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DrSuvarnaNalapatTrust2017June16,2017
Ananthropomorphicmalefigureisseensittingcrossleggedinfrontofatree,hisarmsstretchedout
andkeptonhiskneesandprobablyinayogicposture.ThepostureiscalledGorakshanpauseandthe
hornlikeheaddressandavaguecowlikefigure(madebythehindpartofheaddressandthetreebehind)
showsthisindirectmeaning.Thetreehastwobranchesdown(oneofthemshowingaupward
branching)andthreeleavesturnedupwards.Thereisalampinfrontofhimwithtwowickers.Thetree
andthelampareindicativeofasacredtempleoraplaceofworshiporLearningcenter.Thereisa
roundedmarkonthechestofthefigure,possiblyaSreevalsaasinthecaseofVishnu.Theheaddressis
peculiar. Ifwelookatitclosely,thefrontpartis
mouldedontotheshapeofapeacockfeather,butifwetakethefrontandthebackparttogetherit
lookslikehornsofaBull.Thebacklineofthebackpartoftheheaddressandthetreelikethingbehind,if
welookcloselyseemslikethefigureofacow.Theanthropomorphicfiguresportsasmallbeard,andis
lookingtowardstheInscriptionandthelamponhisrightside. Thelampisa
traditionaloneandeventheoilwithinthetoppartisshowncarefullyandtheflamesareprominent.
ThuswecanassumethatthemaninYogicpostureissittingunderneathatree,andismeditatingwitha
sacredlampinfront,probablyinatemplepremises.Whatdoestheinscriptionsay?
Itisinterestingtonotethattheinscriptionisonaplateandnotonaseal.Thereare6linesinthe
Inscription.Thefirstlinewith9letters,secondwith11letters,thirdwith6andfourthwith7lettersand
fifthwith4letters.Thesixthlineisthelamp.This37letteredinscriptiononaplateisprobablythe
longesttextavailablefromHarappansites,longerthantheonefromDolavirasite.
Line1:
LETTER1.Swasthisign,OmkaraBrahma.PronouncedwiththefirstsyllableofBrahmanasBA
LETETR2:Ee,Ei,TemplewherebothShivaandSakthi(acouple)arelodged.(Theroofandtwolines).This
precededbyacirclewhichisbisectedexactlyintohalfshowstheBrahmapurawhereSivasakthidwell
(Brahma,Prakrithi)asArdhanareeswara.TherooflikestructureisthesignofAakasaalso.
Letter3showstwoslightlycurvedlinesreadasr,r..inBrahmi.Thisalsomaydenotethenumber2.And
Rishabha(Nandi)
Letter4and5ku,kkai.ThecaveorGuha.The4thonealsodenotesahornedbull.Nandiwasthenameof
thelearnedscholarsofthegreatMooshakaVallabhaUniversities.The5thdenotesaRishiwholivesin
thecave.
Letter6isavessellikestructurewithastandandtwosproutlikeprojections.ApossibleKamandaluof
Rishi.Thefirstletterofwhichagainiskk.
Letter7istheKuntram.ThisletterisreadasMoosakaorthesevenhills(sapthasaila,Ezhumalai).The
sapthamathruka,saptharshiandsapthaswaraarealsohiddeninitsiconography.
Letter8isAinthorPancha(5)
Letter9isKavaraorKavariwhichistheomegasignofIndusvalleypeopleaccordingtoAiravatham
Mahadevan.Whenwecombinethe7,8and9letterswereadasthe5branches(Kavara)oftheMushaka
dynasty.Theomegasignalsodenotesthethrimurthy,thrisakthi,thrisoolasignandalsothe
Thrikalinga(the3maincapitals)oftheancientIndians.AccordingtoMahadevanthisomegasignis
alwaysthefirstsignandthecircleanditsvariantsappearasthelastsignofasentence.Ifweacceptthis
wehavetoreadthesentencefromthis9thsignbackwardsinkharoshtistylealso.SoIhavetriedtoread
itbothinBrahmi(righttoleft)andKharoshti(lefttoright)
Brahmistyle:BairrarkkukkaikkuntramEinthinai(Thecaves,sevenhillsandfivelandsorbranchesof
BhairavarandSakthi.
Kharoshtistyle:Thrikalinga(kalinga)ofFivebranchesofMushaka(Ezhumala)Kukai(cave)kurraiba(kurava)
Sri(swasthi)
Secondlinefirstletter:TheDandoftheYoginandtheIndradwajaoftheKing.ThePhaniorNaagatribes
.ThecentralsignofKa(inBrahmi)underaslantedroofalsomeansthekakapuraorKapura.Prajapathi
kshethra.
Thesecondletteristheomegasignagain.IfweconsiderMahadevansopinionthisshouldnotbethe
secondletterbutthefirstletter.KavaraorKavariwhichistheomegasignofIndusvalleypeople
accordingtoAiravathamMahadevan..Theomegasignalsodenotesthethrimurthy,thrisakthi,thrisoola
signandalsotheThrikalinga(the3maincapitals)oftheancientIndians.
Thirdlettertaorda
Thirdletterpa
FourthletterTha(Om)
Fifthlettereitherraorafullstopafterthefourthsign(takingitasthelastletterasMahadevansays)
Sixthletterra
SeventhletterU
EighthletterNa
9thlettervaorU
10,11,12togetherttor.
Kakaapurakavara(thrikalinga)tapaentha(tha)rariUnavattor.(ThethrikalingaofKakapuramwherethe
Naga(Phani)katapatharortravelersandvanavasiandthosewhohavenoUnavu(food)arefedbythe
yogicDandandIndradwajamoftheruler.
Danda,kavara,ta,pa,tha,ra,Unavattor.ThepaathaorwaytoDakkshinapathawheretravelers,scholars
andpoorpeoplecantakerestandhavefoodistheKakapuraorKapura.
Thirdline:FirstlettermeenwhichisacommonrepetitivesignofHarappansmeaningfishandstar.The
signoftheKamadevaandofPandyakingonflags.
SecondsignwithaninvertedanduprightroofshowsaupperandlowerhousedenotingaNagara.The
meenavanagaraorMinnagara.
ThirdsignU,avesselorjarlikepictograph.
FourthsignGraorGri
FifthsignshowsaroofforatempleoraAkaasasignwithaKasigninBrahmiwithinit.Thisshows
PattanaoftheKaorBrahma.PuriofKa(Prajapathi)
SixthonedenotesaKannuoreyeoradoor(dwara)readasDwaraka,anobservationpointorgateto
thesaidpatthana.InUrukstylethissignisaplacenamesign.
ThereforethislinereadsMinnagaraUgrapattanakanorDwarakapuraofKa(Brahman).TheDwaraapurior
ObservationpointofUgrapattana,aMinnagara(AcityofFishermenfolkwhoarewellversedinthe
scienceofStarsforlocatingtimeanddirectionsforseagoing)
Fourthline:TheNandorcrabsignofIVCisthefirstletter.Amarkinitsmiddleshowsthatitisaplace
ofentertainment.Nandapuriwherepeoplerejoice.Thissignifkeptuprightmeans8orMaayaand
Maayon.ThetempleofVishnuasMaayonofDravida.NandorcrabisaKarkitakainSanskrit.
SecondletterisinterestinginthatitshowsaParidhi(wall)aroundandinsideisamathematicalsign
showingthepaiforparidhi.Ifwetakethetwolinesasrrwecanreadthefirstandsecondletter
togetherasthewalledcityorpuraofNandaRai.Thispictographwhichmeanstheemperoroftwo
Janapada9NorthandSouth)andaGolapathi(Koladrinatha)whorulesovertheglobewithparidhiof
mathematicalPaiisseeninainscriptioninatempleinKeralaalso.
Thirdletterthkasa.Wehavetoreadthesecondletterasputogetputhkasa(Thatofthesonof
Nandarai).ButPuthkasaisagroupofpeopletowhichtheChalukyasandthegreatSilpiracesofIndia
belongedto.WhetherwehavetoreaditasthecityofNandaraisson(pukka)orasthePuthkasa
Nandaraiscityistobeponderedover.
Fourthletterandfifthletteraretwolinesofdissimilarsizewhichcanbereadasrr.
Fifthletterposesaproblem.IhavereaditasasignforprolongingthepronounciationasaDheerghaaa
6thletterispa.The5thand6ththusformthewordAapawhichmeanswaters.Thenthesentencecould
meanthePulkasacityofNandaraissonwithinthewaters(intheocean).InArthasasthraofKoutilya
Nandaisanamegiventothechiefofavillage.HeisaVaisyachiefwhoprotectscattlr(goraksha)
agricultureandcontrolstradeandcommerce.SeveraNandascomeunderaMahananda.Theybelongto
therichKuberaNagavansaandYakshavansa.TheyincludethefiveKarugana(Oviyar,Silpi,Artists
,architectsetc).ThereforePulkasaandChalukyasalsobelongtothisVansa.
6thlineshowstheIndussignwhichdenotestheUpperHouseorMelakam.Thethirdletteroffirstlineis
hererepeated(the2curvedlines)ReadingthusMelakattruraa
Thirdlettermuth
FourthletterrayatogethermakesMutharaya
ThusthelastlinereadsMelakatruRaayaMutharaya(TheruleroftheupperhouseisMutharaya)
AndnaturallytheanthropomorphicfigureisthisMutharayaorMahanavikawhocontrolsalltheport
citiesoftheMushakadynasty.
TheoverallmessagewegetisthefiveimportantbranchesofMushakadynastyorEzhumalaiyanand
theirmaincities.ThenamesofthesecitiesareBrahmapura,Kakapura,MinnagaraUgrapattana,Dwaraka
ofNandaRaiPulkasa,andthesovereignMelakamofRaayaMutharaya.(Thefirstlettersofthe5lines
denotetheseplacesigns.Whicharethesefiveplaces?
SindseenbyMcMardo(OxfordUtyPress):AccordingtoMcMardotheSindhomanaofAlexanders
timesisthepresentSind.DuringAlexandertimes,GandharawasruledbythenephewofPooru,a
powerfulMooshakaking(MooshakavansawasthestrongestduringAlexandertimesandthiswasthe
lineageofYadavaKarthaveeryaofKeralaandMahishmathi).IndiawasfunctioningasasingleJanapada
ofseveralconfederacieswhichcooperatedwitheachotherinalldefenceandtradeactivities.Sindhad
anupperhousecalledSikharamandalowerhousecalledLaatadesa(presentLothalareaincluding)at
thattime.FromBhakkarinNorthtoHalakhandainsouthextendedSikhara.Laatawasaplacenearto
theseaonthefaceofSindhuriver.TheporttherewascalledLaribantherorsimplycalledBantharor
panthermeaningaport.(InKeralaalsoPanthalayani,PantharandVantheriVpronouncedasPinSindh
areportcitiesofMushakakings)LaribantherisacommonnameforanyportinLatadesa.Theoldest
ParganainThattaistheSikharaoftheDruhues(sonsofYayathi)calledtheDrukortheDurg.
AmongthecitiesAlorwastheoldestonariverbank.NearitistheBrahmanabadorBrahmapuraon
banksofPuranriver.ItwasalsocalledDivalorDipal(Devalaya)Kankara(Nethralaya).Divalwasaport
nearocean.Devalaorthefamoustemplewiththelighthousewasunderthedirectcontrolofthe
emperoranduntiltheriseofIslamdynastiesArabscouldreachonlyuptothisport.
MinnagaraorMeenanagarawasunderthechiefoftheAgrigothra.ThisisalsocalledLohapathaalkeram
(neartheriverLohanna)andistheoldcityoftheSilpis.ThisexistedevenbeforeAlexander.Thattawas
thethattakaoffishermenfolk(Meenava).Itwasalsothecityofscholarsandpowerfulstatesmenwho
camefromdifferentportcitiesofIndia..ThispartwasconqueredbyAlexander.
SehwanistheSahyawhereSibhipeoplelived.BeyondLohrinagarlivedtheSikharpeople.AroundAlore
werebeautifulbuildingssurroundedbygardenscalledBhairalutthotta.Thecitywasastrategicpoint
alwaysguardedbytheDravidaputhraRajyaontheeastandwestofSindhfromtheinvasionsfromNorth
.AboutDeepalorBrahmanabadissaid:CommerceofSindandPersiaandArabiawasrichand
exclusiveandDibaltheseaportofInduswastheemporiumofgoods,bothofIndianandArabian,and
conferredadegreeofwealthandsplendoronthecountryandtheGovernmentthathasneversince
beenequaled.AccordingtoMcMrdowtheseatradewasentirelyinthehandsofBhattiandLohanna
(Hindutribes)evenduringthetimesofMcMardo.Thisisbecausethescienceof time,windsand
monsoonandofstargazingwereknownonlytothem.ThemoderncityofKarachiwasknownas
RaamBhaag(ThegardenofRama)andsituatedonasmallpeakattheheadofthebay,itwashavinga
traderelationwithBombay.MalabarandArabia.ThisareawasunderthecontroloftheKingofMakran
(TheKekayaKingAswapathy)ofRamayana.McMardoobservesthatalltheriverbanksofIndiaarehighly
populatedbutthebanksofSindhuriverisnotso.TheBeluchisareverysimilartothepeopleofthe
westerncoastofIndia.Yetheobservesthatthepeopleonwesterncoastareparticularaboutthe
cleanlinessofthebodyandwhitenessofthedresswhilepeopleofSindarenothavingthishabit..The
oldesttribesofBaluchiarewarriorclasskshthriya,andarehighlycompetitiveandproud.Thereisavein
ofhumouramongthelesseducatedamongthem.TheBaluchisdonotgeteasilyangeredbutonce
angeredtheydontgiveforgiveness.EvenduringMcMardostimestheoldmatrilinearcustomsof
KekayaDravidatribesarefollowedbyBaluchiswhogiveahonourablestatustowomen.Theybelonged
totheancientwanderingtribesofcattlerererswhowanderedintheVandsoftheborderlandsofIndia.
(Vandisagrazinggroundintheborderland)Theyeatbutter,milkandRotiandBajra.Onlyonamain
Festivalday(singleday)theyeatmeat.EventhewomenoftheconvertedMuslimfamiliescontinueto
wearthetraditionaldressoftheoldHinduwomen.BrahmansandBhaattiyasdonoteatfish.Bhattiya
andtheirGurusPokkarnna,Lohanna(craftsmen)andtheirGuruSarsath(saraswathabrahmana)werethe
originalinhabitantsofSindaccordingtoMcMrdo.BhattiyaandLohannahavesacredthread.Sarsath
LohannaseatmeatandfishanddrinkatypeofliquorandareworshippersofMotherGoddess
(Saktheya).BothoftheGurushaveacomplextypeofletterwritingwhichissimilartothewritingsof
Malabar.Baluchiisalanguagewithoutascript.SindhiisthedialectofancientSindhandtheoldHindu
tribes.JarejasofKatchalsospeakthis.Jareja,Bhattiya,LohannaandSindhitribesbroughttheirAabheera
,Chera(Charaormoving.CheraisadynastyinKerala.)languageswhentheymovedtoSindandlaterthis
developedintoSindhi.
TheLohannaDheria(thenewBrahmanavawhichisthecenterofBrahmanabadorBrahmapatthana)is
alsonearthePuraanaRiver.(Old)OnitseasterntributaryistheNarayanasarovara(alake)whichis
mentionedbyVyasaandalsobyGreekhistorianArrian.(ThepresentNarayanaSirovarisasmall
tank)TheoldKutchcitynearitwithfortificationwascalledKoteeswaram(withacroresivalinga)Sindhu
riveriscalledMehran(Mahanadi)andtheplacenearitwascalledMahagriha(Mehrgarh)bythelocal
people.ItisfromthiswordtheMakrancoastofforeignersoriginated.SehwanorSahyaisolderthan
AlorandBrahmanabadandhadfortifiedcitiesandindependentkingswhoweresuccessorsofIndian
SaindhavakingsevenduringAkbarstimes.Siwi(Sibi)andSehwan(sahyan)arethesameaccordingtoDr
Vincent.SogdiwasaHarappancity.MinnagaraorAgrinagaraisruledbyachiefcalledAgri.Thecityof
Dagdhapurawhereburning(athightemperature)takesplacewasbuiltbyLohannasandAgris(those
whoworshipAgni).ThiscityexistedduringMohenjoDaroHarappaperiod.Sogdiswerelivingtherefrom
timeimmemorial.TheyaredescendentsofSudasa(Mithrasaha)ofSolardynastywhobecame
Kanmashapada.TheywereoutcastesofIndiantribesbecausetheirforefatheratemeatandbecamea
Rakshasa.McMardowritesaboutSogditribes:TheywereancientchieftainsofSindandAmarkotand
sovereignsofamuchmoreextensivecountryNorthwardevenAloritself,ThecapitaltoNorthofAlor
,betweenthatpalaceandMultan..Louhityariver,thesilpiwhodoesmetalminingandmetalworkare
mentionedinRamayana.MehrgarhandHarappanArcheologybearwitnesstoallthese.
AccordingtoArrianMushakanos,thestrongestandrichestpeopleofIndiaduringAlexanderstime(Of
whichPoruswasamember)hadtieswithSibis.AiniAkbarisaysfromSehwantoSewithereisachainof
mountains.DrVincentsaystheyarethesamepeople.In6thcenturyfromthewestofBakkirto
GandharawasagothraofSibis.TheircapitalwascalledKaakkarajye(thelandofKakka)SibiorSewiis
fromSivalinga,sincethereareamillionroundovalsivalingasworshippedbythem.(McMardo).Arrian
saysSilowasagothrawhoworshippedstone(sila)andtheyarethesiwi.Theyusedtomakeasignofa
Gadaonthebackofahornedbullandworshipitintemples.DuringMcMardostimesthecustomstill
existedbutthemarkmadewasnotaGada(Vishnusign)butaThrisula(aSaivitesign)TheEmperorsofthe
SibiandSahwan(Sahya)werecalledMoushikkanusandOxicanusbyGreeksaccordingtoDrVincent.
OukshkasahyaandMoushakasahya(peopleoftheChakshushiorOxusbanksandofMahishmathiand
Kerala)werethesamevansa.(UkshameansaOxandChakshushimeanstheNethraorNethravathi.
MahishaandMoushakameansbuffaloandratrespectively)
Whenwelookatthelocationfromwherethiswasobtained,itis10KMawayfromtheAnupgarhtown
ofRajasthan.Hereexistedaculturefrom4000BCEwhichlastedtill2000BCE.ThatisitspansfromEarly
HarappantoMatureHarappanphasesofHarappanculture.Anoopadeshaismentionedbothin
RamayanaandMahabharatha.Anupameansthelowlyingplacenearertosea.InMahabharatha,itis
saidthatfromAnupadesaonwardsstartedtheterritoryofKrishna.
AfterAlexanderfor800yearsincontinuationruledbranchesofseveralkingswithadistinctCapital.They
areaccordingtoMcMardo:
NorthofBhrugukacha(Kutch)wasaVanni(Banni)orRannofKutch.Thiswastelandextendsuptothe
westernLakpathBandhar.FromJulytoOctoberthisplaeisunderwaterconvertingKutchintoaisland.
OnceuponatimethiswasjoinedbyPuran(oldSindhu)HaggraandNargalliriverwaters.Allthesewater
comestofilltheVanniandthetraditionalpaddycultivationwasdoneinthesewastelands.Rannor
RunnisawordderivedfromErunanditmeansthewastelandwithwaterloggingwhereitisdifficultto
reach.(ThiswasalsothecasewithVanneriNad.TheAgriculturalfieldsofKeralawaslocatedinthis
VanniErri).ThedefensiveforcesIandaroundDwarakaandBetDwarakawerecalledtheSagham(later
ondescribedasPiratesbyforeignhistoriansWhatweproudlycalltheSanghamperiodiscalledPiracy
period)ReachingNarayanaSarovara,travelersandmerchantshavetogetaMudrafromthekings
officials(Hotstamp)forenteringthecity.MDAnnewillehasquotedfromtheNubiangeographers,
indicatingtheMehranasSindhuriverandMehrgarhastheCapitalofthis.HespeaksofMansuraa
encircledcity.MansuraisalsoafamousbookofartandarchitectureinSouthIndiaandissaidtobea
bookbyMaya,thenephewandsuccessorofViswakarma.Mehrgarhperiod1isfrom7000BCEto5800
BCEandduringRamayanaperiodthesepartswereunderAswapathy,thekekayaking,Bharathas
grandfather.ThejourneyfromKekayatoAyodhyashowsaBharundaforest,ThecityofVeeramatsya
(bravefishes)cityofSilpis(Siladoni)andLouhityariverwherethepeopleworkonminerasandionsof
metals,andaplacewhereaKalpatreeisworshipped(Kalpatharu)whicharerepresentedinthisplate
withIndus/Harappaninscriptionstoo. OnewonderswhethertheKakanameofKakatheeyaandofthe
KakkarajeoftheSibikatribeswerederivedfromKekaya,theoldestnameoftheseparts.Especiallysince
theMutharayaandKakatheeyaarethesametribes.
KakatheeyaandMutharaya:WarangalwascalledOrugallu(Ekasilaorsinglestone)inancienttimes.
KakatheeyadynastywhoruledherehadkingswithsurnameslikeVenna,Gundyanakaakatheeyaballava,
ErriyalivinginKuravadinearOrugappu,Betta,Prola,Durga,Theva,etc.Theywerehavingmatrimonial
allianceswithEastChalukya.Venni(VannilasseriorVanneri)Gundiana(GondandGondwanaland)Erriya
(Errukula)Betta(AustaloBetta),Theva(ThalappallikingsandMutharayas)Prola(PaaraEliorVanEliBig
Mooshaka)arerecognizableinthesenames.Theywereafishermenfolkwholivedneartheseaand
worshippedmotherGoddessKaakathiAmman.TheGoddessofKuravatribes.(Kakkaalakurava,Kuru
vansa)ErukulaKaakatheeyaaretheDravidaBheelGothraandisabranchoftheBettaandthe
Yadava.TheyarefirstmentionedIMahabharatha.TheErukulaEkalavya,aVedaprincewasborninthe
familyofSreeKrishnasfatherVasudeva,saysVyasabharatha.TheBheelKolitribeshadrelationswith
Mudirajs(Warriors)ofRashtrakutaalso.EarliestoccupationswereHunting(Betta)andfishing
(Meenaba).MudRajwereapeoplewhocamefromthewesternseacoastofDevagiriandMaharashtra
.SynonymsofErukulaareKurava,Korama,Yadukula,Korvai,kaikathi,koracha,korkkaetc.Beforethe
KaikkadiDravidaVansareachedthecentralIndia,theywereoccupyingtheTamilMannarkudi,
Kerala(MushakarajaMutharaya)VanneriandinKarnataka(MudBidre).AndhraRayalaseemawasruled
byanErukulaMuduRaju.HeismentionedastheCholakingInseveralInscriptions.ItisfromMutharaya
theKalachuriandKalabrabranchesoriginated.WhenKarthaveeryawaskilled,GuruDathathreya
protectedtheyoungqueenwhowaspregnantandshefolloedtheGurufromtheNarmadabankstothe
banksofBharathappuzha(OnSahya)andherbrother(TheuncleofthetobebornRamaGhata
Mooshaka)alsofollowedher.HewasaMahanavika(Sanskrit)aMutharaya(Tamil).StilltheKeralakings
considertheuncleasthesupremeprotectoroftheRoyallineage,theEmperor.Themostfamous
MudirajaKaakatheeya,Erukula,Koli,Yadavapeopleweknoware,
1. SriKrishnan
2. Ekalavyan
3. Bhakthasabari
4. Hanuman
5. KoliValmiki(Adikavi)
6. MotherofGouthamaBudha
7. WifeofGouthamaBudha
8. ChandraGupthaMourya
9. EmperorAsoka
10. VeeraPandyaKattabomman.