Common Laboratory Apparatus

Safety Glasses Are Forms Of Protective Eyewear that usually enclose or protect the
area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking
the eyes. They are used in chemistry laboratories and in woodworking.

Beakers A beaker is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids
commonly used in many laboratories. Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat
bottom.[1] Most also have a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring as shown in the picture.
Beakers are available in a wide range of sizes, from one millilitre up to several litres.

Erlenmeyer flasks, AKA conical flasks - An Erlenmeyer flask, also known as

a conical flask (BrE)[1] or titration flask, is a type of laboratory flask which features a flat
bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck. It is named after the German chemist Emil
Erlenmeyer (18251909), who created it in 1860

Florence flasks, AKA boiling flasks - Florence flask

of borosilicate glass for heat and chemical resistance. Traditional Florence flasks typically do
not have a ground glass joint on their rather longer necks.

Test tubes, tongs, and racks - plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the
bottom. Test tubes are usually placed in special-purpose racks. Test tubes for general
chemical work.
 Watch glasses - A watch glass is a circular concave piece of glass used in chemistry as a
surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while being weighed, for heating a small
amount of substance and as a cover for a beaker. The latter use is generally applied to
prevent dust or other particles entering the beaker; the watch glass does not completely
seal the beaker, so gas exchanges still occur.

Crucibles - is a container that can withstand very high temperatures and is used for
metal, glass, and pigment production as well as a number of modern laboratory processes.
While crucibles historically were usually made from clay,[1]they can be made from any
material that withstands temperatures high enough to melt or otherwise alter its contents.

Funnels - is a pipe with a wide (often conical) mouth and a narrow stem. It is used to
channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening. Without a funnel,
spillage may occur.
Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, aluminium, glass, or plastic. The material used in its
construction should be sturdy enough to withstand the weight of the substance being transferred,
and it should not react with the substance. For this reason, stainless steel or glass are useful in
transferring diesel, while plastic funnels are useful in the kitchen.
 Graduated cylinders - is a common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the
volume of a liquid. It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated
cylinder represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.

Volumetric flasks - is a piece of laboratory glassware, a type of laboratory flask,

calibrated to contain a precise volume at a particular temperature. Volumetric flasks are
used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These flasks are usually
pear-shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of glass or plastic. The flask's mouth is either
furnished with a plastic snap/screw cap or fitted with a joint to accommodate a PTFE or
glass stopper. The neck of the volumetric flasks is elongated and narrow with an etched
ring graduation marking. The marking indicates the volume of liquid contained when filled
up to that point. The marking is typically calibrated "to contain" (marked "TC" or "IN") at
20 C and indicated correspondingly on a label. The flask's label also indicates
the nominal volume, tolerance, precision class, relevant manufacturing standard and the
manufacturers logo. The volumetric flasks are of various sizes, containing from 1 to 20 000
mL of liquid.

Droppers - to both glass, as well as plastic rods. They are very commonly
used fordroppers as small sized rubber bulbs help control the amount of drops more
precisely.

 Pipettes - s a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and medicine to
transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several
designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single
piece glass pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes. Many pipette types
work by creating a partial vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and selectively
releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid. Measurement accuracy varies greatly
depending on the style.

Burets - is a laboratory equipment used in analytical chemistry for the dispensing of

variable, measured amounts of a chemical solution. A volumetric burette delivers measured
volumes of liquid. Piston burettes are similar to syringes, but with precision bore and
plunger.

Ring stands, rings, and clamps - Ring stands are actually one of the most versatile pieces
of lab equipment. ... The 3" or 4" ring support will hold beakers or crucibles over a burner
and the clampshold anything from a burette tube to thermometer.

Tongs and forceps - Forceps (plural forceps or forcipes) are a handheld, hinged instrument used
for grasping and holding objects. Forceps are used when fingers are too large to grasp small
objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a
task. The term 'forceps' is used almost exclusively within the medical field. Outside medicine,
people usually refer to forceps as tweezers, tongs, pliers, clips or clamps.
In English 'forceps' can be used as both the singular and plural form of the word (example: "I
need a forceps"); in Latin it is a singular. Also, it is not referred to as a "pair" as one refers to a
"pair of scissors".
 Spatulas and scoopulas - is "a small implement with a broad, flat, flexible blade used to
mix, spread and lift material"[1] including foods, drugs, plaster and paints. It derives from
the Latin word for a flat piece of wood or splint (a diminutive form of the Latin spatha,
meaning broadsword), and hence can also refer to a tongue depressor. The
words spade (digging tool) and spathe are similarly derived. The word spatula is known to
have been used in English since 1525

Thermometers - is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. A thermometer

has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass
thermometer) in which some physical change occurs with temperature, and (2) some means of
converting this physical change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a
mercury-in-glass thermometer). Thermometers are widely used in industry to control and
regulate processes, in the study of weather, in medicine, and in scientific research.
There are various principles by which different thermometers operate. They include the thermal
expansion of solids or liquids with temperature, and the change in pressure of a gas on heating or
cooling. Radiation-type thermometers measure the infrared energy emitted by an object, allowing
measurement of temperature without contact. Most metals are good conductors of heat and they
are solids at room temperature. Mercury is the only one in liquid state at room temperature, and
has high coefficient of expansion. Hence, the slightest change in temperature is notable when it's
used in a thermometer. This is the reason behind mercury and alcohol being used in thermometer

Bunsen Burners - Bunsen burner, named after Robert Bunsen, is a common piece
of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating,
sterilization, and combustion.

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