Flowering plants

An index of common and scientific names

This is an index of scientific names and common (vernacular) names (in English) of flowering plants
and plant products.
It serves as an index to the Chart of Flowering Plant Families (www.botanicalchart.org.uk). All names
appearing on the chart are included in the index. In addition, we include many further scientific names
and also common names of useful and ornamental plants and plant products, thus giving a more extensive
listing than is possible on the chart itself.
The index may be used to locate common names, families and other names on the chart using the
hierarchical structure as follows. Given a common name or plant product, for example Mango, the
entry in the index says that Mango is in the genus Mangifera, in the family Anacardiaceae. This family
has an entry giving the order as Sapindales, which is in the Malvids, in the Rosids, which, finally, is in
the Eudicots, one of the major taxa of flowering plants.
Warning: The common, or vernacular, names in this index cover familiar plants and plant products.
These names vary from language to language. Moreover, often only local names are available. Sometimes,
the same name is used for several (sometimes quite unrelated) species. We have tried to disambiguate
common names using genera. However, some common names can be used quite loosely of a range of
different species (usage sometimes varying around the world). Particular problems arise with names
of timbers and also with some descriptive names of garden plants. In this index, as well as covering
scientific names, we have tried to provide a guide to the current usage of many common names, but
inevitably some usages may not be included and others may be not precise enough to be specified.

Resources

For a comprehensive index of flowering plants and ferns consult:

Mabberleys Plant-book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classifications, and Uses, 3rd
Edition, David J. Mabberley. Cambridge Univ. Press. 2008.

A valuable resource is the website:

Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated
since], P.F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). URL http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
Families and orders are those in the following paper, updated with more recent work where relevant:

An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of
flowering plants: APG III. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. Botanical Journal of the
Linnean Society, 2009, 161:105-121.

Availability

This document and the Chart of Flowering Plant Families (David Rydeheard, 2011) are available from
the Botanical Chart website at http://www.botanicalchart.org.uk.

1
Index Alseuosmiaceae, Asterales
Alstroemeriaceae, Liliales
Abelia, Caprifoliaceae (Linnaeaceae)
Altingiaceae, Saxifragales
Abolbodaceae, in Xyridaceae
Alyssum, Brassicaceae
Abutilon, Malvaceae
Alzateaceae, Myrtales
Acacia, Fabaceae
Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales
Acai palm (Euterpe), Arecaceae
Amaryllidaceae, Asparagales
Acanthaceae, Lamiales
Amborellaceae, Amborellales
Acanthus, Acanthaceae
Amborellales, Early-branching order
Aceraceae, in Sapindaceae
Ambrette (Abelmoschus), Malvaceae
Acerola (Malpighia), Malpighiaceae
Amelanchier, Rosaceae
Achariaceae, Malpighiales
Amphorogynaceae, in Santalaceae
Achatocarpaceae, Caryophyllales
Anacardiaceae, Sapindales
Achiote (Bixa), Bixaceae
Anarthriaceae, Poales
Acoraceae, Monocots
Ancistrocladaceae, Caryophyllales
Actinidiaceae, Ericales
Andaman marblewood (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Adoxaceae, Dipsacales
Androsace, Primulaceae
Aextoxicaceae, Berberidopsidales
Aneulophus, Erythroxylaceae
Afara (Terminalia), Combretaceae
Angelica, Apiaceae
Afina wood (Strombosia), Strombosiaceae
Angostura (bark) (Galipea &
African blackwood (Dalbergia), Fabaceae
Cusparia = Angostura), Rutaceae
African dogrose (Oncoba), Salicaceae
Angueuk wood (Ongokea), Aptandraceae
African dogrose (Xylotheca), Achariaceae
Anemone, Ranunculaceae
African forest elder (Nuxia), Stilbaceae
Anise (Pimpinella), Apiaceae
African hemp (Sparrmannia), Malvaceae
Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium), Myrtaceae
African oak (Lophira), Ochnaceae
Anisophyllaceae, Cucurbitales
African oak (Oldfieldia), Picrodendraceae
Annatto (Bixa), Bixaceae
African violet (Saintpaulia), Gesneriaceae
Annonaceae, Magnoliales
African walnut (Coula), Coulaceae
Anthurium, Araceae
African white pear (Apodytes),
Aphelandra, Acanthaceae
Icacinaceae (provisionally)
Aphyllanthaceae, in Asparagaceae
Afrostyrax, Huaceae
Apiaceae, Apiales
Agapanthus, Amaryllidaceae
Apiales, Campanulids
Agapanthaceae, in Amaryllidaceae
Apocynaceae, Gentianales
Agar wood (Aquilaria, sometimes Gyrinops),
Apodanthaceae, Cucurbitales (provisionally)
Thymelaeaceae
Apodytes, Icacinaceae (provisionally)
Agavaceae, in Asparagaceae
Aponogetonaceae, Alismatales
Agave, Asparagaceae
Apostasiaceae, in Orchidaceae
Agdestis, Phytolaccaceae
Apple (Malus), Rosaceae
Ageratum, Asteraceae
Apple, Custard (Annona), Annonaceae
Airplants (Tillandsia), Bromeliaceae
Apple, Kei (Dovyalis = Aberia), Salicaceae
Aizoaceae, Caryophyllales
Apple, Star (Chrysophyllum), Sapotaceae
Akaniaceae, Brassicales
Apricot (Prunus), Rosaceae
Akebia, Lardizabalaceae
Aptandraceae, Santalales
Akee (Blighia), Sapindaceae
Aquifoliaceae, Aquifoliales
Alangiaceae, in Cornaceae
Aquifoliales, Campanulids
Alder (Alnus), Betulaceae
Araceae, Alismatales
Alfalfa (Medicago), Fabaceae
Araliaceae, Apiales
Alismataceae, Alismatales
Aralidiaceae, in Torricelliaceae
Alismatales, Monocots
Ardisia, Primulaceae
Alkanet (various genera, including Anchusa
Areca, Arecaceae
& Alkanna), Boraginaceae
Arecaceae, Arecales
Alliaceae, in Amaryllidaceae
Arecales, Monocots
Allspice (Pimenta), Myrtaceae
Argan oil (Argania), Sapotaceae
Allspice, Carolina (Calycanthus), Calycanthaceae
Argophyllaceae, Asterales
Almond (Prunus), Rosaceae
Aristolochiaceae, Piperales
Aloe, Xanthorrhoeaceae
Arracacha (Arracacia), Apiaceae

2
Arrowgrass, various genera in Juncaginaceae
and Scheuchzeriaceae
Arrowhead (Sagittaria), Alismataceae
Arrowhead (Nephthytis & Syngonium), Araceae
Arrowroot, various genera and common names,
including:
East Indian arrowroot (Curcuma), Zingiberaceae
Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca), Dioscoreaceae
West Indian arrowroot (Maranta), Marantaceae
Artemisia, Asteraceae
Artichoke, Globe (Cynara), Asteraceae
Artichoke, Jerusalem (Helianthus), Asteraceae
Arum, Araceae
Asclepiadaceae, in Apocynaceae
Asafoetida (Ferula), Apiaceae
Ash (Fraxinus), Oleaceae
Ash, Silver (Flindersia), Rutaceae
Ashoka tree (Saraca), Fabaceae
Asparagaceae, Asparagales
Asparagales, Monocots
Asparagus, Asparagaceae
Aspen (Populus), Salicaceae
Asphodel (Asphodelus), Xanthorrhoeaceae
Asphodel, Bog (Narthecium), Nartheciaceae
Asphodelaceae, in Xanthorrhoeaceae
Aspidistra, Asparagaceae
Astelia, Asteliaceae
Asteliaceae, Asparagales
Asteraceae, Asterales
Asterales, Campanulids
Asterids, Eudicots
Astilbe, Saxifragaceae
Athel tree (Tamarix), Tamaricaceae
Atherospermataceae, Laurales
Aubergine (Solanum), Solanaceae
Aucuba, Garryaceae
Australian flycatcher (Cephalotus), Cephalotaceae
Australian heath (Epacris), Ericaceae
Austrobaileyaceae, Austrobaileyales
Austrobaileyales, Early-branching order
Averrhoaceae, in Oxalidaceae
Avicennia, Acanthaceae
Avicenniaceae, in Acanthaceae
Avocado (Persea), Lauraceae
Azalea (Rhododendron), Ericales
Bael (Aegle), Rutaceae
Bacuri (Platonia), Clusiaceae
Baku (Tieghemella), Sapotaceae
Balanopaceae, Malpighiales
Balanophoraceae, Santalales
Balsa (Ochroma), Malvaceae
Balsam (Impatiens), Balsaminaceae
Balsam, Copaiba (Copaifera), Fabaceae
Balsam, Tolu (Myroxylon), Fabaceae
Balsam of Mecca (Commiphora), Burseraceae
3
Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon), Fabaceae
Balsam poplar (Populus), Salicaceae
Balsaminaceae, Ericales
Bamboo (various genera), Poaceae
Bamboo, Sacred/Heavenly (Nandina), Berberidaceae
Bamburanta (Ctenanthe), Marantaceae
Bambusaceae, in Poaceae
Banana (Musa & Ensete), Musaceae
Banksia, Proteaceae
Banyan (Ficus), Moraceae
Baobab (Adansonia), Malvaceae
Barbados cherry (Malpighia), Malpighiaceae
Barberry (Berberis), Berberidaceae
Barbeuiaceae, Caryophyllales
Barbeyaceae, Rosales
Barclaya, Nymphaeaceae
Barclayaceae, in Nymphaeaceae
Barley (Hordeum), Poaceae
Barringtonia, Lecythidaceae
Barringtoniaceae, in Lecythidaceae
Basellaceae, Caryophyllales
Basil (Ocimum), Lamiaceae
Basswood [NAm] (Tilia), Malvaceae
Bastard bullet tree (Humiria), Humiriaceae
Bat flower (Tacca), Dioscoreaceae
Bataceae, Brassicales
Batidaceae = Bataceae
Baueraceae, in Cunoniaceae
Bay [tree/leaves] (Laurus), Lauraceae
Bay, Loblolly (Gordonia), Theaceae
Bay, West Indian (Pimenta), Myrtaceae
Bayberry (Myrica), Myricaceae
Bdellium (Commiphora), Burseraceae
Bean (Phaseolus, Vigna, Vicia etc), Fabaceae
Beautyberry (Callicarpa), Lamiaceae
Bedstraw (Galium), Rubiaceae
Bee balm (Monarda), Lamiaceae
Beebrush (Aloysia), Verbenaceae
Beech (Fagus), Fagaceae
Beech, Southern (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Beech, White (Gmelina), Lamiaceae
Beech myrtle (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Beefsteak plant (Perilla), Lamiaceae
Beet (Beta), Amaranthaceae
Begonia, Begoniaceae
Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales
Belladonna (Atropa), Solanaceae
Bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulastrum,
Codonopsis, Platycodon, etc.), Campanulaceae
Ben nut (Moringa), Moringaceae
Bengal quince (Aegle), Rutaceae
Beni-seed (Sesame), Pedaliaceae
Benzoin resin (Styrax), Styracaceae
Berberidaceae, Ranunculales
Bergamot (Monarda), Lamiaceae
Bergamot orange (Citrus), Rutaceae
Berzelia, Bruniaceae
Bes(s)an = Chickpea
Betel pepper (Piper), Piperaceae
Betony (Stachys), Lamiaceae
Betulaceae, Fagales
Bhesa, Centroplacaceae
Biebersteiniaceae, Sapindales
Bignoniaceae, Lamiales
Bilberry (Vaccinium), Ericaceae
Bilimbi (Averrhoa), Oxalidaceae
Bindweed (Convolvulus & Calystegia),
Convolvulaceae
Bindweed, Black (Fallopia), Polygonaceae
Bindweed, Blue (Solanum), Solanaceae
Birch (Betula), Betulaceae
Bird-of-paradise (Strelitzia), Strelitziaceae
Birthwort (Aristolochia), Aristolochiaceae
Bischofiaceae, in Phyllanthaceae
Bittersweet (Solanum), Solanaceae
Bittersweet (Celastrus), Celastraceae
Bixaceae, Malvales
Black mangrove (Avicenna), Acanthaceae
Black-eyed Susie/Susan (Hibiscus), Malvaceae
Black-eyed Susie/Susan (Rudbeckia), Astraceae
Black-eyed Susie/Susan (Thunbergia), Acanthaceae
Blackberry (Rubus), Rosaceae
Bladder-flower (Araujia), Apocynaceae
Bladder nut (Staphylea), Staphyleaceae
Bladderwort (Utricularia), Lentibulariaceae
Blandfordiaceae, Asparagales
Blazing star (Liatris), Asteraceae,
Blazing star (Mentzelia), Loasaceae
Blepharocaryaceae, in Anacardiaceae
Blinks (Montia), Montiaceae
Bloodberry (Cordia), Boraginaceae,
Bloodberry (Rivina), Phytolaccaceae
Bloodwort (Achillea), Asteraceae
Bloodwort (Rumex), Polygonaceae
Bloodwort/Bloodroot (Sanguinaria), Papaveraceae
Bloodworts (various genera), Haemodoraceae
Blueberry (Vaccinium), Ericaceae
Bo tree (Ficus), Moraceae
Bog asphodel (Narthecium), Nartheciaceae
Bog myrtle (Myrica), Myricaceae
Bog-rosemary (Andromeda), Ericaceae
Bogbean (Menyanthes), Menyanthaceae
Bogota tea (Symplocos), Symplocaceae
Bomarea, Alstroemeriaceae
Bombacaceae, in Malvaceae
Bonnetiaceae, Malpighiales
Boobialla (Myoporum), Scrophulariaceae
Boojum tree (Fouquieria), Fouquieriaceae
Borage (Borago), Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, Lamiids
Boryaceae, Asparagales
Bottlebrush (Beaufortia), Myrtaceae
Bottlebrush (Callistemon), Myrtaceae
Bottlebrush, Natal (Greyia), Melianthaceae
4
Bougainvillea, Nyctaginaceae
Box (Buxus), Buxaceae
Boxwood, West Indian (Casearia), Salicaceae
Boxwood, West Indian (Phyllostylon), Ulmaceae
Boxwood, West Indian (Tabebuia), Bignoniaceae
Bramble (Rubus), Rosaceae
Brassicaceae, Brassicales
Brassicales, Malvids
Brazil nut (Bertholletia), Lecythidaceae
Brazil wax (Copernicia), Arecaceae
Brazilian tulipwood (Dalbergia), Fabaceae
Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia), Fabaceae
Breadfruit (Artocarpus), Moraceae
Breadfruit, Nicobar (Pandanus), Pandanaceae
Breadnut (Brosimum & Artocarpus), Moraceae
Bretschneidera, Akaniaceae
Bromeliaceae, Poales
Broom (Cytisus, Genista & Chamaecytisus), Fabaceae
Broomrape (Orobanche), Orobanchaceae
Brunelliaceae, Oxalidales
Brunia, Bruniaceae
Bruniaceae, Bruniales
Bruniales, Campanulids
Brunoniaceae, in Goodeniaceae
Brushholly (Xylosma), Salicaceae
Bryony, White (Bryonia), Cucurbitaceae
Bryony, Black (Tamus = Dioscorea), Dioscoreaceae
Buckeye [NAm] (Aesculus), Sapindaceae
Buckthorn (Rhamnus), Rhamnaceae
Buckthorn, Sea (Hippophae), Elaeagnaceae
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum), Polygonaceae
Buckwheat, Wild (Eriogonum & Fallopia),
Polygonaceae
Buddleia = Buddleja, Scrophulariaceae
Buddlejaceae, in Scrophulariaceae
Bugle (Ajuga), Lamiaceae
Bulrush, various genera in Cyperaceae,
also [UK] Typha, Typhaceae
Bur-reed (Sparganium), Sparganiaceae
Burma, Pride of/Jewel of (Curcuma), Zingiberaceae
Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreales
Burseraceae, Sapindales
Bush mango (Irvingia), Irvingiaceae
Bushmint (Hyptis & Mentha), Lamiaceae
Busy Lizzie/Lizzy (Impatiens), Balsaminaceae
Butchers broom (Ruscus), Asparagaceae
Butomaceae, Alismatales
Buttercup (Ranunculus), Ranunculaceae
Butterfly bush (Buddleja), Scrophulariaceae
Butterwort (Pinguicula), Lentibulariaceae
Buxaceae, Buxales
Buxales, Eudicots
Byblidaceae, Lamiales
Caapi (Banisteriopsis), Malpighiaceae
Cabbage (Brassica), Brassicaceae
Cabombaceae, Nymphaeales
Cactaceae, Caryophyllales
Cactus, Cactaceae
Caesalpiniaceae, in Fabales
Cajuput oil (Melaleuca), Myrtaceae
Calabash (Lagenaria), Cucurbitaceae
Calabash tree (Crescentia), Bignoniaceae
Calamus (Acorus), Acoraceae
Calceolaria, Calceolariaceae
Calceolariaceae, Lamiales
Calendula, Asteraceae
Callicarpa, Lamiaceae
Callitrichaceae, in Plantaginaceae
Calochortus, Liliaceae
Calophyllaceae, Malpighiales
Caltrop (Tribulus), Zygophyllaceae
Caltrop, Water (Trapa), Lythraceae
Calycanthaceae, Laurales
Calyceraceae, Asterales
Cambodian mint (Persicaria), Polygonaceae
Camellia, Theaceae
Camomile (Anthemis, Matricaria, etc), Asteraceae
Campanulaceae, Asterales
Campanulids, Asterids
Camphor/Camphorwood (Cinnamomum),
Lauraceae, also other genera and families
Campion (Silene & Lychnis), Caryophyllaceae
Campynemataceae, Liliales
Canacomyrica, Myricaceae
Canadian pondweed (Elodea), Hydrocharitaceae
Candleberry (Myrica), Myricaceae
Candleberry (Aleurites), Euphorbiaceae
Candlenut (Aleurites), Euphorbiaceae
Canellaceae, Canellales
Canna, Cannaceae
Canna, Water (Thalia), Marantaceae
Cannabaceae = Cannabidaceae, Rosales
Cannabis, Cannabidaceae
Cannaceae, Zingiberales
Cannonball tree (Couroupita), Lecythidaceae
Canotiaceae, in Celastraceae
Cape pondweed (Aponogeton), Aponogetonaceae
Cape rush (Chondropetalum), Restionaceae
Caper (Capparis), Capparaceae
Cappar(id)aceae, Brassicales
Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales
Capsicum, Solanaceae
Carambola (Averrhoa), Oxalidaceae
Caraway (Carum), Apiaceae
Cardamom (Elattaria & Amomum), Zingiberaceae
Cardiopteridaceae, Aquifoliales
Cardiopterygaceae = Cardiopteridaceae
Cardoon (Cynara), Asteraceae
Caricaceae, Brassicales
Carlemanniaceae, Lamiales
Carnauba (Copernicia), Arecaceae
Carnation (Dianthus), Caryophyllaceae
5
Carob (Ceratonia), Fabaceae
Carolina Jessamine/Jasmine (Gelsemium),
Gelsemiaceae
Carpetweed (Mollugo), Molluginaceae
Carpinaceae, in Betulaceae
Carrot (Daucus), Apiaceae
Caryocaraceae, Malpighiales
Cartonemataceae, in Commelinaceae
Caryophyllaceae, Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales, Eudicots
Cascara (Rhamnus), Rhamnaceae
Cascarilla (Croton), Euphorbiaceae
Cascarilla = Ladenbergia, Rubiaceae
Cashew (Anacardium), Anacardiaceae
Cassava (Manihot), Euphorbiaceae
Cassia (Cassia, sometimes Senna,
or (rarely) Vachellia farnesiana =
Acacia farnesiana), Fabaceae
Cassia (Cinnamomum), Lauraceae
Cassinopsis, Icacinaceae (provisionally)
Castor oil (Ricinus), Euphorbiaceae
Casuarinaceae, Fagales
Catalpa, Bignoniaceae
Catnip/Catmint (Nepeta), Lamiaceae
Cattail [NAm] (Typha), Typhaceae
Ceanothus, Rhamnaceae
Cecropia, Urticaceae
Cecropiaceae, in Urticaceae
Cedar, West Indian (Cedrela), Meliaceae
Celastraceae, Celastrales
Celastrales, Fabids
Celery (Apium), Apiaceae
Celosia, Amaranthaceae
Celtis, Cannabaceae
Celtidaceae, in Cannabaceae
Centaury (Centaurium), Gentianaceae
Centrolepidaceae, Poales
Cephalotaceae, Oxalidales
Ceratophyllaceae, Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllales, Early-branching order
Cercidiphyllaceae, Saxifragales
Cervantesiaceae, in Santalaceae
Ceylon olive (Elaeocarpus), Elaeocarpaceae
Champak (Michelia), Magnoliaceae
Chana = Chickpea
Chaste tree (Vitex), Lamiaceae
Chaulmoogra oil (Hydnocarpus), Achariaceae
Chenopodiaceae, in Amaranthaceae
Cherimoya (Annona), Annonaceae
Cherry (Prunus), Rosaceae
Cherry, Liberian (Sacoglottis), Humiriaceae
Cherry mahogany (Tieghemella), Sapotaceae
Chervil (Anthriscus), Apiaceae
Chestnut, Horse (Aesculus), Sapindaceae
Chestnut, Sweet (Castanea), Fagaceae
Chestnut, Water (Eleocharis), Cyperaceae
Chia (Salvia), Lamiaceae
Chickpea (Cicer), Fabaceae Coconut (Cocos), Arecaceae
Chicle (Manilkara), Sapotaceae Codonopsis, Campanulaceae
Chicory (Cichorium), Asteraceae Coffee (Coffea), Rubiaceae
Chilli (Capsicum), Solanaceae Coir (Cocos), Arecaceae
Chinese tallow tree (Triadica = Sapium), Cola (Cola), Malvaceae
Euphorbiaceae Colchicum, Colchicaceae
Chinquapin (Castanea, Chrysolepis & Colchicaceae, Liliales
Castanopsis), Fagaceae Coleus (Solenostemon), Lamiaceae
Chlaenaceae = Sarcolaenaceae Colicwood (Myrsine), Primulaceae
Chloanthaceae, in Lamiaceae Columelliaceae, Bruniales
Chloranthaceae, Chloranthales Columnea, Gesneriaceae
Chloranthales, Early-branching order Comandraceae, in Santalaceae
Chocolate (Theobroma), Malvaceae Combretaceae, Myrtales
Choisya, Rutaceae Combretum, Combretaceae
Christmas bells (Blandfordia), Blandfordiaceae Comfrey (Symphytum), Boraginaceae
Chrysanthemum, Asteraceae Commelinaceae, Commelinales
Chrysobalanaceae, Malpighiales Commelinales, Monocots (Commelinids)
Chumprak (Heritiera), Malvaceae Commelinids, Monocots
Churnwood (Citronella), Cardiopteridaceae Congress weed (Parthenium), Asteraceae
Cicely (Myrrhis), Apiaceae Connaraceae, Oxalidales
Cineraria, Asteraceae Convolvulaceae, Solanales
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum), Lauraceae Copal (Copaifera), Fabaceae
Cinnamon, White (Canella), Canellaceae Corbichonia, Lophiocarpaceae
Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia), Myrtaceae Cordiaceae, in Boraginaceae
Ciogue (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae Cordyline, Asparagaceae
Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales Coreopsis, Asteraceae
Cissus, Vitaceae Coriander (Coriandrum), Apiaceae
Cistaceae, Malvales Coriander, Vietnamese (Persicaria), Polygonaceae
Citronella trees (Citronella), Cardiopteridaceae Coriaria, Coriariaceae
Citrus, Rutaceae Coriariaceae, Cucurbitales
Clarkia, Onagraceae Coridaceae, in Primulaceae
Clematis, Ranunculaceae Cork (Quercus), Fagaceae
Cleomaceae, Brassicales Corkwood, Florida (Leitneria), Simaroubaceae
Cleome, Cleomaceae Corn [NAm and elsewhere] (Zea), Poaceae
Clerodendrum, Lamiaceae Cornaceae, Cornales
Clethraceae, Ericales Cornales, Asterids
Cleyera, Pentaphylacaceae Corsiaceae, Liliales
Clivia, Amaryllidaceae Corylaceae, in Betulaceae
Clover (Trifolium), Fabaceae Corynocarpaceae, Cucurbitales
Cloves (Syzygium), Myrtaceae Cosmos, Asteraceae
Clubrush (Scirpus, also Bolboschoenus, Isolepis Costa, Costaceae
& Schoenoplectus), Cyperaceae Costaceae, Zingiberales
Clusiaceae, Malpighiales Cotinus, Anacardiaceae
Clutia, Peraceae Cotton (Gossypium), Malvaceae
Cneoraceae, in Rutaceae Coulaceae, Santalales
Cneorum, Rutaceae Courgette (Cucurbita), Cucurbitaceae
Coachwood (Ceratopetalum), Cunoniaceae Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia), Lythraceae
Cobaea, Polemoniaceae Cranberry (Vaccinium), Ericaceae
Cobaeaceae, in Polemoniaceae Cranes bill/Cranesbill (Geranium), Geraniaceae
Cobra lily (Darlingtonia), Sarraceniaceae Crassulaceae, Saxifragales
Coca, Cocaine (Erythroxylum), Erythroxylaceae Creosote bush (Larrea), Zygophyllaceae
Cochlospermaceae, in Bixaceae Cress, Garden (Lepidium), Brassicaceae
Cockscomb (Celosia), Amaranthaceae Cress, Land (Barbarea), Brassicaceae
Coco de mer (Lodoicea), Arecaceae Cress, Pepper- (Lepidium), Brassicaceae
Coco-grass (Cyperus), Cyperaceae Cress, Water- (Nasturtium), Brassicaceae
Coco plum (Chrysobalanus), Chrysobalanaceae Cress, Winter (Barbarea), Brassicaceae
Cocoa (Theobroma), Malvaceae Crinodendron, Elaeocarpaceae

6
Crocosmia, Iridaceae
Crocus, Iridaceae
Croomiaceae, in Stemonaceae
Crossosomataceae, Crossosomatales
Croton, Euphorbiaceae
Crowberry (Empetrum), Ericaceae
Crypteroniaceae, Myrtales
Ctenolophonaceae, Malpighiales
Cubeb (Piper), Piperaceae
Cucumber (Cucumis), Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbitales
Cucurbitales, Fabids
Cudjoe wood (Jacquinia = Bonellia), Primulaceae
Culvers root (Veronicastrum), Plantaginaceae
Cumin (Cuminum), Apiaceae
Cunoniaceae, Oxalidales
Cuphea, Lythraceae
Curare (Chondrodendron), Menispermaceae
Curare (Strychnos), Loganiaceae
Currant bush (Ribes), Grossulariaceae
Curry tree/leaf (Murraya), Rutaceae
Curtisiaceae, Cornales
Cuscutaceae, in Convolvulaceae
Custard apple (Annona), Annonaceae
Cyanastraceae, in Tecophilaeaceae
Cyclamen, Primulaceae
Cyclanthaceae, Pandanales
Cyclocheilaceae, in Orobanchaceae
Cymodoceaceae, Alismatales
Cynomoriaceae unplaced
Cyperaceae, Poales
Cypripediaceae, in Orchidaceae
Cyphiaceae, in Campanulaceae
Cyrillaceae, Ericales
Cytinaceae, Malvales
Dabai (Canarium), Burseraceae
Daffodil (Narcissus), Amaryllidaceae
Dahlia, Asteraceae
Daisy (Bellis, Aster, etc), Asteraceae
Damiana (Turnera), Passifloraceae
Dandelion (Taraxacum), Asteraceae
Danta (Nesogordonia), Malvaceae
Daphne, Thymelaeaceae
Daphniphyllaceae, Saxifragales
Dasypogonaceae, Monocots (Commelinids)
Date (Phoenix), Arecaceae
Date-plum (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Datiscaceae, Cucurbitales
Day lily (Hemerocallis), Xanthorrhoeaceae
Davidia, Cornaceae
Davidiaceae, in Cornaceae
Davidsoniaceae, in Cunoniaceae
Degame (Calycophyllum), Rubiaceae
Degeneriaceae, Magnoliales
Desfontainia, Columelliaceae
7
Deutzia, Hydrangeaceae
Devils claw (Harpagophytum), Pedaliaceae
Devils claw (Proboscidea), Martyniaceae
Dialypetalanthaceae, in Rubiaceae
Diapensiaceae, Ericales
Diascia, Scrophulariaceae
Dicentra, Papaveraceae
Dichapetalaceae, Malpighiales
Dicrastylidaceae, in Lamiaceae
Dictamnus, Rutaceae
Didiereaceae, Caryophyllales
Didymelaceae, in Buxaceae
Diegodendraceae, in Bixaceae
Diervillaceae, in Caprifoliaceae
Dika nut (Irvingia), Irvingiaceae
Dill (Anethum), Apiaceae
Dillenia, Dilleniaceae
Dilleniaceae, Eudicots
Dioncophyllaceae, Caryophyllales
Dioscoreaceae, Dioscoreales
Dioscoreales, Monocots
Dipentodontaceae, Huerteales
Dipsacaceae, in Caprifoliaceae
Dipsacales, Campanulids
Dipterocarpaceae, Malvales
Dirachmaceae, Rosales
Dissotis, Melastomataceae
Ditchgrass (Ruppia), Ruppiaceae
Dock (Rumex), Polygonaceae
Dodder (Cuscuta), Convolvulaceae
Dodecatheon, Primulaceae
Dogbane (Apocynum), Apocynaceae
Dogwood (Cornus), Cornaceae
Donatiaceae, in Stylidaceae
Doryanthaceae, Asparagales
Dove tree (Davidia), Cornaceae
Dracaena, Asparagaceae
Dragon tree (Dracaena), Asparagaceae
Dragons blood (Croton), Euphorbiaceae
Dragons blood (Calamus), Arecaceae
Dragons blood (Daemonorops), Arecaceae
Dragons blood (Dracaena), Asparagaceae
Dragons blood (Pterocarpus), Fabaceae
Droseraceae, Caryophyllales
Drumstick tree (Cassia), Fabaceae
Drumstick tree (Moringa), Moringaceae
Duckeodendraceae, in Solanaceae
Duckweed (Lemna), Araceae
Dulongiaceae, in Phyllonomaceae
Durian (Durio), Malvaceae
Dysphaniaceae, in Amarathaceae
Ebenaceae, Ericales
Ebony (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Ecdeiocoleaceae, Poales
Echinacea, Asteraceae
Eelgrass (Vallisneria), Hydrocharitaceae
Eelgrass (Zostera), Zosteraceae
Eggfruit (Pouteria), Sapotaceae
Eggplant (Solanum), Solanaceae
Ehretiaceae, in Boraginaceae
Ekki tree (Lophira), Ochnaceae
Elaeagnaceae, Rosales
Elaeocarpaceae, Oxalidales
Elatinaceae, Malpighiales
Elder (Sambucus), Adoxaceae
Elder, African forest (Nuxia), Stilbaceae
Elderberry (Sambucus), Adoxaceae
Elecampane (Inula), Asteraceae
Elemi (Canarium), Burseraceae
Elephant tree (Bursera), Burseraceae
Ellisiophyllaceae, in Plantaginaceae
Elm (Ulmus), Ulmaceae
Elodea, Hydrocharitaceae
Emblingiaceae, Brassicales
Emmotum, Icacinaceae (provisionally)
Empetraceae, in Ericaceae
Emu bush (Eremophilas), Scrophulariaceae
Emu bush (Hakea), Proteaceae
Endive (Cichorium), Asteraceae
Epacridaceae, in Ericaceae
Eremolepidaceae, in Santalaceae
Eremosynaceae, in Escalloniaceae
Ericaceae, Ericales
Ericales, Asterids
Eriocaulaceae, Poales
Erodium, Geraniaceae
Erythropalaceae, Santalales
Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales
Escallonia, Escalloniaceae
Escalloniaceae, Escalloniales
Escalloniales, Campanulids
Eucalyptus, Myrtaceae
Eucommiaceae, Garryales
Eucryphia, Cunoniaceae
Euphorbiaceae, Malpighiales
Euphroniaceae, Malpighiales
Eupomatiaceae, Magnoliales
Eupteleaceae, Ranunculales
Eurya, Pentaphylacaceae
Euryalaceae, in Nymphaeaceae
Evening primrose (Oenothera), Onagraceae
Exacum, Gentianaceae
Eyebright (Euphrasia), Orobanchaceae
Fabaceae, Fabales
Fabales, Fabids
Fabids, Rosids
Fagaceae, Fagales
Fagales, Fabids
Fatsia, Araliaceae
Featherfoil (Hottonia), Primulaceae
8
Fennel (Foeniculum), Apiaceae
Fenugreek (Trigonella), Fabaceae
Feverfew (Tanacetum), Asteraceae
Fig (Ficus), Moraceae
Fig, Hottentot (Carpobrotus), Aizoaceae
Fig-marigold (Mesembryanthemum and
other genera), Aizoaceae
Figwort (Scrophularia), Scrophulariaceae
Firethorn (Pyracantha), Rosaceae
Flag, Sweet (Acorus), Acoraceae
Flag iris (Iris), Iridaceae
Flagellariaceae, Poales
Flax (Linum), Linaceae
Flax, New Zealand (Phormium), Xanthorrhoeaceae
Flindersiaceae, in Rutaceae
Flowering rush (Butomus), Butomaceae
Flycatcher, Australian (Cephalotus), Cephalotaceae
Foetidiaceae, in Lecythidaceae
Fogfruit (Phyla), Verbenaceae
Forget-me-not (Myosotis), Boraginaceae
Forsythia, Oleaceae
Fouquieriaceae, Ericales
Foxglove (Digitalis), Plantaginaceae
Foxglove tree (Paulownia), Paulowniaceae
Francoaceae, in Melianthaceae
Frangipani (Plumeria), Apocynaceae
Frankeniaceae, Caryophyllales
Frankincense (Boswellia), Burseraceae
Franklin tree (Franklinia), Theaceae
Freesia, Iridaceae
Fremontodendron, Malvaceae
Freijo (Cordia), Boraginaceae
Fritillary (Fritillaria), Liliaceae
Frogbit (Hydrocharis &
Limnobium), Hydrocharitaceae
Fuchsia, Onagraceae
Fumariaceae, in Papaveraceae
Fumitory (Fumaria), Papaveraceae
Fustic, Old (Maclura), Moraceae
Fustic, Young (Cotinus), Anacardiaceae
Gabon nut (Coula), Coulaceae
Gaboon (Aucoumea), Burseraceae
Gaharu (Aquilaria), Thymelaeaceae
Galangal (usually Alpinia, sometimes
Kaempferia, Boesenbergia), Zingiberaceae
Galax, Diapensiaceae
Galbanum (Ferula), Apiaceae
Galingale (Cyperus), Cyperaceae, see also Galangal
Galip nut (Canarium), Burseraceae
Pili nut (Canarium), Burseraceae
Gamboge (Garcinia), Clusiaceae
Gardenia, Rubiaceae
Garbanzo bean = Chickpea
Garlic (Allium), Amaryllidaceae
Garlic-tree (Afrostyrax), Huaceae
Garrya, Garryaceae
Garryaceae, Garryales
Garryales, Lamiids
Gaultheria, Ericaceae
Geissolomataceae, Celastrales
Gentian (Gentiana), Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae, Gentianales
Gentianales, Lamiids
Geosiridaceae, in Iridaceae
Geraniaceae, Geraniales
Geraniales, Malvids
Geranium, Geraniaceae
Germander (Teucrium), Lamiaceae
Gesneriaceae, Lamiales
Gherkin (Cucumis), Cucurbitaceae
Gilia, Polemoniaceae
Ginger (Zingiber), Zingiberaceae
Ginseng (Panax), Araliaceae
Gladiolus, Iridaceae
Glaucidiaceae, in Ranunculaceae
Glaucidium, Ranunculaceae
Globe thistle (Echinops), Asteraceae
Globularia, Plantaginaceae
Globulariaceae, in Plantaginaceae
Gloriosa, Colchicaceae
Glory bush (Tibouchina), Melastomataceae
Gloxinia, Gesneriaceae
Goetzeaceae, in Solanaceae
Goji berry (Lycium), Solanaceae
Golden leaf tree (Chrysophyllum), Sapotaceae
Goldenrod (Solidago), Asteraceae
Gomortegaceae, Laurales
Gonystylaceae, in Thymelaeaceae
Goodenia, Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae, Asterales
Gooseberry (Ribes), Grossulariaceae
Gooseberry, Cape (Physalis), Solanaceae
Gooseberry, Chinese (Actinidia), Actinidiaceae
Gooseberry, Indian (Phyllanthus), Phyllanthaceae
Gooseberry, Otaheite/Tahitian
(Phyllanthus), Phyllanthaceae
Gooseberry, Star (Sauropus), Phyllanthaceae
Goosefoots (Chenopodium), Amaranthaceae
Gorse (Ulex), Fabaceae
Gotu kola (Centella), Apiaceae
Goupiaceae, Malpighiales
Gourd (various genera inc. Cucumis, Lagenaria,
Benincasa, Cucurbita), Cucurbitaceae
Gran = Chickpea
Granadilla (Passiflora), Passifloraceae
Grape (Vitis), Vitaceae
Grapefruit (Citrus), Rutaceae
Grass (many genera), Poaceae
Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia), Celastraceae
Grass pinks (Calopogon), Orchidaceae
Grass tree (Xanthorrhoea), Xanthorrhoeaceae
Grease nut (Hernandia), Hernandiaceae
9
Greengage (Prunus), Rosaceae
Greenheart (Chlorocardium), Lauraceae
Grevillea, Proteaceae
Grey mangrove (Avicenna), Acanthaceae
Greyia, Melianthaceae
Greyiaceae, in Melianthaceae
Griselinia, Griseliniaceae
Griseliniaceae, Apiales
Gromwell (Lithospermum), Boraginaceae
Grossulariaceae, Saxifragales
Grubbiaceae, Cornales
Guarana (Paullinia), Sapindaceae
Guava (Psidium), Myrtaceae
Guayule (Parthenium), Asteraceae
Guggul gum (Commiphora), Burseraceae
Gum trees (Eucalyptus), Myrtaceae
Gum guggul (Commiphora), Burseraceae
Gunneraceae, Gunnerales
Gunnerales, Eudicots
Gunpowder-tree (aka Pigeon Wood or Nalita)
(Trema), Cannabaceae
Gutta-percha (Palaquium), Sapotaceae
Gyrocarpaceae, in Hernandiaceae
Gyrostemonaceae, Brassicales
Hackberry (Celtis), Cannabaceae
Haemodoraceae, Commelinales
Halesiaceae, in Styracaceae
Halophytaceae, Caryophyllales
Halorag(id)aceae, Saxifragales
Hamamelidaceae, Saxifragales
Handkerchief tree (Davidia), Cornaceae
Hanguanaceae, Commelinales
Harmal (Peganum), Nitrariaceae
Hawaiian snowbush (Breynia), Phyllanthaceae
Hawthorn (Crataegus), Rosaceae
Hawthorn, Water (Aponogeton), Aponogetonaceae
Hazel (Corylus), Betulaceae
Heather/Heath (Calluna, Erica,
Phyllodoce, Cassiope), Ericaceae
Heavenly/Sacred bamboo (Nandina), Berberidaceae
Hebe (Veronica), Plantaginaceae
Hectorellaceae, in Montiaceae
Helichrysum, Asteraceae
Heliconiaceae, Zingiberales
Heliotrope (Heliotropium), Boraginaceae
Hellebore (Helleborus), Ranunculaceae
Hellebore, False (Adonis), Ranunculaceae
Hellebore, False (Veratrum), Melianthaceae
Helleborine (Epipactis, & Cephalanthera,
also Calopogon), Orchidaceae
Helwingiaceae, Aquifoliales
Helxine, Urticaceae
Hemerocallidaceae, in Xanthorrhoeaceae
Hemlock (Conium), Apiaceae
Hemlock, Water (Cicuta), Apiaceae
Hemlock water dropwort (Oenanthe), Apiaceae
Hemp (Cannabis), Cannabidaceae
Hemp, African (Sparrmannia), Malvaceae
Hemp, Manila (Musa), Musaceae
Henbane (Hyoscyamus), Solanaceae
Henna (Lawsonia), Lythraceae
Henriqueziaceae, in Rubiaceae
Hernandiaceae, Laurales
Heteropyxidaceae, in Myrtaceae
Heuchera, Saxifragaceae
Hibbertia, Dilleniaceae
Hibiscus, Malvaceae
Hickory (Carya), Juglandaceae
Hickory, Beaked (Annamocarya), Juglandaceae
Himantandraceae, Magnoliales
Hippocastanaceae, in Sapindaceae
Hippocrateaceae, in Celastraceae
Hippuridaceae, in Plantaginaceae
Hog plum (Spondias), Anacardiaceae
Hog plum (Ximenia), Ximeniaceae
Holly (Ilex), Aquifoliaceae
Holly, Sea (Acanthus), Acanthaceae
Holly, Sea (Eryngium), Apiaceae
Hollyhock (Alcea), Malvaceae
Honesty (Lunaria), Brassicaceae
Honey berry (Lonicera), Caprifoliaceae
Honey flower (Lambertia), Proteaceae
Honey flower (Melianthus), Melianthaceae
Honey myrtle (Melaleuca), Myrtaceae
Honeysuckle (Lonicera), Caprifoliaceae
Hop (Humulus), Cannabidaceae
Hop-hornbeam (Ostrya), Betulaceae
Hoplestigmataceae, in Boraginaceae (provisionally)
Hornbeam (Carpinus), Betulaceae
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum), Ceratophyllaceae
Horse chestnut (Aesculus), Sapindaceae
Hortoniaceae, in Monimiaceae
Hosta, Asparagaceae
Hottentot fig (Carpobrotus), Aizoaceae
Houmiriaceae = Humiriaceae
House-leek (Sempervivum), Crassulaceae
Hoya, Apocynaceae
Hua, Huaceae
Huaceae, Fabids
Hualo (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Huambula wood (Minquartia), Coulaceae
Huckleberry (Vaccinium, Gaylussacia), Ericaceae
Huckleberry, Garden (Solanum), Solanaceae
Hugoniaceae, in Linaceae
Humiriaceae, Malpighiales
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus), Asparagaceae
Hyacinth, Water (Eichhornia), Pontederiaceae
Hyacinthaceae, in Asparagaceae
Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales
Hydnoraceae, Piperales
Hydrangea, Hydrangeaceae
Hydrangeaceae, Cornales
10
Hydrastis, Ranunculaceae
Hydrocharitaceae, Alismatales
Hydrocotylaceae, in Araliaceae
Hydrophyllaceae, in Boraginaceae
Hydrostachyaceae, Cornales (provisionally)
Hypecoum, Papaveraceae
Hypericaceae, Malpighiales
Hypericum, Hypericaceae
Hypoxidaceae, Asparagales
Hypseocharis, Geraniaceae
Hyssop (Hyssopus & Agastache), Lamiaceae
Icacinaceae, Lamiids
Idigbo (Terminalia), Combretaceae
Illiciaceae, in Schisandraceae
Imbuia (Phoebe), Lauraceae
Impatiens, Balsaminaceae
Indian shot (Canna), Cannaceae
Indian mast tree (Polyalthia), Annonaceae
Indian pipe (Monotropa), Ericaceae
Indigo (Indigofera), Fabaceae
Inoy/Inoi nut (Poga), Anisophylleaceae
Ipecacuanha (Psychotria), Rubiaceae
Ipecacuanha, White (Ionidium = Hybanthus),
Violaceae
Iridaceae, Asparagales
Iris, Iridaceae
Iroko (Milicia or Chlorophora = Maclura), Moraceae
Ironwood - many genera and families
Irvingiaceae, Malpighiales
Isano oil (Ongokea), Aptandraceae
Ivy (Hedera), Araliaceae
Ivy, Poison (Toxicodendron = Rhus), Anacardiaceae
Ixioliriaceae, Asparagales
Ixonanthaceae, Malpighiales
Jaborandi (Pilocarpus), Rutaceae
Jaboty (Erisma), Vochysiaceae
Jaboty (Helicostylis), Moraceae
Jacaranda, Bignoniaceae
Jackfruit (Artocarpus), Moraceae
Jacobs ladder (Polemonium), Polemoniaceae
Jalop (Ipomoea), Convolvulaceae
Jasmine (Jasminum), Oleaceae
Jasmine, Cape (Gardenia), Rubiaceae
Jasmine, New Zealand (Parsonsia), Apocynaceae
Jasmine, Night-blooming (Cestrum), Solanaceae
Jasmine, Night-flowering (Nyctanthes), Oleaceae
Jasmine, Star (Trachelospermum), Apocynaceae
Jasmine tree (Millingtonia), Bignoniaceae
Jatropha, Euphorbiaceae
Jelutong (Dyera), Apocynaceae
Jessamine/Jasmine, Carolina (Gelsemium),
Gelsemiaceae
Jimson weed (Datura), Solanaceae
Jobo (Spondias), Anacardiaceae
Joinvilleaceae, Poales
Jojoba (Simmondsia), Simmondsiaceae
Jongkong (Dactylocladus), Crypteroniaceae
Joshua tree (Yucca), Asparagaceae
Jovellana, Calceolariaceae
Judas tree (Cercis), Fabaceae
Juglandaceae, Fagales
Jujube (Ziziphus), Rhamnaceae
Julianiaceae, in Anacardiaceae
Juncaceae, Poales
Juncaginaceae, Alismatales
Jute (Corchorus), Malvaceae
Kadsura, Schisandraceae
Kalanchoe, Crassulaceae
Kalmia, Ericaceae
Kamahi (Weinmannia), Cunoniaceae
Kangaroo paw (Anigozanthus & Macropidia),
Haemodoraceae
Kapok (Ceiba), Malvaceae
Kapur (Dryobalanops), Dipterocarpaceae
Karanda (Carissa), Apocynaceae
Karanda nut (Elaeocarpus), Elaeocarpaceae
Karir (Capparis), Capparaceae
Karo tree (Pittosporum), Pittosporaceae
Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum), Cercidiphyllaceae
Kapok (Ceiba), Malvaceae
Kava (Piper), Piperaceae
Keaki (Zelkova), Ulmaceae
Kei apple (Dovyalis = Aberia), Salicaceae
Khat (Catha), Celastraceae
Kirkiaceae, Sapindales
Kite tree (Nuxia), Stilbaceae
Kiwi fruit (Actinidia), Actinidiaceae
Knapweed (Centuarea), Asteraceae
Kohekohe (Dysoxylum), Meliaceae
Koeberliniaceae, Brassicales
Kokoon (Kokoona), Celastraceae
Kola nut, see Cola
Krabak (Anisoptera), Dipterocarpaceae
Krameriaceae, Zygophyllales
Kudzu (Pueraria), Fabaceae
Kulim wood (Scorocarpus), Strombosiaceae
Kumquat (Fortunella), Rutaceae
Labdanum (Cistus), Cistaceae
Labrador tea (Ledum), Ericaceae
Laburnum, Fabaceae
Lacistemataceae, Malpighiales
Lacquer (Rhus), Anacardiaceae
Lactoridaceae, Piperales
Lamiaceae, Lamiales
Lamiales, Lamiids
Lamiids, Asterids
11
Lanariaceae, Asparagales
Lantana, Verbenaceae
Lapageria, Philesiaceae
Lardizabalaceae, Ranunculales
Lasora (Cordia), Boraginaceae
Lauraceae, Laurales
Laurales, Magnoliids
Laurel, Azores (Laurus), Lauraceae
Laurel, Bay (Laurus), Lauraceae
Laurel, Californian (Umbellularia), Lauraceae
Laurel, Camphor (Cinnamomum), Lauraceae
Laurel, Cherry (Prunus), Rosaceae
Laurel, Great (Rhododendron), Ericaceae
Laurel, Mountain (Kalmia), Ericaceae
Laurel, New Zealand (shrub) (Coprosma),
Rubiaceae
Laurel, New Zealand (tree) (Corynocarpus),
Corynocarpaceae
Laurel, Portugal (Prunus), Rosaceae
Laurel, Spotted (Aucuba), Garryaceae
Laurel, Sumac (Malosma = Rhus), Anacardiaceae
Laurel, Tasmanian (Anopterus), Escalloniaceae
Lavender (Lavandula), Lamiaceae
Lavender, Sea (Limonium), Plumbaginaceae
Laxmanniaceae, in Asparagaceae
Leadwood (Krugiodendron), Rhamnaceae
Leadwood (Ceratostigma), Plumbaginaceae
Leadwood tree (Combretum), Combretaceae
Leadwort (Ceratostigma), Plumbaginaceae
Leafflower (Phyllanthus), Phyllanthaceae
Leatherwood (Cyrilla), Cyrillaceae
Leatherwood (Dirca), Thymelaeaceae
Leatherwood (Eucryphia), Cunoniaceae
Leatherwood (Olearia), Asteraceae
Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys), Picrodendraceae
Lechenaultia = Leschenaultia
Lecythidaceae, Ericales
Ledocarpaceae, in Vivianiaceae
Leeaceae, in Vitaceae
Leek (Allium), Amaryllidaceae
Leitneriaceae, in Simaroubaceae
Lemnaceae, in Araceae
Lemon (Citrus), Rutaceae
Lemon thorn (Cassinopsis),
Icacinaceae (provisionally)
Lenga (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Lengkuas = Galangal
Lennoaceae, in Boraginaceae
Lentibulariaceae, Lamiales
Lentil (Lens), Fabaceae
Leptaulus, Cardiopteridaceae
Leschenaultia, Goodeniaceae
Lettuce (Lactuca), Asteraceae
Lettuce, Sea (Scaevola), Goodeniaceae
Lewisia, Montiaceae
Leycesteria, Caprifoliaceae
Lichee, see Lychee
Lignum vitae (Guaiacum), Zygophyllaceae
Lilac (Syringa), Oleaceae
Lilaeaceae, in Juncaginaceae
Liliaceae, Liliales
Liliales, Monocots
Lily (Lilium), Liliaceae
Lily, Peruvian (Alstroemera), Alstroemeriaceae
Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria), Asparagaceae
Lily-of-the-valley tree (Clethra), Clethraceae
Lily-of-the-valley tree (Crinodendron),
Elaeocarpaceae
Lily-of-the-valley tree (Oxydendrum), Ericaceae
Lime (Citrus), Rutaceae
Lime tree [UK] (Tilia), Malvaceae
Limnanthaceae, Brassicales
Limnocharitaceae, in Alismataceae
Linaceae, Malpighiales
Linaloa, Burseraceae
Linderniaceae, Lamiales
Linnaeaceae, in Caprifoliaceae
Linseed (Linum), Linaceae
Liquidambar, Altingiaceae
Liquorice/Licorice (Glycyrrhiza), Fabaceae
Lisianthus (Eustoma), Gentianaceae
Lissocarpaceae, in Ebenaceae
Litchi, see Lychee
Lithops, Aizoaceae
Littorella, Plantaginaceae
Lizards tail (Saururus), Saururaceae
Loasaceae, Cornales
Lobelia, Campanulaceae
Lobeliaceae, in Campanulaceae
Loblolly bay (Gordonia), Theaceae
Lobster-claw (Clianthus), Fabaceae
Lobster-claw (Heliconia), Heliconiaceae
Lodh (bark) (Symplocos), Symplocaceae
Loganiaceae, Gentianales
Longan (Dimocarpus), Sapindaceae
Loosestrife, purple (Lythrum), Lythraceae
Loosestrife, yellow (Lysimachia), Primulaceae
Lophopyxidaceae, Malpighiales
Lopseed (Phryma), Phrymaceae
Loquat (Eriobotrya), Rosaceae
Loranthaceae, Santalales
Lotus, Sacred (Nelumbo), Nelumbonaceae
(also Nymphaea, Nymphaeaceae)
Lousewort (Pedicularis), Orobanchaceae
Lovage (Levisticum), Apiaceae
Lovegrass (Eragrostis), Poaceae
Lowiaceae, Zingiberales
Luffa, Cucurbitaceae
Lungwort (Pulmonaria), Boraginaceae
Lupin (Lupinus), Fabaceae
Luzuriagaceae, Liliales
Lychee/Lichee/Litchi (Litchi), Sapindaceae
Lythraceae, Myrtales
Lythrum, Lythraceae
12
Macachi (Arjona), Schoepfiaceae
Macadamia, Proteaceae
Macary bitter (Picramnia), Picramniaceae
Mace (Myristica), Myristicaceae
Mackinlayaceae, in Apiaceae
Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus),
Apocynaceae
Madder (Rubia), Rubiaceae
Madeira vine (Anredera), Basellaceae
Madrone (Arbutus), Ericaceae
Madwort (Asperugo), Boraginaceae
Madwort (Lobularia, Aurinia and Alyssum),
Brassicaceae
Maesaceae, in Primulaceae
Magnolia, Magnoliaceae
Magnoliaceae, Magnoliales
Magnoliales, Magnoliids
Maguey (Agave), Asparagaceae
Mahogany (Swietenia), True m., West
Indian m., Cuban m. & Honduras m., Meliaceae,
(also species in Khaya & Entandrophragma
in Meliaceae)
Mahogany, African (Khaya), Meliaceae
Mahogany, Chinese (Toona), Meliaceae
Mahogany, New Zealand (Dysoxylum), Meliaceae
Maize (Zea), Poaceae
Makita (Atuna), Chrysobalanaceae
Makore (Tieghemella), Sapotaceae
Malesherbiaceae, in Passifloraceae
Mallow (Malva), Malvaceae
Malpighiaceae, Malpighiales
Malpighiales, Fabids
Malvaceae, Malvales
Malvales, Malvids
Malvids, Rosids
Mamaki (Pipturus), Urticaceae
Mamey sapote (Pouteria), Sapotaceae
Mamoncilla (Melicoccus), Sapindaceae
Manatee grass (Syringodium & Cymodocea),
Cymodoceaceae
Mandrake (Mandragora), Solanaceae
Mangeao (Litsea), Lauraceae
Mango (Mangifera), Anacardiaceae
Mango, Bush (Irvingia), Irvingiaceae
Mangosteen (Garcinia), Clusiaceae
Mangrove, Black (Avicenna), Acanthaceae
Mangrove, Red (Rhizophora), Rhizophoraceae
Mangrove, White/Grey (Avicenna), Acanthaceae
Mangrove, White (Conocarpus, Languncularia &
Lumnitzera), Combretaceae
Mangrove apple (Sonneratia), Lythraceae
Mangrove palm (Nypha), Arecaceae
Manila hemp (Musa), Musaceae
Manwood, Black (Minquartia), Coulaceae
Maple (Acer), Sapindaceae
Maple, Queensland (Flindersia), Rutaceae
Maracaibo boxwood (Casearia), Salicaceae
Marantaceae, Zingiberales
Marcgraviaceae, Ericales
Mares tail (Hippuris), Plantaginaceae
Marigold (Tagetes), Asteraceae
Marigold, Corn (Glebionis), Asteraceae
Marigold, Desert (Baileya), Asteraceae
Marigold, Marsh (Caltha), Ranunculaceae
Marigold, Mexican (Tagetes), Asteraceae
Marigold, Pot (Calendula), Asteraceae
Marigold, Tree (Tithonia), Asteraceae
Marjoram (Origanum), Lamiaceae
Marrow (Cucurbita), Cucurbitaceae
Marshmallow (Althaea), Malvaceae
Martyniaceae, Lamiales
Mast tree, Indian (Polyalthia), Annonaceae
Mastic (Pistacia), Anacardiaceae
Maundia, Juncaginaceae
Mayacaceae, Poales
Mayten (Maytenus), Celastraceae
Mbura (Parinari), Chrysobalanaceae
Meadow saffron (Colchicum), Colchicaceae
Meadowfoam (Limnanthes), Limnanthaceae
Medinilla, Melastomataceae
Medusagyne, Ochnaceae
Medusandraceae, in Peridiscaceae
Melanophyllaceae, in Torricelliaceae
Melanthiaceae, Liliales
Melastomataceae, Myrtales
Meliaceae, Sapindales
Melianthaceae, Geraniales
Meliosmaceae, in Sabiaceae
Melon (Cucumis), Cucurbitaceae
Melon, Bitter (Momordica), Cucurbitaceae
Melon, Horned (Cucumis), Cucurbitaceae
Melon, Water (Citrullus), Cucurbitaceae
Melon, Winter (Benincasa), Cucurbitaceae
Mendonciaceae, in Acanthaceae
Mengkulang (Heritiera), Malvaceae
Menispermaceae, Ranunculales
Menyanthaceae, Asterales
Meranti (Shorea), Dipterocarpaceae
Mercury (Mercurialis), Euphorbiaceae
Mersawa (Anisoptera), Dipterocarpaceae
Mescal (Agave), Asparagaceae
Mesembryanthemum, Aizoaceae
Mesquite (Prosopis), Fabaceae
Methi = Fenugreek
Metteniusaceae, Lamiids
Micranthemum, Linderniaceae
Mignonette (Reseda), Resedaceae
Milk-vetch (Astragalus), Fabaceae
Milkweed (Asclepias), Apocynaceae
Milkweed (Sonchus), Asteraceae
Milkwort (Polygala), Polygalaceae
Millet (various genera), Poaceae
13
Mimosa, Fabaceae
Mint, including Spearmint, Peppermint &
Horse mint (Mentha), Lamiaceae
Mint, Cambodian (Persicaria), Polygonaceae
Mint bush (Prostanthera), Lamiaceae
Mirabilis, Nyctaginaceae
Misodendraceae, Santalales
Mistletoe, various genera and families in Santalales,
including European m. (Viscum),
American m. (Phoradendron) and
Dwarf m. (Arceuthobium),
all in Viscaceae
Mitrastemonaceae = Mitrastem(m)ataceae,
Ericales (provisionally)
Mock orange, (Philadelphus) Hydrangeaceae
Molluginaceae, Caryophyllales
Mombin (Spondias), Anacardiaceae
Monimiaceae, Laurales
Monkey flower (Mimulus), Phrymaceae
Monotropa, Ericaceae
Monotropaceae, in Ericaceae
Monstera, Araceae
Moonseed (Cocculus & Menispermum),
Menispermaceae
Moraceae, Rosales
Morinaceae, in Caprifoliaceae
Moringaceae, Brassicales
Morning glory (Ipomoea, and other genera),
Convolvulaceae
Moschatel (Adoxa), Adoxaceae
Moss-rose (Portulaca), Portulacaceae
Moutan (Paeonia), Paeoniaceae
Mpingo wood (Dalbergia), Fabaceae
Muhuhu oil/wood (Brachyleana), Asteraceae
Mulberry (Morus), Moraceae
Mullein (Verbascum), Scrophulariaceae
Mulukhiyah (Corchorus), Malvaceae
Muntingiaceae, Malvales
Musaceae, Zingiberales
Mustard (Sinapis & Brassica), Brassicaceae
Mustard-tree (Nicotiana), Solanaceae
Mustard-tree (Salvadora), Salvadoraceae
Myodocarpaceae, Apiales
Myoporaceae, in Scrophulariaceae
Myricaceae, Fagales
Myristicaceae, Magnoliales
Myrothamnaceae, Gunnerales
Myrrh (Commiphora), Burseraceae
Myrrh, Sweet (Opopanax), Apiaceae
Myrsinaceae, in Primulaceae
Myrtaceae, Myrtales
Myrtales, Malvids
Myrtle (Myrtus), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Aniseed (Syzygium), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Beech (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Myrtle, Black (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Myrtle, Brown (Choricarpia), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Cinnamon (Backhousia), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Crape (Lagerstroemia), Lythraceae
Myrtle, Creeping (Vinca), Apocynaceae
Myrtle, Dwarf Australian (Myoporum),
Scrophulariaceae
Myrtle, Honey (Melaleuca), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Lemon (Backhousia), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Rose (Archirhodomyrtus), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Wax (Myrica), Myricaceae
Myrtle, White (Auranticarpa), Pittosporaceae
Myrtle, White (Hypocalymma), Myrtaceae
Myrtle, Willow (Agonis), Myrtaceae
Myrtle hakea (Hakea), Proteaceae
Myrtle wattle (Acacia), Fabaceae
Najadaceae, in Hydrocharitaceae
Nanodeaceae, in Santalaceae
Nartheciaceae, Dioscoreaceae
Nasturtium, Garden (Tropaeolum), Tropaeolaceae
Natal bottlebrush (Greyia), Melianthaceae
Nectarine (Prunus), Rosaceae
Needle bush (Hakea), Proteaceae
Needle bush (Vachellia farnesiana =
Acacia farnesiana), Fabaceae
Neem (Azadirachta), Meliaceae
Nelumbonaceae, Proteales
Nemesia, Scrophulariaceae
Nemophila, Boraginaceae
Nepenthaceae, Caryophyllales
Nesogenaceae, in Orobanchaceae
Nettle (Urtica), Urticaceae
Nettle, Rock (Eucnide), Loasaceae
Neuradaceae, Malvales
Ngaio (Myoporum), Scrophulariaceae
Nicobar breadfruit (Pandanus), Pandanaceae
Nightshade, Deadly (Atropa), Solanaceae
Nightshade, Stinking (Hyoscyamus), Solanaceae
Nightshade, Woody (Solanum), Solanaceae
Nire (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Nitrariaceae, Sapindales
Nolanaceae, in Solanaceae
Nothofagaceae, Fagales
Nutmeg (Myristica), Myristicaceae
Nyatah (Palaquium), Sapotaceae
Nyctaginaceae, Caryophyllales
Nymphaeaceae, Nymphaeales
Nymphaeales, Early-branching order
Nymphoides, Menyanthaceae
Nyssaceae, in Cornaceae
Oak (Quercus), Fagaceae
Oak, Tan (Lithocarpus), Fagaceae
Oat (Avena), Poaceae
Ombu (Phytolacca), Phytolaccaceae
Oca (Oxalis), Oxalidaceae
14
Oca quina (Ullucus), Basellaceae
Ochna, Ochnaceae
Ochnaceae, Malpighiales
Ocotillo (Fouquieria), Fouquieriaceae
Octoknemaceae, Santalales
Okra (Abelmoschus), Malvaceae
Olacaceae, Santalales
Oleaceae, Lamiales
Oleander (Nerium), Apocynaceae
Olearia, Asteraceae
Oleaster (Elaeagnus), Elaeagnaceae
Oliniaceae, in Penaeaceae
Olive (Olea), Oleaceae
Olive, Ceylon (Elaeocarpus), Elaeocarpaceae
Olivillo (Aextoxicon), Aextoxicaceae
Ombu (Phytolacca), Phytolaccaceae
Omu (Entandrophragma), Meliaceae
Onagraceae, Myrtales
Oncothecaceae, Lamiids
Onion (Allium), Amaryllidaceae
Opepe (Nauclea), Rubiaceae
Opiliaceae, Santalales
Opium (Papaver), Papaveraceae
Opopanax, Apiaceae
Orache (Atriplex), Amaranthaceae
Orange (Citrus), Rutaceae
Orchid (many genera), Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae, Asparagales
Oregano (Origanum), Lamiaceae
Oregano, Mexican (Lippia), Verbenaceae
Orobanchaceae, Lamiales
Osage orange (Maclura), Moraceae
Osier (Salix), Salicaceae
Osmanthus, Oleaceae
Otaheite gooseberry (Phyllanthus), Phyllanthaceae
Ovoga wood (Poga), Anisophylleaceae
Oxalidaceae, Oxalidales
Oxalidales, Fabids
Pachysandra, Buxaceae
Padauk wood (Pterocarpus), Fabaceae
Paeoniaceae, Saxifragales
Pagoda tree (Styphnolobium), Fabaceae
Palm (many genera), Arecaceae
Palm oil (Elaeis), Arecaceae
Palmyra palm (Borassus), Arecaceae
Panama hat plant (Carludovica), Cyclanthaceae
Pandaceae, Malpighiales
Pandanaceae, Pandanales
Pansy (Viola), Violaceae
Papaveraceae, Ranunculales
Papaw (Asimina), Annonaceae
Papaya (Carica), Caricaceae
Papyrus (Cyperus), Cyperaceae
Paracryphiaceae, Paracryphiales,
Paracryphiales, Campanulids
Paradise nut (Lecythis), Lecythidaceae
Parchment-bark (Pittosporum), Pittosporaceae
Paris, Melanthiaceae
Parnassia, Celastraceae
Paropsia, Passifloraceae
Parsley (Petroselinum), Apiaceae
Parsnip (Pastinaca), Apiaceae
Passifloraceae, Malpighiales
Passion flower (Passiflora), Passifloraceae
Passionfruit (Passiflora), Passifloraceae
Patchouli (Pogostemon), Lamiaceae
Pau marfin (Balfourodendron), Rutaceae
Paulownia, Paulowniaceae
Paulowniaceae, Lamiales
Pawpaw (Asimina), Annonaceae
Pea (Pisum), Fabaceae
Pea, sweet (Lathyrus), Fabaceae
Peach (Prunus), Rosaceae
Peanut (Archis), Fabaceae
Pear (Pyrus), Rosaceae
Pear, African (Dacryodes), Burseraceae
Pear, African (Manilkara), Sapotaceae
Pear, Prickly (Opuntia), Cactaceae
Pearwood, African (Baillonella), Sapotaceae
Pearlwort (Sagina & Colobanthus), Caryophyllaceae
Pecan (Carya), Juglandaceae
Pedaliaceae, Lamiales
Peepul (Ficus), Moraceae
Pelargonium, Geraniaceae
Pellicieraceae, in Tetrameristaceae
Pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria), Urticaceae
Peltanthera, Gesneriaceae
Penaeaceae, Myrtales
Pennantiaceae, Apiales
Pennyroyal (Mentha), Lamiaceae
Pennywort, Water (Hydrocotyle), Araliaceae
Pentadiplandraceae, Brassicales
Pentaphragmataceae, Asterales
Pentaphylacaceae, Ericales
Peony (Paeonia), Paeoniaceae
Peperomiaceae, in Piperaceae
Pepper (Piper), Piperaceae
Pepper (Capsicum), Solanaceae
Pepper, Betel (Piper), Piperaceae
Pepper, Sichuan/Szechuan (Zanthoxylum),
Rutaceae
Pepper, Tasmanian (Drimys = Tasmannia),
Winteraceae
Pepper elder (Piper & Peperomia), Piperaceae
Peppercress (Lepidium), Brassicaceae
Pequi (Caryocar), Caryocaraceae
Pera, Peraceae
Peraceae, Malpighiales
Peridiscaceae, Saxifragales
Perilla, Lamiaceae
Periwinkle (Vinca), Apocynaceae
Periwinkle, Madagascar (Catharanthus),
15
Apocynaceae
Peroba, White (Paratecoma), Bignoniaceae
Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma) , Apocynaceae
Persimmon (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Petai (Parkia), Fabaceae
Petermanniaceae, Liliales
Petiveria, Phytolaccaceae
Petroleum nut (Pittosporum), Pittosporaceae
Petrosaviaceae, Monocots
Petunia, Solanaceae
Peyote (Lophophora), Cactaceae
Phacelia, Boraginaceae
Phellinaceae, Asterales
Philadelphus, Hydrangeaceae
Philesiaceae, Liliales
Philodendron, Araceae
Philydraceae, Commelinales
Phlox, Polemoniaceae
Phormium, Xanthorrhoeaceae
Phrym(at)aceae, Lamiales
Phyllanthaceae, Malpighiales
Phyllonomaceae, Aquifoliales
Physenaceae, Caryophyllales
Phytolaccaceae, Caryophyllales
Pickrel weed (Pontederia), Pontederiaceae
Picramniaceae, Picramniales
Picramniales, Malvids
Picrodendraceae, Malpighiales
Pieris, Ericaceae
Pilea, Urticaceae
Pili nut (Canarium), Burseraceae
Pimpernel (Anagallis), Primulaceae
Pineapple (Ananas), Bromeliaceae
Pinedrops (Pterospora), Ericaceae
Pink (Dianthus), Caryophyllaceae
Piperaceae, Piperales
Piperales, Magnoliids
Pipevine (Aristolochia), Aristolochiaceae
Pipewort (Eriocaulon), Eriocaulaceae
Pistachio (Pistacia), Anacardiaceae
Pitchapple (Clusia), Clusiaceae
Pitcher plants, several families: Nepenthaceae,
Sarraceniaceae & Cephalotaceae
Pittosporum, Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae, Apiales
Plane tree (Platanus), Platanaceae
Plantaginaceae, Lamiales
Plantain (Musa), Musaceae
Plantain (Plantago), Plantaginaceae
Plantain, Floating water (Luronium), Alismataceae
Plantain, Water (Alisma), Alismataceae
Plantago, Plantaginaceae
Platanaceae, Proteales
Platycarpum, Rubiaceae
Platycodon, Campanulaceae
Plocospermataceae, Lamiales
Plum (Prunus), Rosaceae
Plum, Australian native, (Sideroxylon ), Sapotaceae
Plum, Yellow (Ximenia), Ximeniaceae
Plumbaginaceae, Caryophyllales
Plumbago, Plumbaginaceae
Poaceae, Poales
Poached egg plant (Limnanthes), Limnanthaceae
Pod grass (Scheuchzeria), Scheuchzeriaceae
Podophyllaceae, in Berberidaceae
Podostemaceae, Malpighiales
Poison ivy (Toxicodendron = Rhus), Anacardiaceae
Poisonleaf (Dichapetalum), Dichapetalaceae
Pokeweed (Phytolacca), Phytolaccaceae
Polemoniaceae, Ericales
Polemonium, Polemoniaceae
Polygalaceae, Fabales
Polygonaceae, Polygonales
Polyosomaceae, in Escalloniaceae
Pomegranate (Punica), Lythraceae
Pomelo (Citrus), Rutaceae
Pondweed (Potamogeton), Potamogetonaceae
Pondweed, Canadian (Elodea), Hydrocharitaceae
Pondweed, Cape (Aponogeton), Aponogetonaceae
Pontederiaceae, Commelinales
Popcorn-flower (Cryptantha & Plagiobothrys),
Boraginaceae
Poplar (Populus), Salicaceae
Poplar, Balsam (Populus), Salicaceae
Poppy (Papaver & Meconopsis), Papaveraceae
Poppy, California (Eschscholzia), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Desert bearpaw (Arctomecon),
Papaveraceae
Poppy, Horned (Glaucium), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Matilija (Romneya), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Nepal (Meconopsis), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Prickly (Argemone), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Pygmy (Canbya), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Tree (Dendromecon & Romneya),
Papaveraceae
Poppy, Tulip (Hunnemannia), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Water (Hydrocleys), Alismataceae
Poppy, Welsh (Meconopsis), Papaveraceae
Poppy, Wind (Stylomecon), Papaveraceae
Portulacaceae, Caryophyllales
Posidoniaceae, Alismatales
Potaliaceae, in Gentianaceae
Potamogetonaceae, Alismatales
Potato (Solanum), Solanaceae
Potato, Sweet (Ipomoea), Convolvulaceae
Pottingeriaceae, in Celastraceae
Prayer plant (Maranta & Calathea), Marantaceae
Prickly pear (Opuntia), Cactaceae
Primrose (Primula), Primulaceae
Primulaceae, Ericales
Privet (Ligustrum), Oleaceae
Protea, Proteaceae
Proteaceae, Proteales
Proteales, Early-branching Eudicot
16
Psiloxylaceae, in Myrtaceae
Ptaeroxylaceae, in Rutaceae
Pulque (Agave), Asparagaceae
Pumpkin (Cucurbita), Cucurbitaceae
Punicaceae, in Lythraceae
Punnai oil (Calophyllum), Calophyllaceae
Purpleheart (Peltogyne) , Fabaceae
Purslane, Summer (Portulaca), Portulacaceae
Purslane, Winter (Claytonia), Montiaceae
Purslane, Pink (Claytonia), Montiaceae
Purslane, Sea (Halimione), Amaranthaceae
Putranjivaceae, Malpighiales
Pyrolaceae, in Ericaceae
Quaruba (Vochysia), Vochysiaceae
Quassia, Simaroubaceae
Queensland walnut (Endiandra), Lauraceae
Quiinaceae, in Ochnaceae
Quillajaceae, Fabales
Quince (Cydonia & Pseudocydonia), Rosaceae
Quince, Bengal (Aegle), Rutaceae
Quince, Flowering (Chaenomeles), Rosaceae
Quinine (Cinchona), Rubiaceae
Quinoa (Chenopodium), Amaranthaceae
Quintinia, Paracryphiaceae
Radish (Raphanus), Brassicaceae
Raffia (Raphia), Arecaceae
Rafflesia, Rafflesiaceae
Rafflesiaceae, Malpighiales
Ragwort (Senecio), Asteraceae
Rain tree (Albizia), Fabaceae
Rambutan (Nephelium), Sapindaceae
Ramie fibre (Boehmeria), Urticaceae
Ramin (Gonystylus), Thymelaeaceae
Rampion (Phyteuma & Campanula), Campanulaceae
Ranunculaceae, Ranunculales
Ranunculales, Early-branching Eudicot
Raoulia, Asteraceae
Rapateaceae, Poales
Rape/Rapeseed (Brassica), Brassicaceae
Rasamala (Altingia), Altingiaceae
Rattan (various genera), Arecaceae
Rattle (Rhinanthus), Orobanchaceae
Rauli (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Red mangrove (Rhizophora), Rhizophoraceae
Red-hot poker (Kniphofia), Xanthorrhoeaceae
Reed (Phragmites, Arundo, etc.), Poaceae
Reedmace (Typha), Typhaceae
Rehmannia, Orobanchaceae (provisionally)
Resedaceae, Brassicales
Restionaceae, Poales
Retziaceae, in Stilbaceae
Rhabdodendraceae, Caryophyllales
Rhamnaceae, Rosales
Rhatany root (Krameria), Krameriaceae
Rhipogonaceae, Liliales
Rhizophoraceae, Malpighiales
Rhododendron, Ericaceae
Rhoeo = Tradescantia, Commelinaceae
Rhoipteleaceae, in Juglandaceae
Rhopalocarpaceae, in Sphaerosepalaceae
Rhubarb (Rheum), Polygonaceae
Rhynchocalycaceae, in Penaeaceae
Rhynchotheca, Vivianiaceae
Rice (Oryza), Poaceae
River oak (Casuarina), Casuarinaceae
Riverweed (Podostemon), Podostemaceae
Roble (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Rock nettle (Eucnide), Loasaceae
Rockrose (Cistus et al.), Cistaceae
Rodgersia, Saxifragaceae
Roridulaceae, Ericales
Rosaceae, Rosales
Rosales, Fabids
Rose (Rosa), Rosaceae
Rose imperial (Cochlospermum), Bixaceae
Rosemary (Rosmarinus), Lamiaceae
Rosewood, various genera, mainly Dalbergia,
Fabaceae, including Brazilian rosewood
and (East) Indian rosewood
Rosewood, Burmese (Pterocarpus), Fabaceae
Rosids, Eudicots
Rousseaceae, Asterales
Rubber (Hevea), Euphorbiaceae
Rubber tree (Ficus), Moraceae
Rubber tree, Panama (Castilla), Moraceae
Rubiaceae, Gentianales
Rudbeckia, Asteraceae
Rue (Ruta), Rutaceae
Ruppiaceae, Alismatales
Ruscus, Asparagaceae
Ruscaceae, in Asparagaceae
Rush (Juncus), Juncaceae
Rush, Cape (Chondropetalum), Restionaceae
Rush, Flowering (Butomus), Butomaceae
Russian vine (Fallopia), Polygonaceae
Rutaceae, Sapindales
Rye (Secale), Poaceae
Sabiaceae, Early-branching Eudicots
Saccifoliaceae, in Gentianaceae
Sacred bamboo (Nandina), Berberidaceae
Sacred lotus, see Lotus
Saffron (Crocus), Iridaceae
Saffron, Meadow (Colchicum), Colchicaceae
Sage (Salvia), Lamiaceae
Sage, Antelope (Eriogonum), Polygonaceae
Sage, Jerusalem (Phlomis), Lamiaceae
Sage, Russian (Perovskia), Lamiaceae
Sage, Texas (Leucophyllum), Plantaginaceae
17
Sage, Wood (Teucrium), Lamiaceae
Sagebrush (Artemisia), Asteraceae
Sago (Metroxylon), Arecaceae
Saguaro (Carnegiea), Cactaceae
St. Johns wort (Hypericum), Clusiaceae
Sakaki (Cleyera), Pentaphylacaceae
Salep (Orchis), Orchidaceae
Salicaceae, Malpighiales
Sallow (Salix), Salicaceae
Saltbush (Atriplex), Amaranthaceae
Saltwort (Batis), Bataceae
Saltwort (Salicornia & Salsola), Amaranthaceae
Salvadoraceae, Brassicales
Samphire, Golden (Inula), Asteraceae
Samphire, Marsh (Salicornia), Amaranthaceae
Samphire, Rock (Crithmum), Apiaceae
Samydaceae, in Salicaceae
Sand apple (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Sand apple (Parinari), Chrysobalanaceae
Sandalwood (Santalum), Santalaceae
Sanicle (Sanicula), Apiaceae
Sanseviera = Dracaena, Asparagaceae
Santalaceae, Santalales
Santalales, Eudicots
Sapele (Entandrophragma), Meliaceae
Sapindaceae, Sapindales
Sapindales, Malvids
Sapodilla (Manilkara), Sapotaceae
Sapotaceae, Ericales
Sapota/e (Manilkara), Sapotaceae
Sapote, Black (Diospyros), Ebenaceae
Sapote, Mamey (Pouteria), Sapotaceae
Sarcolaenaceae, Malvales
Sarcospermataceae, in Sapotaceae
Sargentodoxaceae, in Lardizabalaceae
Sarraceniaceae, Ericales
Sarsaparilla (Smilax), Smilacaceae
Sassafras, Lauraceae
Sassafras, Blackheart (or Southern/Tasmanian)
(Atherosperma) Atherospermataceae
Satinleaf (Chrysophyllum), Sapotaceae
Satinwood, Ceylon or East Indian
(Chloroxylon), Rutaceae
Satinwood, Jamaican or West Indian
(Zanthoxylum), Rutaceae
Saururaceae, Piperales
Sausage tree, usually (Kigelia), Bignoniaceae
Sauvagesiaceae, in Ochnaceae
Savory (Summer & Winter) (Satureja), Lamiaceae
Saxifragaceae, Saxifragales
Saxifrage (Saxifraga), Saxifragaceae
Scabious, Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacaceae)
Schefflera, Araliaceae
Scheuchzeriaceae, Alismatales
Schisandraceae, Austrobaileyales
Schoepfiaceae, Santalales
Schlegeliaceae, Lamiales
Screw pines (Pandanus), Pandanaceae
Scrophulariaceae, Lamiales
Scyphostegiaceae, in Salicaceae
Scytopetalaceae, in Lecythidaceae
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae), Elaeagnaceae
Sea heath (Frankenia), Frankeniaceae
Sea holly (Acanthus), Acanthaceae
Sea holly (Eryngium), Apiaceae
Sea lavender (Limonium), Plumbaginaceae
Sea lettuce (Scaevola), Goodeniaceae
Sedge (usually Carex), Cyperaceae
Selago, Scrophulariaceae
Self-heal (Prunella & Stachys), Lamiaceae
Semolina (Triticum), Poaceae
Senecio, Asteraceae
Senega root (Polygala), Polygalaceae
Senna, Fabaceae
Sesame (Sesamum), Pedaliaceae
Setchellanthaceae, Brassicales
She-oak (Casuarina & Allocasuarina),
Casuarinaceae
Shea (butter) (Vitellaria), Sapotaceae
Shisham wood, (Dalbergia), Fabaceae
Shoal grass (Halodule), Cymodoceaceae
Shorea, Dipterocarpaceae
Shortia, Diapensiaceae
Silk-tassle bush (Garrya), Garryaceae
Silk vine (Periploca), Apocynaceae
Silvianthus, Carlemanniaceae
Silver ash (Flindersia), Rutaceae
Silverbells (Halesia), Styracaceae
Simaroubaceae, Sapindales
Simmondsiaceae, Caryophyllales
Siparunaceae, Laurales
Siphonodontaceae, in Celastraceae
Sipo (Entandrophragma), Meliaceae
Sisal (Agave), Asparagaceae
Sissoo wood, (Dalbergia), Fabaceae
Sladeniaceae, Ericales
Smilacaceae, Liliales
Smilax, Smilacaceae
Smoketree/bush (Cotinus), Anacardiaceae
Smoketree (Psorothamnus), Fabaceae
Snake-root (Ageratum), Asteraceae
Snake-root (Eupatorium), Asteraceae
Snake-root, Indian (Rauwolfia), Apocynaceae
Snake-root, Virginian (Aristolochia),
Aristolochiaceae
Snake-root, Black (Cimifuga), Ranunculaceae
Snake-root, Black (Sanicula), Apiaceae
Snakewood (Acacia), Fabaceae
Snakewood (Brosimum = Piratinera), Moraceae
Snakewood (Colubrina), Rhamnaceae
Snapdragon (Antirrhinum), Plantaginaceae
Sneezewood (Ptaeroxylon), Rutaceae
Snowberry (Symphoricarpos), Caprifoliaceae
Snowberry (Chiococca), Rubiaceae
18
Snowbush, Hawaiian (Breynia), Phyllanthaceae
Snowdrop (Galanthus), Amaryllidaceae
Soapberry (Sapindus), Sapindaceae
Soapberry (Shepherdia), Elaeagnaceae
Soapwood (Caryocar), Caryocaraceae
Soapwood (Pithecellobium), Fabaceae
Solanaceae, Solanales
Solanales, Lamiids
Soldanella, Primulaceae
Sonneratiaceae, in Lythraceae
Sorghum, Poaceae
Sorrel (Rumex), Polygonaceae
Sorrel, Wood (Oxalis), Oxalidaceae
Souari nut (Caryocar), Caryocaraceae
Soursop (Annona), Annonaceae
Sourwood (Oxydendrum), Ericaceae
Southern beech (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Southernwood (Artemisia), Asteraceae
Sow thistle (Sonchus), Asteraceae
Soya (Glycine), Fabaceae
Spanish moss (Tillandsia), Bromeliaceae
Sparganiaceae, in Typhaceae
Spectacle fruit (Wislizenia), Cleomaceae
Sphaerosepalaceae, Malvales
Sphenocleaceae, Solanales
Sphenostemon, Paracryphiaceae
Spiderwort (Tradescantia), Commelinaceae
Spikenard (Nardostachys), Caprifoliaceae (Valeri-
anaceae)
Spinach (Spinacia), Amaranthaceae
Spinach, Indian/Malabar (Basella), Basellaceae
Spindle tree (Euonymus), Celastraceae
Spiraea, Rosaceae
Spring beauty (Claytonia), Montiaceae
Spurge (Euphorbia), Euphorbiaceae
Squash (Cucurbita), Cucurbitaceae
Squill (Scilla), Asparagaceae
Stachyuraceae, Crossosomatales
Stackhousiaceae, in Celastraceae
Staff-tree (Celastrus), Celastraceae
Staphyleaceae, Crossosomatales
Star anise (Illicium), Schisandraceae
Star apple (Chrysophyllum), Sapotaceae
Starwort (Callitriche), Plantaginaceae
Stemonaceae, Pandanales
Stemonuraceae, Aquifoliales
Sterculiaceae, in Malvaceae
Stilbaceae, Lamiales
Stinkwoods (see below, also Foetidia,
Lecythidaceae; Gyrocarpus, Hernandiaceae;
Zieria, Rutaceae, etc.)
Stinkwood, Cape/Black (Ocotea), Lauraceae
Stinkwood, Green (Jacksonia), Fabaceae
Stinkwood, Grey (Jacksonia), Fabaceae
Stinkwood, Red (Prunus), Rosaceae
Stinkwood, White (Celtis), Cannabaceae
Stixaceae, Brassicales
Stock (Matthiola), Brassicaceae
Stock, Virginia (Malcolmia), Brassicaceae
Stonecrop (Sedum), Crassulaceae
Storax (Styrax), Styracaceae
Strawberry (Fragaria), Rosaceae
Strawberry tree (Arbutus), Ericaceae
Strelitziaceae, Zingiberales
Streptocarpus, Gesneriaceae
Stripeseed (Piriqueta), Passifloraceae
Strombosiaceae, Santalales
Strychnine (Strychnos), Loganiaceae
Stylidiaceae, Asterales
Stylobasiaceae, in Surianaceae
Styracaceae, Ericales
Styrax, Styracaceae
Sugar beet (Beta), Amaranthaceae
Sugar cane (Saccharum), Poaceae
Sumac(h) (Rhus), Anacardiaceae
Sun cup (Camissonia), Onagraceae
Sundew (Drosera), Droseraceae
Sunflower (Helianthus), Asteraceae
Sunrose (Helianthemum), Cistaceae
Surette (Byrsonima), Malpighiaceae
Surianaceae, Fabales
Sweet chestnut (Castanea), Fagaceae
Sweet flag (Acorus), Acoraceae
Sweet gale (Myrica), Myricaceae
Sweet neem = Curry tree
Sweet pea (Lathyrus), Fabaceae
Sweet potato (Ipomoea), Convolvulaceae
Sweetgum (Liquidambar), Altingiaceae
Sweetleaf (Sauropus), Phyllanthaceae
Sweetleaf (Stevia), Asteraceae
Sweetleaf (Symplocos), Symplocaceae
Sweetshrub (Calycanthus), Calycanthaceae
Sweetsop (Annona), Annonaceae
Sweetspire (Itea), Iteaceae
Sycamore [UK] (Acer), Sapindaceae
Sycamore [NAm] (Platanus), Platanaceae
(applied to other genera elsewhere)
Symphoricarpos, Caprifoliaceae
Symplocaceae, Ericales
Tabonuco (Dacryodes), Burseraceae
Taccaceae, in Dioscoreaceae (provisionally)
Talipot (Corypha), Arecaceae
Tamanu oil (Calophyllum), Calophyllaceae
Tamaricaceae, Caryophyllales
Tamarind (Tamarindus), Fabaceae
Tamarisk (Tamarix), Tamaricaceae
Tambalacoque (Sideroxylon), Sapotaceae
Tan oak (Lithocarpus), Fagaceae
Tansy (Tanacetum), Asteraceae
Tapioca (Manihot), Euphorbiaceae
Tara vine (Actinidia), Actinidiaceae
Tarata (Pittosporum), Pittosporaceae
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Taro (Colocasia, also Alocasia, Amorphophallus,
Cyrtosperma & Xanthosoma), Araceae
Tarragon (Artemisia), Asteraceae
Tasmanian laurel (Anopterus), Escalloniaceae
Tawhai (Nothofagus), Nothofagaceae
Tea (Camellia), Theaceae
Tea, Bogata (Symplocos), Symplocaceae
Tea, Labrador (Ledum), Ericaceae
Tea tree (Melaleuca), Myrtaceae
Teak (Tectona), Lamiaceae
Teasel (Dipsacus), Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacaceae)
Tecophilaeaceae, Asparagales
Tef (Eragrostis), Poaceae
Tepuianthus, Thymelaeaceae
Tequila (Agave), Asparagaceae
Ternstroemiaceae, in Pentaphylacaceae
Tetracentraceae, in Trochodendraceae
Tetrachondraceae, Lamiales
Tetramelaceae, Cucurbitales
Tetrameristaceae, Ericales
Theaceae, Ericales
Theligonaceae, in Rubiaceae
Themidaceae, in Asparagaceae
Theophrastaceae, in Primulaceae
Thesiaceae, in Santalaceae
Thismia, Burmanniaceae (provisionally)
Thismiaceae, in Burmanniaceae (provisionally)
Thistle (Carduus, Cirsium, Onopordum etc.),
Asteraceae
Thistle, Globe (Echinops), Asteraceae
Thistle, Sow (Sonchus), Asteraceae
Thomandersiacae, Lamiales
Thorn apple (Datura), Solanaceae
Thrift (Armeria), Plumbaginaceae
Throatwort (Trachelium), Campanulaceae
Thunbergia, Acanthaceae
Thurniaceae, Poales
Thyme (Thymus), Lamiaceae
Thymelaeaceae, Malvales
Ticodendraceae, Fagales
Tigerwood (Astronium), Anacardiaceae
Tigerwood (Coula), Coulaceae
Tigerwood (Lovoa), Meliaceae
Tiliaceae, in Malvaceae
Tipu (Tipuana), Fabaceae
Titi (Cliftonia & Cyrilla), Cyrillaceae
Toadflax (Linaria), Plantaginaceae
Tobacco (Nicotiana), Solanaceae
Tolu balsam (Myroxylon), Fabaceae
Tomato (Solanum), Solanaceae
Toon (Toona), Meliaceae
Toquilla straw plant (Carludovica), Cyclanthaceae
Torchwood (Amyris), Rutaceae
Torenia, Linderniaceae
Torote (Bursera), Burseraceae
Torricelliaceae, Apiales
Tovariaceae, Brassicales
Trapa, Lythraceae
Trapaceae, in Lythraceae
Travellers palm (Ravenala), Strelitziaceae
Tree of heaven (Ailanthus), Simaroubaceae
Tremandraceae, in Elaeocarpaceae
Tribelaceae, in Escalloniaceae
Trichostephanus, in Salicaceae (provisionally)
Trigger plant (Stylidium), Stylidiaceae
Trigoniaceae, Malpighiales
Trillium, Melanthiaceae
Trimeniaceae, Austrobaileyales
Trincomali wood (Berrya), Malvaceae
Triuridaceae, Pandanales
Trochodendraceae, Trochodendrales
Trochodendrales, Eudicots
Tropaeolaceae, Brassicales
Trumpet vine (Campsis), Bignoniaceae
Tulip (Tulipa), Liliaceae
Tulip tree (Liriodendron), Magnoliaceae
Tummy wood (Careya), Lecythidaceae
Tung tree (Vernicia), Euphorbiaceae
Tupelo (Nyssa), Cornaceae
Turmeric (Curcuma), Zingiberaceae
Turneraceae, in Passifloraceae
Turnip (Brassica), Brassicaceae
Turtle grass (Thalassia), Hydrocharitaceae
Tutsan (Hypericum), Clusiaceae
Typhaceae, Poales
Udo (Aralia), Araliaceae
Ulmaceae, Rosales
Ulmo (Eucryphia), Cunoniaceae
Unicorn plant (Proboscidea), Martyniaceae
Urticaceae, Rosales
Valerian (Valeriana), Caprifoliaceae (Valerianaceae) West Indian boxwood (Tabebuia), Bignoniaceae
Valerianaceae, in Caprifoliaceae
Vanilla, Orchidaceae
Velloziaceae, Pandanales
Venus fly-trap (Dionaea), Droseraceae
Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae
Verbena, Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae, Lamiales
Veronica, Plantaginaceae
Vervain (Verbena), Verbenaceae
Vetch (Vicia), Fabaceae
Vetchling (Lathyrus), Fabaceae
Vetiver (Chrysopogon), Poaceae
Viburnum, Adoxaceae
Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria), Polygonaceae
Violaceae, Malpighiales
Violet (Viola), Violaceae
Violet, African (Saintpaulia), Gesneriaceae
Viscaceae, Santalaceae
Vitaceae, Eudicots
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Vivianiaceae, Geraniales
Vochysiaceae, Myrtales
Wallflower (Erysimum & Cheiranthus), Brassicaceae
Walnut (Juglans), Juglandaceae
Walnut, African (Coula), Coulaceae
Water caltrop (Trapa), Lythraceae
Water canna (Thalia), Marantaceae
Water chestnut (Eleocharis), Cyperaceae
Water hawthorn (Aponogeton), Aponogetonaceae
Water hemlock (Cicuta), Apiaceae
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia), Pontederiaceae
Water lily, various genera in Nymphaeaceae,
Nelumbonaceae & Cabombaceae
Water melon (Citrullus), Cucurbitaceae
Water milfoil (Myriophyllum), Haloragaceae
Water pennywort (Hydrocotyle), Araliaceae
Water plantain (Alisma), Alismataceae
Water plantain, Floating (Luronium), Alismataceae
Water poppy (Hydrocleys), Alismataceae
Water-shield (Brasenia), Cabombaceae
Water-shield, Carolina (Cabomba), Cabombaceae
Water starwort (Callitriche), Plantaginaceae
Watercress (Nasturtium), Brassicaceae
Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum), Boraginaceae
Waterleaf (Talinum), Talinaceae
Waterwort (Elatine), Elatinaceae
Wattle (Acacia), Fabaceae
Wax myrtle (Myrica), Myricaceae
Waxplant (Hoya), Apocynaceae
Weigela, Caprifoliaceae (Diervillaceae)
Weld (Reseda), Resedaceae
Wellstediaceae, in Boraginaceae
West Indian bay tree (Pimenta), Myrtaceae
West Indian boxwood (Casearia), Salicaceae
West Indian boxwood (Phyllostylon), Ulmaceae
Wheat (Triticum), Poaceae
White beech (Gmelina), Lamiaceae
White mangrove (Avicenna), Acanthaceae
White mangrove (Conocarpus, Languncularia
& Lumnitzera), Combretaceae
White pear, African (Apodytes),
Icacinaceae (provisionally)
Widgeon grass (Ruppia), Ruppiaceae
Willow (Salix), Salicaceae
Willow myrtle (Agonis), Myrtaceae
Willowherb (Epilobium), Onagraceae
Wingnut (Pterocarya), Juglandaceae
Winter cress (Barbarea), Brassicaceae
Winters bark (Drimys), Winteraceae
Winteraceae, Canellales
Winterberry (Ilex), Aquifoliaceae
Wintergreen (Gaultheria), Ericaceae
Wintergreen (Pyrola and related genera), Ericaceae
Wintergreen oil, various families and genera,
 including above, also Betula & Spiraea
Wire-netting bush (Corokia), Argophyllaceae
Wishbone flower (Torenia), Linderniaceae
Witch hazel (Hamamelis), Hamamelidaceae
Wolfberry (Lycium), Solanaceae
Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos), Caprifoliaceae
Wood sage (Teucrium), Lamiaceae
Wood sorrel (Oxalis), Oxalidaceae
Woodrush (Luzula), Juncaceae
Wormwood (Artemisia), Asteraceae
Woundwort (Stachys), Lamiaceae

Xanthophyllaceae, in Polygalaceae
Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asparagales
Xeronemataceae, Asparagales
Ximeniaceae, Santalales
Xyridaceae, Poales

Yam (Dioscorea), Dioscoreaceae

Yam [mainly USA] (Ipomoea), Convolvulaceae
Yarrow (Achillea), Asteraceae
Yellow birds nest (Monotropa), Ericaceae
Yellow-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium), Iridaceae
Yellow-eyed grass (Xyris), Xyridaceae
Yerba mansa (Anemopsis), Saururaceae
Yerba mate (Ilex), Aquifoliaceae
Yerba santa (Eriodictyon), Boraginaceae
Yerba santa (Piper), Piperaceae
Ylang-ylang (Cananga), Annonaceae
Yucca, Asparagaceae

Zannichelliaceae, in Potamogetonaceae
Zapote = Sapote (Manilkara), Sapotaceae
Zebra-wood, usually Microberlinia, Fabaceae,
also Connarus, Connaraceae and others
Zelkova, Ulmaceae
Zingiberaceae, Zingiberales
Zingiberales, Monocots
Zinnia, Asteraceae
Zosteraceae, Alismatales
Zucchini (Cucurbita), Cucurbitaceae
Zygophyllaceae, Zygophyllales
Zygophyllales, Fabids

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