Microstrip Filters for RF

Microwave Application

Instructor: Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu

National Taiwan University
Institute of Communications Engineering
EMC Lab

Prof. T. L. Wu

Filter networks are used to select/reject or separate/combine signals at different

frequencies in a host of RF/microwave systems and equipment. Although the
physical realization of filters at RF/microwave frequencies may vary, the circuit
network topology is common to all.

it is useful to be able to describe the operation of a microwave network such as

a filter in terms of voltages, currents, and impedances in order to make optimum
use of low-frequency network concepts.

It is the purpose of this chapter to describe various network concepts and

provide equations that are useful for the analysis of filter networks.

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu


Network Variables

Scattering Parameters

Impedance and Admittance Parameters

ABCD Parameters

Transmission Line Networks

Network Connections

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Equivalent and Dual Networks
Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Variables
Note that the voltage and current variables are complex
amplitudes when we consider sinusoidal quantities.

+
V 1 Vn
an = n (incident wave) an = ( + Z on I n )
Z on 2 Z on

Vn 1 Vn
bn = (reflected wave) bn = ( Z on I n )
Z on 2 Z on

+
Vn = Vn + Vn = Z on (an + bn ) Pn =
1
2
[ ] [
1
Re Vn I n = an an bn bn
*

2
* *
]
1 + 1
In = (Vn Vn ) = ( an bn )
Z on Z on
Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu
Scattering Parameters

V

V Z on bn
S= +
= + =
V V an
Z on

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Scattering Parameters
For filter characterization, we may define two parameters:

where LA denotes the insertion loss between ports n and m and LR represents the
return loss at port n.

The definition of VSWR is

phase delay, defined by

group delay, defined by

express the reflection parameter

S11 in terms of the terminal impedance
Z01 and the so-called input impedance

power conservation condition

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Scattering Parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Impedance & Admittance
Parameters

Vi Ii
Z ij = Yij =
Ij Vj

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Impedance & Admittance

Parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Impedance & Admittance

Parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

ABCD Parameters

A1 B1 A2 B2
C D1 C D2
1 2

V1 A1 B1 V2 A1 B1 A2 B2 V3 A B V3
I = C =
D1 I 2 C1

D1 C 2
=
D2 I 3 C

D I 3
1 1

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Some useful two-port networks
and their ABCD parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

TRANSMISSION LINE
NETWORKS

Z02

lossless

an open circuit or a short circuit at one terminal of a two-port transmission line network

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Connections

Parallel

Series

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Connections

Cascade

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Parameter Conversion

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Even and Odd Mode

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

4-port S-parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Multiport Networks

Networks that have more than two ports may be referred to as the multiport networks.

For a reciprocal network,

For lossless passive network

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Multiport Networks

Assume that an M1-port network N and an M2-port network N connect each other at c
pairs of ports.

where

all the connections satisfy the relations

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Multiport Networks

using

using

where

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Equivalent and Dual Networks
Two networks are said to be equivalent if the matrices of their corresponding network parameters are equal,
irrespective of the fact that the networks may differ greatly in their configurations and in the number of
elements possessed by each.

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

Equivalent and Dual Networks

In accordance with this definition, an inductance of x henries is dual to a capacitance of x

farads, a resistance of x ohms is dual to a conductance of x mhos, a short circuit is the
dual of an open circuit, a series connection is the dual of parallel connection, and so on.

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

T parameter

a1 T11 T12 b2
b = T T a
1 21 22 2

1 S 22 T21 T21T12
T22
T11 T12 S 21 S 21 S11 S12 T11 T11
T = , =
21 T22 S11 S S
S12 11 22 S 21 S 22 1 T
12
S 21 S 21 T11 T11

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu

T parameter

a1 x T x11 T x12 b2 x a1 y T y11 T y12 b2 y

b = x x
, = y y

1 x T 21 T 22 a2 x b1 y T 21 T 22 a2 y

a1 x T x11 T x12 T y11 T y12 b2 y

b = x
x y y

1 x T 21 T 22 T 21 T 22 a2 y

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application Prof. T. L. Wu