure the Im sure everything will turn out all
Unwarranted reassurance client. These responses block the fears, right.
feelings, and other thoughts of the client.
Dont worry.

Who do you think you are? (forces

Asking questions that make the client
people to admit their status is only that
admit to something .These responses
of client)
Testing permit the client only limited answers
Do you think I am not busy? (forces
and often meet the nurses need rather
the client to admit that the nurse is really
than the clients.
busy)

Vital Signs

I. Identification
1. Referred to as cardinal signs
2. Increase cellular metabolism especially norepinephrine, epinephrine and thyroxine
3. Prevent heat loss by evaporation
4. Coordinate the heat production and loss processes
5. Indicators of the bodys physiological status and response to physical activity, environmental condition and
emotional stressors
6. Normal temperature of a person in Fahrenheit
7. The difference between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost in the environment
8. Other term for warm-blooded
9. Gooseflesh; trap air near the skin and decrease heat loss
10. Respond to both increase and decrease in temperature
11. Provides input to the temperature-regulating center located in the hypothalamus
12. Maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature
13. Transfer heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact
14. Transfer of heat away from the body by air movement
15. A mechanism that decreases blood flow near surface of the skin
16. Increase tone of skeletal muscle and heat is produced
17. Transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
18. Transfer of heat to another with direct contact
19. The elevation of body temperature; also known as fever
20. Extremely high fever (41.1C)
21. Decrease in body temperature
22. It is a part of bodys defense mechanism which is not a disease but a symptom
23. Alternates at regular intervals between period of fever and periods of normal temperature
24. Body temperature is constantly elevated with fluctuations less that 2C
25. Elevated body temperature that fluctuates more than 2C within 24-hr period but remain above normal
26. Also called recurrent fever; interspersed with normal temperatures that last at least one day
27. It is accurate and convenient when taking body temperature
28. It is reliable but inconvenient
29. The safest and non-invasive
30. The wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle
31. It can be felt by palpation artery
32. It is monitored using stethoscope
33. the irregular rhythm in which pulses are not evenly spaced
34. Amplitude or volume of pulse
35. The pattern of pulsations and interval between them
36. slow pulse rate; <60 bpm
37. high pulse rate; >100 bpm
38. number of pulsations per minute of 60-100 ppm
39. A variation of pulse in which 2 beats occur in rapid succession
40. Decrease amplitude during inspiration, return to full amplitude on expiration
41. The fluctuation in amplitude between beats
42. A non-invasive instrument used to examine pulses that are very extremely weak or faint
43. provides measure of arterial blood oxygenation that is updated with each pulse wave
44. Deficient oxygenation of blood
45. Reported as SPO2; N = 96-100%
46. Complete lack of oxygen
47. Diminished supply of oxygen available to body tissues
48. this center provides control of both the rate and depth of breathing
49. Respiratory mechanism is controlled by the respiratory mechanism which lies bilaterally at ________________
50. Exchange of gases between blood and cells
51. Exchange of gases between the alveoli in the lungs and pulmonary artery
52. Respiration is controlled by _____________
53. Movement of chest upward and downward
54. Involves the contraction and relaxation of diaphragm
55. harsh, high-pitched crowing sound that occurs with upper airway obstruction
56. snoring sound owing to partial obstruction in the upper airway
57. continuous whistling sound produced by air passing through a narrowed airway
58. rattling or bubbling sound that occur owing to secretions in the air passages
59. deep inspirations followed by a prolonged, audible expiration
60. the number of breaths per minute
61. amount/volume of air exchanged with each breath
62. the normal adult tidal volume
63. regularity of inspirations and expirations
64. absence of respirations and is usually transient
65. abnormally fast Respiratory Rate (>24cpm)
66. abnormal fast rate and depth of respiration
67. difficult or labored breathing when the patient is lying down, relieved by moving to sitting or standing
68. difficult or labored breathing
69. reduction in the rate and depth of respiration
70. abnormally slow respiratory rate (<10cpm)
71. the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contractions
72. the elastic recoil or resting pressure that the blood exerts constantly between each contraction
73. the difference between the systolic and diastolic and reflects the stroke volume
74. normal breathing (12-20 cpm)
75. refers to the force the blood exerts against a vessel wall
76. assists in providing the stable arterial pressure required to maintain blood flow
77. stipulated by stretch of the vessel wall from alterations in pressure
78. stimulated by reduced arterial oxygen concentrations, increase in CO2 tension and increase hydrogen ions
79. - 80. Baroreceptors
81-82. Chemoreceptors
83. it assists in providing the stable arterial pressure required to maintain blood flow
84. attempt to exhale forcibly with the glottis, nose and mouth closed
85. associated with prolonged immobility and periods of bed rest
86. series of sounds heard on the stethoscope
87. period just prior to onset of fever
88. fever subsides and temperature lower and move normal
89. the point of highest elevation of fever
90. period from either gradual or sudden rise until maximum temperature is reached

II. Sequencing
a.
__________ diastolic pressure
__________ became crisp, more intense and louder
__________ sound is distinct with abrupt muffling soft blowing
__________ clear, faint rhythmic sound (systolic pressure)
__________ murmur of swishing sound which more blood flows through the artery

Factors that may affect Abnormalities

Body
Temperature
Pulse Rate

Respiratory Rate

Blood Pressure

Infection Control

1. Presence and multiplication of microorganisms in tissues of the host which may not have signs and symptoms
2. Bacterial that are frequently found in everyone in specific parts of the body
3. Infections that have been caught in a hospital and are potentially caused by organisms that are resistant to
antibiotics
4. Presence of bacteria without multiplication and damage to the host tissue
5-7. 3 factors for the use of isolation precaution
8-10. 3 most common means of transmission
11. Person with low or limited systemic resistance to the organisms
12. Absence of microorganism that produce disease
13. Reduce the possibility of glove contamination when gloves are applied
14. this includes measles, varicella and tuberculosis
15. the illness caused by an infection
16. a state of being free from biological contaminants
 17. - 21. 5 Primary transmission routes
22. Has greater potential for glove contamination
23. This includes infection of the skin, gastrointestinal tract and wounds
24. It conveys meningitis, influenza, streptococcal pharyngitis and pneumonia
25. the primary prevention of nosocomial infection
26. - 28. Blood borne pathogens
29. - 31. 3 Major modes of transmission in healthcare system
32. Year isolation practices are altered by the introduction of the cubical system of isolation
33. Tuberculosis hospital begin to shutdown
34. are set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases
35. CDC publishes new isolation guidelines
36. year of body substance isolation
, HOW & WHEN? 37. universal precaution come into being
38. hospitals begin to experience new endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections problems caused by multi-drug
HAND HYGIENE: WHY, HOW & WHEN?
resistant organism
39. Infection disease hospital beginHANDto shut down WHY, HOW & WHEN?
HYGIENE:
HAND HYGIENE: WHY, HOW & WHEN?
40. HICPAC isolation system
NDWASH? 41. amount of pathogen required to cause infection
HOW TO HANDWASH?
42. ability to enter the body and spread in the tissues
43. ability to live
HOW TO
HOW TO HANDWASH?
HANDWASH?
44. degree of damage caused by a microorganism
45. ability of organisms to cause disease
S WHEN VISIBLY SOILED!
46. ability OTHERWISE,
to become resistant to a treatmentUSE HANDRUB
HAND WASH
47.HYGIENE: HANDS
WHY,
alteration of HOW
surface WHEN
& WHEN?
proteins inVISIBLY SOILED!
order to invade a host OTHERWISE, USE HANDRUB
the entire procedure:
48. natural 40-60 seconds
ability of a particular specie to adapt
Duration of the entire procedure:
WASH HANDS
WASH 40-60 seconds
HANDS WHEN VISIBLY
WHEN VISIBLY SOILED!
SOILED! OTHERWISE,
OTHERWISE, USE
USE HANDRU
HANDRU
49. area where a virus can stay
150. Duration
2 Duration
the path by which the infectious organism (agent)of
of the the
leaves
the entire procedure: 40-60
reservoir
entire procedure: 40-60 seconds
seconds
51.0a person or animal lacking effective 1 resistance to a particular pathogenic
2 agent
HOW TO HANDWASH?
52. the path by which an infectious agent enters the susceptible host
00 agent from the reservoir to a11susceptible host
53. mechanism for transfer of an infectious
WHY, HOW & WHEN?
22
54. a virus from mother to child
55. used to remove or reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms on the skin of your hands, wrist and
Apply enough soap to cover Rub hands palm to palm;
Wetforearms
hands with water; Apply enough soap to cover Rub hands palm to palm;
WASH HANDS WHEN VISIBLY
all hand surfaces; SOILED! OTHERWISE, USE HANDRUB
all hand surfaces;

HANDWASH? Wet hands

hands with
4 Duration of the entire procedure:
II. Sequencing Wet
5
with water;
water;
40-60 seconds Apply enough
Apply enough soap
soap to
to cover
cover Rub hands
Rub hands palm
palm to
to palm;
palm;
3 4 TECHNIQUE
A. HANDWASHING
all 5
all hand
hand surfaces;
surfaces;

0
1. 13
5.
3 29.44 55
ANDS WHEN VISIBLY SOILED! OTHERWISE, USE HANDRUB
sum with PalmRight
to palm
palmwith
overfingers interlaced;
left dorsum with Backs
Palmoftofingers to opposing
palm with palms
fingers interlaced; Backs of fingers to opposing palms
on of the entire
ice versa;
procedure: 40-60 seconds
interlaced fingers and vice versa; with fingers interlocked; with fingers interlocked;

Wet hands with water; Rightenough

Right
Apply palm over
palm over lefttodorsum
left
soap dorsum with
cover with Palm
Palm
Rub to palm
to
hands palm with
with
palm fingers interlaced;
to fingers
palm; interlaced; Backs of
Backs of fingers
fingers to
to opposing
opposing palm
palm

72. 61 7 8
interlaced fingers and
and vice
vice versa;
versa; with fingers
fingers interlocked;
interlocked;
82
interlaced
all
6.
fingers
hand surfaces;
10.
with

3 466 577 88

water; Apply enough

Rotational soapoftoleft
rubbing cover
thumb Rub hands rubbing,
Rotational palm to palm;
backwards and Rinse hands with water;
ft thumb Rotational
all handrubbing, backwards and Rinse hands with water;
clasped insurfaces;
right palm and vice versa; forwards with clasped fingers of right
nd vice versa; forwards with clasped fingers of right
hand in left palm and vice versa;
hand inpalm
Right left palm
over and vice versa;
left dorsum with
Rotational rubbing
Rotational
Palm
rubbing of
of left
to palm with fingers
left thumb
thumb
interlaced;
Rotational rubbing,
Rotational
Backs
rubbing, backwards
backwards and
of fingers to opposing
and
palms
Rinse hands
Rinse hands with
with water;
water;
4 5
clasped in right
right palm
palm and
and vice
vice versa;
versa; forwards with
with clasped
clasped fingers
fingers of
of right
right
10 9 1110 11
interlaced fingers and vice versa; clasped in forwards
with fingers interlocked;
hand in
hand in left
left palm
palm and
and vice
vice versa;
versa;

6 799 810
10 11
11
 Right palm over left dorsum with Palm to palm with fingers inter

HOW TO HANDWASH?
interlaced fingers and vice versa;
er;
Rotational
Applypalm
rubbing
enough
of left
soap
thumb
to cover
Rotational
Rubtohands
rubbing, backwards and
palmfingers
to palm;
Rinse hands with water;
Right over left dorsum with Palm palmwith
withclaspedinterlaced; Backs of fingers to opposing palms
7interlaced fingers and vice versa;
clasped in right
all hand palm
surfaces; and vice versa;
8
forwards fingers of right
hand in left palm and vice versa;
with fingers interlocked;
6 7
9 64 710
5 8 11
WASH
3. HANDS WHEN VISIBLY
7. SOILED! OTHERWISE,
11. USE HANDRUB
thumb Rotational
Durationrubbing,of backwards
the entire and procedure:
Rinse hands with 40-60water;
seconds Rotational rubbing of left thumb Rotational rubbing, backwards
vice versa; forwards with clasped fingers of right clasped in right palm and vice versa; forwards with clasped fingers
dorsum with hand in left
Rotational
Palm palmwith
rubbing
to palm and vicethumb
offingers
left versa;
interlaced; Rotational
Backs ofrubbing,
fingers backwards
to opposingandpalms Rinse hands with water; hand in left palm and vice vers
Dryclasped
hands inthoroughly
right palm and vice versa; Use towel
forwards to turn
with clasped off faucet;
fingers of right Your hands are now safe.
d vice versa; with fingers interlocked;
with a single use towel;
010 111
hand in left palm and vice versa;
29 10
9 108 11
4.7 8. 12.

Hand care Please remember

s 4AKECAREOFYOURHANDSBYREGULARLYUSINGAPROTECTIVE Dry hands thoroughly
s $ONOTWEARARTIlCIALlNGERNAILS Use towel to turn off faucet;
Wet
Usehands
towelwith water;
to turn off faucet; Apply
Yourenough
hands aresoapnowto safe.
cover
Rub hands palm to palm;
Dry handsor
thoroughly Use towel surfaces;
to turn off faucet;
Your with are
hands a single
now use towel;
safe.
f left thumb hand cream
Rotational lotion, at
rubbing, least daily.
backwards and allRinse
hand hands with or extenders
water; when in direct
with a single use towel;
m and vice versa; B. DONNING
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PAGE 3 OF Gastrointestinal
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the Hpitaux
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World Health Organization to verify the
7 Control
of the Infection categories of isolation
Programme, for their active participation in developing this material. information contained in this document.
tting on gloves. Isolation Guidelines (1983)Please remember However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either
expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with th
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n, at least daily. or extenders when in direct
PAGE 3Skin/Mucous
OF 7 membrane PAGE 3 OF 7
contact with patients.
Transplacental
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thumb Rotational rubbing, backwards and Rinse hands with water;
WHO acknowledges the Hpitaux Universitaires de Genve (HUG), in particular the members All reasonableWHO
precautions have been
acknowledges thetaken by theUniversitaires
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Genve (HUG), the
in particular the members
an alcohol-based clasped
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right palm and forvice versa;s +EEPNATURALNAILSSHORT
forwards with clasped fingers information
of right contained
of the 5 most
Infection common
Programme,hepatitis
their active participation in developing this material.
hand in left palm and vice versa;
in this document.
of the Infection Control Programme, for their active participation in developing this material.
However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either
RTORINSEYOURHANDS
iversitaires de Genve (HUG), in particular the members All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World
expressed Health Organization
or implied. to verify
The responsibility for thethe
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9
or their active participation in developing this
Physical
RHANDWASHINGLETYOURHANDS
re putting on gloves.
I.
material.
Assessment information
- Pain 10
contained in this document.
11
reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.
However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either
expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the
Multiple Choice. reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

1. A highly complex and a subjective experience that originates from CNS to PNS
a. Edema b. Pain c. Swollen d. Sore
2. Originates from the kidney, stomach, intestines, gall bladder & pancreas
Dry hands thoroughly Use towel to turn off faucet; Your hands are now safe.
with a(HUG),
ux Universitaires de Genve single a. Visceral
use towel;
in particular Pain b. AllCutaneous
the members Pain have beenc.taken
reasonable precautions Referred Pain
by the World Health d. Deep Somatic
Organization to verify the Pain
mme, for their active participation
3. Mr.in developing
Smith felt this material. informationand
something painful contained
achingin thisin
document.
his ankle but the Orthopedist diagnosed him and says it was
However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either
originally from the patellar area or region.
expressed or implied.What source of
The responsibility pain
for the did sheand
interpretation feel?
use of the material lies with the
a. Visceral Pain b. reader. In no eventPain
Cutaneous shall the World Health Organization Pain
c. Referred be liable for
d. damages arising from its
Deep Somatic use.
Pain
Hand 4. careA type of pain where the injury is superficial with sharp burningPlease sensation remember
a. Visceral Pain b. Cutaneous Pain c. Referred Pain d. Deep Somatic Pain
s 4AKECAREOFYOURHANDSBYREGULARLYUSINGAPROTECTIVE s $ONOTWEARARTIlCIALlNGERNAILS
5. A type of pain which comes from the blood vessel, joint, tendons, muscles and bones.
hand cream or lotion, at least daily. or extenders when in direct
a. Visceral Pain b. Cutaneous Pain c. Referred Pain d. Deep Somatic Pain
contact with patients.
s $ONOTROUTINELYWASHHANDSWITHSOAPANDWATERIMMEDIATELY
6. A sensory nerve cell that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to CNS (brain
before andor spinal
after using
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a. Nociceptors
s $ONOTUSEHOTWATERTORINSEYOURHANDS b. Norepinephrine c. Node d. Nerve
7. Known as the Fifth Vital Sign.
s !FTERHANDRUBBINGORHANDWASHINGLETYOURHANDS
a. Edema
dry completely before putting on gloves.
b. Pain c. Swollen d. Sore
8. Pain receptor.
a. Nociceptors b. Norepinephrine c. Node d. Nerve

PAGE 3 OF 7
WHO acknowledges the Hpitaux Universitaires de Genve (HUG), in particular the members
of the Infection Control Programme, for their active participation in developing this material.
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the
information contained in this document.
However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either
expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the
9. Receptor that perceive sensation such as pressure, vibrations, and texture.
a. Mechanoreceptor b. Meissners Corpuscle c. Merkel Corpuscle d. Ruffinis
10. Which is NOT an assessment to pain?
I. Recurrent II. Onset III. Durable IV. Treatment V. Signs and Symptoms
a. I and IV only b. II,III,V c. III only d. III,IV,V e. I and III only
11. Assessment that uses Body landmarks.
a. Location b. Duration c. Relieving Factors d. Treatment
12. How long does it usually last? When do you usually asked this assessment? a.
Location b. Duration c. Relieving Factors d. Treatment
13. What method(s) do you find helpful that lessens the pain?
a. Location b. Duration c. Relieving Factors d. Treatment
14. A process of deliberate and purposeful observation performed in a systematic matter which also uses the
sense of vision
a. Inspection b. Auscultation c. Percussion d. Palpation
15. A palpation technique used to evaluate a floating or movable structure.
a. Deep ballottement b. Light ballottement c. deep palpation d. ballottement
16. A palpation which is used to detect fluid on a body part.
a. light ballotement b. deep ballottement c. deep palpation d. light palpation
17. The depth of this palpation technique is 2 cm and is used to palpate internal organs.
a. Light ballottement b. deep ballottement c. deep palpation d. light palpation
18. The depth of this palpation technique is 1or 1/2 cm and is used to palpate pulse or surface of the skin.
a. Light palpation b. deep palpation c. deep ballottement d. light ballottement
19. A technique of physical examination which uses the touch of fingertips and hands; to detect and evaluate
temperature, pulsations and other movements.
a. Inspection b. Auscultation c. Percussion d. Palpation
20. Best for tactile discrimination as in skin texture, swelling, pulsations and determining presence of lumps.
a. fingers b. fingernails c. fingertips d. NOTA
21. Best used for vibration
a. base of finger or ulnar c. base of support
b. Base of plantar d. NOTA
22. Best used to determine or detect position, shape and consistency of organs and masses
a. grasping action of fingers and thumb
b. dorsal of the hands and fingers
c. base finger or ulnar surface of the hand
d. NOTA
23. A special type of palpation used to palpate kidneys, uterus or adhexa.
a. bimanual palpation c. AOTA
b. manual palpation d. NOTA
24. Uses quick, sharp tapping of the fingers or the hands against bony surfaces to produce sound, detect tenderness
or assess reflexes.
a. Inspection b. percussion c. auscultation d. palpation
25. The striking hand contracts the body wall; used in percussing the infants thorax
a. Direct percussion b. indirect percussion c. direct palpation d. NOTA
26. Involves both hands which the striking hand contracts the stationary hand fixed on the persons shin.
a. Direct percussion b. indirect percussion c. direct palpation d. NOTA
27. An assessment or examination w/c involves listening to various sounds particularly produced by the heart, lungs,
vessels and intestines.
a. Inspection b. Percussion c. palpation d. auscultation
28. A musical and drum-like sound is produced but with a sustained duration; can be applied to stomach and
intestine.
a. Dull b. Tympany c. Hyperresonant d. flat
29. Its purpose is to evaluate any past and present health state of each body system.
a. Techniques in Physical examination c. Inspection
b. Review of systems d. NOTA
30. The following are factors affecting body temperature except
a. Diurnal variation b. Age c. Exercise d. AOTA
31. Ability of a person recognize words of a whispered message from 2ft distance
a. Whispered voice test c. Webers test
b. Watch-tick test d. Rinnes Test
32. Sound that is heard in both ears or localized center of the head
a. Whispered voice test c. Webers test
b. Watch-tick test d. Rinnes Test
33. Able to hear ticking within 1-2 inches
a. Whispered voice test c. Webers test
b. Watch-tick test d. Rinnes Test
34. Increased opacity of the lens
a. Cataracts b. Hyperopia c. Myopia d. Presbyopia
35. Impaired near vision in middle age caused by loss of elasticity of the lens
a. Cataracts b. Hyperopia c. Myopia d. Presbyopia
36. Rays of light enters the eye and focus in front of the retina or Nearsightedness
a. Cataracts b. Hyperopia c. Myopia d. Presbyopia
37. Refractive error in which rays focus behind the retina or farsightedness
a. Cataracts b. Hyperopia c. Myopia d. Presbyopia
38. A condition in which parallel light rays do not focus on a single point in the retina. There is uneven curvature of
the retina.
a. Cataracts b. Hyperopia c. Myopia d. Astigmatism
39. Test used to identify abnormalities in an organ or body cavity and is performed in a dark room, with a bright
light shined at a specific body part to see the structures beneath the skin.
a. Transparent Test b. Transillumination test c. Translucent Test d. NOTA
40. Decreased or absent fremitus:___________;Increased fremitus:____________
a. Pneumonia;Pneumothorax c. Pneumothorax;Pneumonia
b. Pneumonia;Pneumogastric d. Pneumothorax;Pneumogastric

II. Association

A- If A is correct C- if both A and B is correct

B- If B is correct D- if both A and B is false

1. a. flat sound is a dead stop sound, absolute dullness w/ very short duration.
b. best used to muscles, bones and tumor
2. a. dull is a muffled sound with long duration
b. hyper resonant is a booming sound with short duration
3. a. best used to lung muscle
b. resonant is a clear, hollow sounds
4. a. Quality is the length of time the note lingers
b. Pitch is the distinctive difference due to the sounds distinctive overtones
5. a. Pitch is the number of vibrations per second
 b. Amplitude is where the louder the sound; The greater its Pitch
6. a The Diaphragm is best for the high-pitched sounds
b. Bell is best for soft, low-pitched sounds such as extra heart sounds or Murmurs.

III. Identification.

1. An involuntary movement which is habitual spasmodic contraction of muscle

2. An Involuntary rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation
3. Involuntary twitching of muscle
4. Writhing movement of snake-like movement of the limbs
5. Spasmodic jerky contraction of muscle
6. Jerky involuntary movement usually affecting proximal muscle groups
7. Ability to recognize letters and numbers written on the skin
8. Ability to perceive two points applied to the skin
9. Ability to localize touch sensation
10. Ability to determine the perception of tactile touch
11. Awareness of the movement
12. Ability to perceive a vibratory stimulus
13. Ability of being aware of sharp and dull sensation
14. Ability to recognize forms and object
15. Ability to perceive simultaneous touch stimulus on same location but on opposite sides
16. A type of memory which is being able to remember small amount of information or memory from a few
seconds ago
17. Ability to remember from minutes, hours or days ago
18. Ability to remember from events or days years ago
19. Poverty of words
20. Ability to recognize person, place or time
21. A level of consciousness which sleeps most of the time, difficult to arouse and needs a loud shout or vigorous
shake
22. Spontaneously unconscious, responds only to persistent and vigorous shake or pain
23. Not fully alert, drifts off to sleep when not stimulated and looks drowsy
24. Awake or readily aroused, oriented, full aware of external and internal stimuli and responds appropriately
25. Completely Unconscious, no response to pain or external or internal stimuli
26. Loss/weakness of muscles or muscle tone
27. Decrease in the size of muscle tone
28. Involuntary movement in the muscles
29. Fontanel that closes at 12-18 months
30. Fontanel that closes at 2 months
31. An abnormality in the thyroid gland
32. Protrusion of the abnormal viscera through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall
33. High-pitched, loud, harsh sounds created by air moving through the trachea
34. Moderate intensity and moderate pitch blowing sounds created by air moving through small airways
35. Soft-intensely, low-pitched gentle swishing sounds created by air moving through small airways (bronchioles
and alveoli)
36. Lymph nodes that are in front of ears
37. Lymph nodes that are behind the ears
38. Nodes in the angle of mandible on ant. edge of SCM
39. Nodes from few cm behind tip of mandible
40. Medial border of mandible
41. Posterior base of skull
42. Medical Term for pigeon chested
43. Medical term for funnel chested
44. Skins ease in rising
45. It its ability to return to place promptly
46. Inflamed nail bed
47. Spooning abnormality of the nails
48. A retarded growth of the nail matrix due to trauma; Horizontal line, furrow or groove
49. meaning of PERRLA
50. Congenital problem in which the eye appears crossed due to uncoordinated muscle movement

IV. Fill in the table.

Cranial Nerve Sensory/Motor Function

V. ENUMERATION.

1-8. Kinds of Assessment to pain. 29-35. Normal palpable organs in the abdomen
9-11. Pain Management 36-39. Mental Status
12-15. Cutaneous Stimulation 40-41. Motor Systems
16-20. Distraction 42-43. Cerebellar Function
21-24. Sources of Pain 44-46. Abnormal breathing sounds
25-28. Grading in Assessing Edema 47-50. Landmarks in the thorax and lungs

Proper Body Mechanics - Bandaging

I. MCQ
1. The following are values of Proper Body Mechanics, except:
a. Conserve energy c. Provide possible injury
b. Reduce stress and strain d. Produce movement
2.. Valsalva Maneuver
I. Decreases cardiac output and increases peripheral blood pressure
II. Increases intrathoracic pressure
III. Patient hold his breath and air is trapped in the thorax
IV. Decrease the return of venous blood to the right side of the heart
V. Rupture of a cerebral vessel, which could lead to death or CVA

a. V,I,III,IV,II b. III,II,IV,I,V c. II,V,I,IV,III d. I,VI,II,V,III

3. The position of COG is at:

a. Anterior L2 b. Anterior S2 c. Posterior S2 d. Posterior L2
4. All of the following are true that Prolonged trunk flexion which lead to stress and strain to, except:
a. muscles b. articulations c. ligaments d. tendon
5. The stress to Lumbar spine is caused by:
a. Posture or position
b. Sustainment of a flexed lumbar spine
c. Weight or size of the object
d. repetitiveness of the activity and physical condition of the structures
e. all of the above
f. NOTA

II. Identification

1. an injury involving an external of internal break in body tissue. usually involving the skin.
2. A condition occurs most frequently when the person attempts to stand rapidly from a stooped, kneeling,
recumbent or sitting position.
3. This type of shock occur because of heart attack, changes in heart rhythm, injury to the heart and other conditions
that affect the hearts ability to pump.
4. Severe allergic reaction
5. Its objective is to prevent contamination of the wound and control the bleeding
6. Inadequate flow of blood through an organ or a part of the body
7. A medical condition in which there is discontinuity of a bone.
8. A temporary change in behavior or consciousness cased by abnormal electrical activity within one or more group
of brain cells
9. A condition of recurring seizure
10. The nerve cells fire abnormally in one hemisphere of the brain.
11. Begins suddenly and involves a period of altered mental status
12. a recurring seizures without an intervening period of consciousness.
13. A temporary closure of the vocal chords which stimulates the feeling of choking
14. Is the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air the environment into the lungs.
15. Heat-related illness that can occur after strenuous activity in high temperatures.
16. It results from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, usually in combination with dehydration which leads
failure of the bodys temperature control system
17. Is an exaggerated response by the bodys immune system to a substance.
18. This condition results when the body loses more heat that it gains or produces.
19. A widespread, temporary narrowing of the air passages that transport air from the nose and mouth to the lungs.
20. A type of nosebleed that comes from a bleeding blood vessel in the front of nose.
21. A type of nosebleed that comes from a bleeding blood vessel in the back of nose.
22. This type of nosebleed is difficult to control, and the patient can develop shock.
23. It is used to hold a dressing in place over a wounds.
24. It is used for temporary or permanent bandaging of wounds, the immobilizations of fractures and dislocation,
and as a sling for the support of an injured part of the body.
25. They are light, soft, thin and porous and may be easily adjusted and applied.

III. Complete the following

1.____________Contraction of the abdominal muscle at the beginning of the lift increases the intraabdominal
pressure
2.The intraabdominal pressure stimulate a ____________ that may provide additional stability
3-4_________ and __________ are forces that impede the movement of an object
5. The vision display terminal should be directed about ____ degrees horizontally
Milestone in the History of Public Health

1601

Sister of the Dames de Charite organized St. Vincent de Paul

Baltimore Health Department was established

Marine Hospital Services established; later became public health services

1812

1813

Lutheran deaconess provided home visits in Germany

1855

Beginning of Red Cross

Historical Background of Primary Health Care

WHO and UNICEF conducted a joint study

World Health Assembly passed a resolution giving priority to the development

of PHC

WHA and WHO decided that the main target is the attainment of the level of
health that allow or permit them

the first international conference on PHC in Alma Ata, USSR

WHA assembly launched the global strategy to attain health for all

PHC were endorsed for the implementation by the respective regional

community