N.B.G.

Diferencias Finitas en el Dominio del Tiempo (FDTD) utilizando PML (perfect matched layer) en Tres
Dimensiones

Modelo matemtico de la dispersin en el vaco de una onda electromagntica plana en 3D

incluyendo PML (perfect Matched Layer).

Ecuaciones de Maxwell

=


1
= )
(
0

Ecuacin constitutiva

()=0 *r ()E
D ()

Cambio de variables para la normalizacin

= 0
E
0

1
=
D

0 0

Normalizando

= 0

= 0

()=*r ()E
D ()

()=*r ()E
Para el vaco el D ()

()=E
D ()

Desarrollando el rotacional en la ecuacin

N.B.G.

i j k
x
D y
D z
D
i + j + k = c0
t t t x y z
H
[ x Hy Hz ]

x D
D y D z Hz Hy Hz Hx Hy Hx
i+ j+ k=c0 [( - ) i- ( - ) j+ ( - ) k]
t t t y z x z x y

La ecuacin queda convertida en 3 ecuaciones

x
D
= 0 ( )
t

y
D
= -0 ( )
t
z
D
= 0 ( )
t

Desarrollando el rotacional en la ecuacin

i j k
Hx Hy Hz
i + j + k = c0
t t t x y z
[ Ex Ey Ez ]

Hx Hy
i + j + = 0 [( ) ( ) + ( ) ]
t t

La ecuacin queda convertida en 3 ecuaciones

Hx
= 0 ( )
t

Hy
= 0 ( )
t

Hz
= 0 ( )
t

Discretizando
N.B.G.
1 1
+

2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
(+ ,.) (+ ,.) (+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0 [( )( )]
y z

1 1
+

2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
(,+ .) (,+ .) (,+ .+ ) (,+ . ) (+ ,+ .) ( ,+ .)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0 [( )( )]
z x

1 1
+

2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
(,.+ ) (,.+ ) (+ ,.+ ) ( ,.+ ) (,+ .+ ) (,+ . )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0 [( )( )]
x y

1 1 1 1
+ + + +
+11 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
(+ ,.) (+ ,.) (+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0
y z
[( ) ( )]
1 1 1 1
+ + + +
+1 1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
(,+ .) (,+ .) (,+ .+ ) (,+ . ) (+ ,+ .) ( ,+ .)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0
z x
[( ) ( )]
1 1 1 1
+ + + +
+1 1
1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
(,.+ ) (,.+ ) (+ ,.+ ) ( ,.+ ) (,+ .+ ) (, .+ )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0
x y
[( ) ( )]
N.B.G.

Implementando PML (Perfect Matched Layer)

J
Z=
+J

ZA -ZB
=
ZA +Zb

+=1

2ZB
=
ZA +ZB

*
Z= *

* ='+J'' = Penetracin =Perdidas (calor)

*f
Ficticios { *
f

*
ZPML = * =1

x
D
= 0 ( )
t

y
D
= -0 ( )
t
z
D
= 0 ( )
t

Hx
= 0 ( )
t
N.B.G.

Hy
= 0 ( )
t

Hz
= 0 ( )
t

Al dominio de la frecuencia

x *Fx (x)*Fx (y)*Fx (z) = 0 (
JD )

y *Fy (x)*Fy (y)*Fy (z) = -0 ( )
JD


z *Fz (x)*Fz (y)*Fz (z) = 0 ( )
JD

JHx *Fx (x)*Fx (y)*Fx (z) = 0 ( )

JHy *Fy (x)*Fy (y)*Fy (z) = 0 ( )

JHz *Fz (x)*Fz (y)*Fz (z) = 0 ( )

Ficticios

FDx (x)
*Fx (x)=Frx +
J0

FDx (y)
*Fx (y)=Frx +
J0

FDx (z)
*Fx (z)=Frx +
J0

FDy (x)
*Fy (x)=Fry +
J0

FDy (y)
*Fy (y)=Fry +
J0
N.B.G.
FDy (z)
*Fy (z)=Fry +
J0

FDz (x)
*Fz (x)=Frz +
J0

FDz (y)
*Fz (y)=Frz +
J0

FDz (z)
*Fz (z)=Frz +
J0

FHx (x)
*Fx (x)=Frx +
J0

FHx (y)
*Fx (y)=Frx +
J0

FHx (z)
*Fx (z)=Frx +
J0

FHy (x)
*Fy (x)=Fry +
J0

FHy (y)
*Fy (y)=Fry +
J0

FHy (z)
*Fy (z)=Fry +
J0

FHz (x)
*Fz (x)=Frz +
J0

FHy (y)
*Fz (y)=Frz +
J0

FHy (z)
*Fz (z)=Frz +
J0

Frx = Fry = Frz = = = = 1

N.B.G.
FH (x) FD (x) FH (y) FD (y) FH (z) FD (z)
= , = , =
J0 J0 J0 J0 J0 J0

-1
(y) (z) (x)
x (1 + FD ) (1 + FD ) (1 + FD ) = 0 ( )
JD
J0 J0 J0
-1
(x) (z) (y)
y (1 + FD ) (1 + FD ) (1 + FD ) = -0 ( )
JD
J0 J0 J0
-1
FD (x) FD (y) FD (z)
z (1 +
JD ) (1 + ) (1 + ) = 0 ( )
J0 J0 J0
-1
FD (y) FD (z) FD (x)
JHx (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) = 0 ( )
J0 J0 J0
-1
FD (x) FD (z) FD (y)
JHy (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) = 0 ( )
J0 J0 J0
-1
FD (x) FD (y) FD (z)
JHz (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) = 0 ( )
J0 J0 J0

Para simplificacin de clculos x=y=z

tc0 1
=
x 2

Resolviendo la ecuacin sin x y sin y

FD (y)
x (1 +
JD ) = 0 ( )
J0

FD (y)
x + JD
JD x = 0 ( )
J0

Dx (y)
x FD
+D = 0 ( )
0
N.B.G.
1 1 1 1
+ +

2
2
2
+ 2
1
(+ ,.)
2
1
(+ ,.)
2
FD (j) 1
(+ ,.)
2
1
(+ ,.)
2
+
0 2
[ ]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0 [( )( )]
y z

1
+ 1 FD (j)

2
[ + ]
1
(+ ,.)
2
20
1
1 FD (j) 0

= 2
[ ] + [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 ]
1
(+ ,.)
2
20 x (+ ,+ .)
2 2
(+ , .)
2 2
(+ ,.+ )
2 2
(+ ,. )
2 2

1 (j)
[t - FD
2 ] 0 20 -FD (j)
A1 (j)= =
1 (j) 20 +FD (j)
[t + FD
2 ] 0

c0
x 20 tc0 0
A2 (j)= = =
1 (j) (20 +FD (j))x 20 +FD (j)
[t + FD
20 ]

curlh = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1
n+ n-
x
D 2 x
=D 2
A1 (j)+curlh A2 (j)
1 1
(i+ ,j.k) (i+ ,j.k)
2 2

Resolviendo la ecuacin sin x y sin z

FD (z)
x (1 +
JD ) = 0 ( )
J0

FD (z)
x + JD
JD x = 0 ( )
J0

Dx (z)
x FD
+D = 0 ( )
0
N.B.G.
1 1 1 1
+ +

2
2
2
+ 2
1
(+ ,.)
2
1
(+ ,.)
2
FD (k) 1
(+ ,.)
2
1
(+ ,.)
2
+
0 2
[ ]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 0 [( )( )]
y z

1
+ 1 FD (k)

2
[ + ]
1
(+ ,.)
2
20
1
1 FD (k) 0

= 2
[ ] + [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 ]
1
(+ ,.)
2
20 x (+ ,+ .)
2 2
(+ , .)
2 2
(+ ,.+ )
2 2
(+ ,. )
2 2

1 (k)
[t - FD
2 ] 0 20 -FD (k)
B1 (k)= =
1 (k) 20 +FD (k)
[t + FD
2 ] 0

c0
x 20 tc0 0
B2 (k)= = =
1 (k) (20 +FD (k))x 20 +FD (k)
[t + FD ]
20

1 FD (k)
- [ ] 20 -FD (k)
t 20
B1 (k) = = 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
1 FD (k) 20 + FD (k) (+12,+12.) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
[t + 2 ] 2 2 2 2 2 2
0

1 1
n+ n-
x
D 2 x
=D 2
B1 (k)+curlh B2 (k)
1 1
(i+ ,j.k) (i+ ,j.k)
2 2

Resolviendo la ecuacin sin y y sin z

FD (x)
x = 0 (
JD ) (1 + )
J0

FD (x)
x = 0 (
JD ) + 0 ( )
J0

Dx 0 FD (x)
= 0 ( )+ ( )
0 0
N.B.G.
1 1
+

2
2
1 1
(+ ,.) (+ ,.)
2 2

0
= ( 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 )
(+12,+12.) (+ , .)
2 2
(+ ,.+ )
2 2
(+ ,. )
2 2
1
0 FD (i + 2)
+ ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 )
0 (+ ,+ .)
2 2
(+ , .)
2 2
(+ ,.+ )
2 2
(+ ,. )
2 2
=0

1 1
+

2
2
1 1
(+ ,.) (+ ,.)
2 2
0
= ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 )
(+ ,+ .)
2 2
(+ , .)
2 2
(+ ,.+ )
2 2
(+ ,. )
2 2
1
0 FD (i + 2)
+ ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 )
0 (+ ,+ .)
2 2
(+ , .)
2 2
(+ ,.+ )
2 2
(+ ,. )
2 2
=0

1 1
1 c0 FD (i+ 2) t FD (i+ 2)
C1 (i+ ) = =
2 0 x 20

curlh = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1
n+
2
1 n- 1
IDx (i + , j, k) = IDx2 (i + , j, k) + curlh
2 2
1 1
+ 1 1 n+12 1

2
= 2
+ + 1 ( + ) IDx (i + , j, k)
1
(+ ,.)
2
1
(+ ,.)
2
2 2 2

Del mismo modo para la ecuacin se llega que sin x y z

curle = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(+ ,+ .) (+ , .) (+ ,.+ ) (+ ,. )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Hxn+11 =Hxn 1 A1 (j)+curle A2 (j)

(i+ ,j.k) (i+ ,j.k)
2 2

Sin x y y

Hxn+11 =Hxn 1 B1 (k)+curle B2 (k)

(i+ ,j.k) (i+ ,j.k)
2 2

Y sin y y z

1 1 n+12 1
+11 = 1 + + 1 ( + ) IHx (i + , j, k)
(+ ,.)
2
(+ ,.)
2 2 2 2
N.B.G.

Para la ecuacin sin y y z

curlh = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(,+ .+ ) (,+ . ) (+ ,+ .) ( ,+ .)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1
n+ n-
y
D 2 y 2
=D A1 (i)+curlh A2 (i)
1 1
(i,j+ .k) (i,j+ .k)
2 2

Sin x y y
1 1
n+ n-
y
D 2 y 2
=D B1 (k)+curlh B2 (k)
1 1
(i,j+ .k) (i,j+ .k)
2 2

Y sin x y z
1 1
+ 1 1 n+12 1

2
= 2
+ + 1 ( + ) I (i, j + , k)
1
(,+ .)
2
1
(,+ .)
2
2 2 Dx 2

Para la ecuacin sin y y z

curlh = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(+ ,.+ ) ( ,.+ ) (,+ .+ ) (, .+ )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1
n+ n-
z
D 2 z
=D 2
A1 (i)+curlh A2 (i)
1 1
(i,j.k+ ) (i,j.k+ )
2 2

Sin x y z
1 1
n+ n-
z
D 2 z
=D 2
B1 (j)+curlh B2 (j)
1 1
(i,j.k+ ) (i,j.k+ )
2 2

Y sin x y z
1 1
+ 1 1 n+12 1

2
= 2
+ + 1 ( + ) IDx (i, j, k + )
1
(,.+ )
2
1
(,.+ )
2
2 2 2

Para la ecuacin sin y y z

curle = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(,+ .+ ) (,+ . ) (+ ,+ .) ( ,+ .)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Hyn+1 1 =Hyn 1 A1 (i)+curle A2 (i)

(i,j+ .k) (i,j+ .k)
2 2

Sin x y y

Hyn+1 1 =Hyn 1 B1 (k)+curle B2 (k)

(i,j+ .k) (i,j+ .k)
2 2
N.B.G.

Y sin x y z

1 1 n+12 1
+1 1 = 1 + + 1 ( + ) IHx (i, j + , k)
(,+ .)
2
(,+ .)
2 2 2 2

Para la ecuacin sin y y z

curle = 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1
(+ ,.+ ) ( ,.+ ) (,+ .+ ) (, .+ )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Hzn+1 1 =Hzn 1 A1 (i)+curle A2 (i)

(i,j.k+ ) (i,j.k+ )
2 2

Sin x y z

Hyn+1 1 =Hyn 1 B1 (j)+curle B2 (j)

(i,j.k+ ) (i,j.k+ )
2 2

Y sin x y z

1 1 n+12 1
+1 1 = 1 + + 1 ( + ) IHx (i, j, k + )
(,.+ )
2
(,.+ )
2 2 2 2

1 1 1
+ 2 ()2 () 1 n+ 1

2
= 2
1 ()1 () + ( + 1 ( + )) IDx 2 (i + , j, k)
1
(+ ,.)
2
1
(+ ,.)
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
+ 2 ()2 () 1 n+ 1

2
= 2
1 ()1 () + ( + 1 ( + )) IDy 2 (i, j + , k)
1
(,+ .)
2
1
(,+ .)
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
+ 2 ()2 () 1 n+ 1

2
= 2
1 ()1 () + ( + 1 ( + )) IDz 2 (i, j, k + )
1
(,.+ )
2
1
(,.+ )
2
2 2 2
1
2 ()2 () 1 n+ 1
+11
= 1 1 ()1 () + ( + 1 ( + )) IHx 2 (i + , j, k)
(+ ,.)
2
(+ ,.)
2 2 2 2
1
1 ()1 () 1 n+ 1
+1 1 = 1 1 ()1 () + ( + 1 ( + )) I Hy
2
(i, j + , k)
(,+ .)
2
(,+ .)
2 2 2 2
1
1 ()1 () 1 n+ 1
+1 1 = 1 1
()1 () + ( + 1 ( + )) IHz 2 (i, j, k + )
(,.+ )
2
(,.+ )
2 2 2 2