Timeline 1

Timeline Documenting Historical Moments of Canadian Indigenous Peoples
Approximate Event/Significance Source

Date
Fishing fleets from Europe begin to arrive along the eastern coast of Canada. Significance: The Canadian History and the Indian
1497 Residential School System
beginning of European/First Nations contact
YouTube URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI
French expansion in Upper Canada Canadian History and the Indian

1542-1670 Residential School System
1580: beaver fur trade was established
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1608: European colonies began to settle along the St. Lawrence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
1670: Hudsons Bay company is given English charter to exploit resources in Ruperts Land 93hCOI
1620 The Earliest Missionary School (Residential School) was established near Quebec City by the http://wherearethechildren.ca/e
Recollets (A religious order from France). Significance: The beginning of attempts to assimilate. n/timeline/#8
Where are the Children
Alliances are built between some First Nations and European powers. Significance: A Canadian History and the Indian
mutual respect is created (or perceived) YouTube URL:
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1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1793: notes aboriginal claims to lands and says treaties with http://wherearethechildren.ca/e
Aboriginals will be handled by the Crown. Significance: Recognizes that First Nations have n/timeline/#8
rights to land. Where are the Children
The war of 1812. First Nations fought on either side (British and United States). Notably Tecumseh Canadian History and the Indian
who fought to gain back reserve land lost during the American Revolution. Significance: First
YouTube URL:
Nations play a role in the formation of our Nation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI
1831 The Mohawk Indian Residential School opens in Brantford, ON. Significance: The beginning of a http://wherearethechildren.ca/e
dark period in our history. n/timeline/#8
Canadian History and the Indian
Residential School System
YouTube URL:
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Bagot Commission Report states that separation of children from their parents would be the best Canadian History and the Indian
way to achieve assimilation.
YouTube URL:
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1847 Egerton Ryerson, Superintendent for Education, (for whom the University I attended was named http://wherearethechildren.ca/e
after), reiterated the idea that children should be separated from their parents in order to achieve n/timeline/#8
assimilation. In his Report on Native Education (1847), he recommended that Aboriginal education Where are the Children
focus on religious instruction and agriculture.
1857 The Gradual Civilization Act is passed which requires Indian males over the age of 21 who can http://wherearethechildren.ca/e
speak, read, and write english or french to become British Subjects and renounce their status as n/timeline/#8
Indians. This Act called for All Indians to be civilized. Where are the Children
British North America Act gave federal responsibilities for First NAtions and land reserved for First Canadian History and the Indian
Nations
YouTube URL:
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Louis Riel leads the Red River Rebellion Canadian History and the Indian
YouTube URL:
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1876 The Indian Act became Law. The Indian Act gave the government the right to create legislation https://www.youtube.com/watc
regarding Aboriginals and land. Education for First Nations was now a federal responsibility. First h?v=i8QmxU6IZHw
Nations people become wards of the State. Indian agents control all aspects of Indian life and Canadian Aboriginal History: "Did You
Know"? (part 1 of 2)
freedoms.
http://wherearethechildren.ca/e
n/timeline/#8
The Davin Report, written by Nicholas Flood Davin (lawyer, journalist and politician) recommends Canadian History and the Indian
that the federal government create an industrial school-system where Aboriginal children are
YouTube URL:
removed from their families in order to reduce cultural influences http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni
cholas_Flood_Davin
1884 Traditional Ceremonies (Potlatch) are outlawed. Significance: Century old traditions are deemed https://www.youtube.com/watc
irrelevant. h?v=i8QmxU6IZHw
Canadian Aboriginal History: "Did You
1885 Aboriginal people won the right to vote. This was repealed due to outcry by general population https://www.youtube.com/watc
Louis Riel led the North West Rebellion. Troops are sent to dismantle the rebellion. Louis Riel is h?v=i8QmxU6IZHw
captured and hanged. Canadian Aboriginal History: "Did You
Pass Laws are put into effect which prevent First Nations people from leaving their territory without Canadian History and the Indian
permission from Indian agents.
YouTube URL:
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Residential school agreements begin between Christian churches and Federal government. Canadian History and the Indian
Significance: amalgamation of Church and State is clear.
YouTube URL:
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1894 Prohibition against traditional dancing. It is now illegal for First Nations to celebrate traditions https://www.youtube.com/watc
through dance. h?v=i8QmxU6IZHw
Canadian Aboriginal History: "Did You
Federal government enacts Indian education policy which states that educational focus for First Canadian History and the Indian
Nation boys was agriculture and for girls, housekeeping. Significance: Indigenous students
YouTube URL:
academic growth is deemed worthless. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
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Revision to Indian Act: First Nations can be removed from reserves if they are within close Canadian History and the Indian
1906
proximity to large cities. Residential School System
YouTube URL:
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First Nations children between 7 and 15 are legally forced to attend residential and industrial Canadian History and the Indian
schools.
YouTube URL:
Police officers arrest children and take them away from their families. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI
3000+ status Indians enlisted in WW11. Significance: Although severely mistreated as a people, Canadian History and the Indian
Indigenous people fight alongside non-indigenous for democratic freedoms.
YouTube URL:
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Provincial curriculum standards are applied to residential schools and some First Nations students Canadian History and the Indian
are integrated into regular schools. Significance: A clear message that there is a problem with the
YouTube URL:
residential school system. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI
Revision to Indian Act: restrictions on Potlatch and gatherings are removed. Significance: Some Canadian History and the Indian
fundamental traditions are restored
YouTube URL:
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Residential school closures are recommended since assimilation is clearly not occurring and Canadian History and the Indian
education levels of students in the system are much lower than within the public school system.
YouTube URL:
Significance: The beginning of the end of a horrible period in our history. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI
1960 Aboriginal people were granted permission to vote in Federal elections without losing Indian https://www.youtube.com/watc
status. Significance: progress is being made towards recognizing Aboriginal people as members of h?v=i8QmxU6IZHw
society. Canadian Aboriginal History: "Did You
1972 A document titled Indian Control of Indian Education was released by the Assembly of First http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/abo
Nations. The document emphasized a need for control of First Nation education by First Nation riginal/fnmiFramework.pdf T he
Ontario First Nation, Mtis, and Inuit
people and made note of the need for more involvement of First Nation parents in the education of Education Policy Framework
their children. Significance: First Nation people are fighting back against educational injustices.
1982 The Constitution Act enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedoms into the Constitution. It placed https://www.canada.ca/en/can
guarantees that any Aboriginal treaty or other rights and freedoms shall be recognized and adian-heritage.html
adhered to. Canadian Heritage Site
The guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as
to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain
to the aboriginal peoples of Canada including:
(a) any rights or freedoms that have been recognized by the Royal Proclamation
of October 7, 1763; and
(b) any rights or freedoms that now exist by way of land claims agreements or
may be so acquired.
The last residential school closes. Canadian History and the Indian
YouTube URL:
93hCOI
1990 Human Rights Code, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.19 (revised statute of Ontario) guarantees equal opportunity for all. https://www.ontario.ca/laws/sta
States that every person should have freedom from discrimination regardless of race, ancestry, place of tute/90h19
origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, Human Rights Code
age, marital status, family status, disability or the receipt of public assistance.
Churches begin apologizing for their roles in the development of residential schools. Canadian History and the Indian
1991-1998 Residential School System
YouTube URL:
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples calls for public inquiry on the effects of the residential schools Canadian History and the Indian
YouTube URL:
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Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologizes for the Canadian Government's role in the residential school Canadian History and the Indian
system. Significance: The Canadian government finally takes responsibility and ownership of injustices that
YouTube URL:
occurred from the residential school system. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-28Z
93hCOI

Timeline 1

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Timeline Documenting Historical Moments of Canadian Indigenous Peoples

Approximate Event/Significance Source

French expansion in Upper Canada Canadian History and the Indian

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