Pharmacology Hesi
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1. 1 A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is receiving
glyburide and asks the nurse how this drug works. What
mechanism of action does the nurse provide?
1 Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin
2 Accelerates the liver's release of stored glycogen
3 Increases glucose transport across the cell membrane
4 Lowers blood glucose in the absence of pancreatic
function
2. 1 A client with diabetes asks how exercise will affect insulin
and dietary needs. What information does the nurse share
about insulin and exercise?
1 "Exercise increases the need for carbohydrates and
decreases the need for insulin."
2 "Exercise increases the need for insulin and increases the
need for carbohydrates."
3 "Regular physical activity decreases the need for insulin
and decreases the need for carbohydrates."
4 "Intensive physical activity decreases the need for
carbohydrates but does not affect the need for insulin."
3. 1 A client with tuberculosis is to begin combination therapy
with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin.
The client says, "I've never had to take so much medication
for an infection before." How will the nurse respond?
1 "This type of organism is difficult to destroy."
2 "Streptomycin prevents side effects of the other drugs."
3 "You'll only need to take the medications for a couple of
weeks."
4 "Aggressive therapy is needed because the infection is
well advanced."
4. 1 A client is diagnosed with tuberculosis associated with
human immunodeficiency virus infection. What crucial
laboratory test results should the nurse review before
antitubercular pharmacotherapy is started?
1 Liver function studies
2 Pulmonary function studies
3 Electrocardiogram and echocardiogram
4 White blood cell (WBC) count and sedimentation rate
5. 1 A client with type 1 diabetes self-administers NPH insulin
every morning at 8 am. The nurse evaluates that the client
understands the action of the insulin when the client
identifies which time range as the highest risk for
hypoglycemia?
1. 2 pm to 8 pm
2. 8 pm to noon
3. 9 am to 10 am
4. 10 am to 11 am
6. 1 A client is receiving antibiotics and antifungal medications
for the treatment of a recurring vaginal infection. What
should the nurse encourage the client to do to
compensate for the effect of these medications?
1 Eat yogurt with active cultures daily.
2 Avoid spicy foods.
3 Drink more fruit juices.
4 Take a multivitamin every day
7. 1 A client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is told that
lifelong insulin will be needed. The client becomes
agitated and says, "I am scared of shots. If that is my only
option, I'll just have to go into a coma and die!" What is the
nurse's best response?
1 "Injections are not the only option available for insulin."
2 "It won't be so bad; you will get used to it if you will only
try."
3 "This is one of those times when you need to act like an
adult."
4 "Clients have the right to refuse treatment, but I need you
to sign this form that removes us from liability for your
decision."
8. 1 A healthcare provider prescribes an antibiotic intravenous
piggyback twice a day for a client with an infection. The
healthcare provider prescribes peak and trough levels 48
and 72 hours after initiation of the therapy. The client asks
the nurse why there is a need for so many blood tests.
What reason does the nurse provide?
1 "They determine adequate dosage levels of the drug."
2 "They detect if you are having an allergic reaction to the
drug."
3 "The tests permit blood culture specimens to be
obtained when the drug is at its lowest level."
4 "These allow comparison of your fever to when the
blood level of the antibiotic is at its highest."
9. 1 A client will be taking nitrofurantoin 50 mg orally every
evening at home to manage recurrent urinary tract
infections. What instructions should the nurse give to the
client?
1 Increase the intake of fluids.
2 Strain the urine for crystals and stones.
3 Stop the drug if urinary output increases.
4 Maintain the exact time schedule for taking the drug
10. 1 A client who has been prescribed tetracycline continues
the course of treatment during the first trimester of
pregnancy. Which teratogenic effect may occur in the
fetus?
1 Bone anomalies
2 Central nervous system malformations
3 Facial malformations
4 Internal organ defects
11. 1 Which statement regarding treatment with interferon 16. 1,2,3,4,5 A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client
indicates that the client understands the nurse's with diabetes. In which order should the nurse
teaching? perform the actions associated with insulin
1 "I will drink 2 to 3 quarts (2 to 3 liters) of fluid a day." administration?
2 "Any reconstituted solution must be discarded in 1 Correct
week." 2. Rotate the vial of insulin between the palms of
3 "I can continue driving my car as long as I have the the hands.
stamina." 4 Instill air into the vial of insulin equal to the
4 "While taking this medicine I should be able to desired dose.
continue my usual activity." 3. Wipe the top of the insulin vial with an alcohol
swab.
12. 1 Loratadine, 10 mg by mouth once a day in the morning,
5. Withdraw the correct amount of insulin from the
is prescribed for a 15-year-old girl with hay fever. The
inverted vial.
girl tells the school nurse that she is concerned that
1. Wash hands with soap and water
she will be sleepy for a quiz the next day. How should
the nurse respond? 17. 1,2,4 A nurse is caring for a female client who is
1 By explaining that this medication rarely causes receiving rifampin for tuberculosis. Which
drowsiness statements indicate that the client understands the
2 By advising her to take half a tablet in the morning teaching about rifampin? Select all that apply
before school 1 "This drug may be hard on my liver so I must avoid
3 By suggesting that she skip the next day's dose if she alcoholic drinks while taking it."
can tolerate the hay fever 2 "This drug may reduce the effectiveness of the
4 By recommending that she call the allergist for a oral contraceptive I am taking."
prescription containing a stimulant 3 "I cannot take an antacid within 2 hours before
taking my medicine."
13. 1 A mother complains that her child's teeth have become
4 "My healthcare provider must be called
yellow in color. With prolonged use, which medication
immediately if my eyes and skin become yellow.
may be responsible for the child's condition?
1 Tetracycline 18. 1,2,5 In what ways can a nurse prevent medication
2 Promethazine errors? Select all that apply
3 Chloramphenicol 1 Avoid using abbreviations and acronyms
4 Fluoroquinolones 2 Minimize the use of verbal and telephone orders
3 Try to guess what the client is saying if the
14. 1 Which first line medication would the nurse state is
language is not understood
used to treat anaphylactic reactions?
4 Document each dose of the drug using trailing
1 Epinephrine
zeros when recording the dose
2 Norepinephrine
5 Check three times before giving a drug by
3 Dexamethasone
comparing the drug order and medication profile
4 Diphenhydramine
19. 1,3,2,4 A healthcare provider prescribes a medication to
15. 1,2,3 A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
be administered via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
receives a prescription for an H2 receptor antagonist.
for a young adult with asthma. List in order the
Which medications are within the classification of an H2
steps the nurse teaches the client to follow when
receptor antagonist? Select all that apply
using the inhaler.
1 Nizatidine
1. Shake the inhaler for 30 seconds.
2 Ranitidine
2. Hold the inhaler upright in the mouth.
3 Famotidine
3. Exhale slowly and deeply to empty the air from
4 Lansoprazole
the lungs.
5 Metoclopramide
4. Start breathing in and press down on the inhaler
once
20. 1,4 A nurse concludes that a client has a hypoglycemic
reaction to insulin. Which clinical findings support
this conclusion? Select all that apply
1 Irritability
2 Glycosuria
3 Dry, hot skin
4 Heart palpitations
5 Fruity odor of breath
21. 2 Which information should be included in the teaching plan
for the elderly client with peptic ulcer disease who is
taking an antacid and sucralfate?
1 Antacids should be taken 30 minutes before a meal.
2 Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach one
hour before meals.
3 Sucralfate is prescribed for the long-term maintenance
of peptic ulcer disease.
4 Sodium bicarbonate is an inexpensive over-the-counter
antacid with few adverse effects
22. 2 A nurse plans an evening snack of milk, crackers, and
cheese for a client who is receiving NPH insulin. What is
the purpose of this snack?
1 Encouragement to stay on the diet
2 Food to counteract late insulin activity
3 Added calories to promote weight gain
4 High carbohydrates to provide nourishment for
immediate use
23. 2 A health care provider prescribes psyllium 3.5 g twice a
day for constipation. What is most important for the nurse
to teach this client?
1 Urine may be discolored.
2 Each dose should be taken with a full glass of water.
3 Use only when necessary because it can cause
dependence.
4 Daily use may inhibit the absorption of some fat-soluble
vitamins
24. 2 Daily regular insulin has been prescribed for a client with
type 1 diabetes. The nurse administers the insulin at 8 am.
When should the nurse monitor the client for a potential
hypoglycemic reaction?
1 At breakfast
2 Before lunch
3 Before dinner
4 In the early afternoon
25. 2 A 67-year-old client has tested positive for influenza A.
The client also has asthma. Which drug would the nurse
recommend be avoided in this client?
1 Ribavirin
2 Zanamivir
3 Oseltamivir
4 Amantadine
26. 2 A nurse evaluates that a client understands appropriately
how to take the antacids prescribed by the primary health
care provider when the client makes which statement?
1 "I will take this antacid at the onset of pain."
2 "I will take this antacid 30 minutes after meals."
3 "I will take this antacid every 4 hours around the clock."
4 "I will take this antacid each time I have something to
eat."
27. 2 A health care provider prescribes ranitidine for a client
with heartburn. During a teaching session, which
information will the nurse share with the client about how
this drug works?
1 Ranitidine increases gastrointestinal peristalsis.
2 Ranitidine reduces gastric acidity in the stomach.
3 Ranitidine neutralizes the acid that is present in the
stomach.
4 Ranitidine stops production of hydrochloric acid in the
stomach
28. 2 During a teaching session about insulin injections, a client
asks the nurse, "Why can't I take the insulin in pills instead
of taking shots?" What is the nurse's best response?
1 "Insulin cannot be manufactured in pill form."
2 "Insulin is destroyed by gastric juices, rendering it
ineffective."
3 "Your health care provider decides the route of
administration."
4 "Your health care provider will prescribe pills when you
are ready."
29. 2 A client with type 1 diabetes requests information about
the differences between penlike insulin delivery devices
and syringes. What information does the nurse provide
about the penlike devices?
1 The penlike devices have a shorter injection time
2 Penlike devices provide a more accurate dose delivery.
3 The penlike delivery system uses a smaller-gauge
needle.
4 Penlike devices cost less by having reusable insulin
cartridges
30. 2 A nurse is caring for several clients with type 1 diabetes,
and they each have a prescription for a specific type of
insulin. Which insulin does the nurse conclude has the
fastest onset of action?
1 NPH insulin
2 Insulin lispro
3 Regular insulin
4 Insulin glargine
31. 2 What should a nurse teach the client to do to avoid
lipodystrophy when self-administering insulin therapy?
1 Exercise regularly.
2 Rotate injection sites.
3 Use the Z-track technique.
4 Avoid massaging the injection site
32. 2 A nurse is reviewing a newly admitted client's medication
administration record (MAR). Which element, if missing,
makes the record incomplete?
1 Height
2 Allergies
3 Vital signs
4 Body weight
33. 2 A nurse administers a tube of glucose gel to a client who
is hypoglycemic. What explanation does the nurse share
regarding the reversal of hypoglycemia?
1 It liberates glucose from hepatic stores of glycogen.
2 It provides a glucose source that is rapidly absorbed.
3 Insulin action is blocked as it competes for tissue sites.
4 Glycogen is supplied to the brain as well as other vital
organs
34. 2 Which Food and Drug Administration pregnancy risk
category do drugs that have not undergone any studies in
animal and pregnant women belong to?
1 Category B
2 Category C
3 Category D
4 Category X
35. 2 What is the priority goal for a client with asthma who is
being discharged from the hospital with prescriptions for
inhaled bronchodilators?
1 Is able to obtain pulse oximeter readings
2 Demonstrates use of a metered-dose inhaler
3 Knows the healthcare provider's office hours
4 Can identify the foods that may cause wheezing
36. 2 A senior nurse teaches a nursing student about how to
treat poisoning in young children. Which statement by the
nursing student indicates the need for further teaching?
1 "An emergency team should be called if the victim stops
breathing."
2 "Syrup of ipecac should be administered immediately
after poisoning."
3 "The National Poison Control hotline should be called if
a poison is ingested."
4 "The child should be removed from the hazardous
environment if the poison has been inhaled."
37. 2 A nurse determines that the teaching about the side
effects of azithromycin has been understood when the
adolescent client identifies which problem as the most
common side effect of this medication?
1 Tinnitus
2 Diarrhea
3 Dizziness
4 Headache
38. 2 After an acute episode of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, a
client is diagnosed with a gastric ulcer. The client receives
a prescription for ranitidine 150 mg twice a day. What
concern prompts the nurse to contact the health care
provider about the prescription?
1 Ranitidine can increase bleeding risk.
2 An administration route is not specified.
3 Ranitidine is contraindicated for gastric ulcers.
4 The recommended dose is higher than prescribed
39. 2 Which nursing action is the priority when administering
chelation therapy for a toddler-age client?
1 Assessing vital signs
2 Monitoring urine output
3 Conducting a behavioral assessment
4 Providing education to reduce lead exposure
40. 2 A client with a history of malabsorption syndrome is
admitted to the hospital for medical management. Total
parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been prescribed. What
action will the nurse take to prevent a major reaction to
the TPN infusion?
1 Record the intake and output.
2 Administer the infusion slowly.
3 Change the site every 24 hours.
4 Check the vital signs every 4 hours
41. 2 A nurse administers the drug desmopressin acetate
(DDAVP) to a client with diabetes insipidus. What should
the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the
drug?
1 Arterial blood pH
2 Intake and output
3 Fasting serum glucose
4 Pulse and respiratory rates
42. 2 A health care provider prescribes vancomycin peak and
trough levels for a client who is receiving vancomycin
intravenous piggyback (IVPB). When should the nurse
have the laboratory obtain a blood sample to determine a
peak level of the antibiotic?
1 Halfway between two doses of the drug
2 Between 30 and 60 minutes after a dose
3 Immediately before the medication is administered
4 Anytime it is convenient for the client and the laboratory
43. 2 The nurse provides teaching to a client who has received
a prescription for oral pancreatic enzymes, pancrelipase.
The nurse evaluates that teaching is understood when the
client identifies which time for medication scheduling?
1 At bedtime
2 With meals
3 One hour before meals
4 On arising each morning
44. 2 A client with tuberculosis is started on a chemotherapy
protocol that includes rifampin. The nurse evaluates that
the teaching about rifampin is effective when the client
makes which statement?
1 "I need to drink a lot of fluid while I take this medication."
2 "I can expect my urine to turn orange from this
medication."
3 "I should have my hearing tested while I take this
medication."
4 "I might get a skin rash because it is an expected side
effect of this medication.
45. 2 A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
an exacerbation of asthma. What should the nurse
plan to do to best help this client?
1 Determine the client's emotional state.
2 Give prescribed drugs to promote bronchiolar
dilation.
3 Provide education about the impact of a family
history.
4 Encourage the client to use an incentive spirometer
routinely
46. 2 A nurse administers beclomethasone by inhalation to
a client with asthma, and the client asks why this
medication is necessary. What should the nurse
explain is the purpose of this pharmacologic therapy?
1 Promotes comfort
2 Decreases inflammation
3 Stimulates smooth muscle relaxation
4 Reduces bacteria in the respiratory tract
47. 2,3,4 What interventions are needed to help prevent
accidental poisoning of children? Select all that apply
1 Medicines should be referred to as candy.
2 Potent poisons should be kept out of reach of
children.
3 Containers of the poisonous substances should be
tightly closed.
4 Old unused and unnecessary medications should be
safely disposed.
5 Medications should be transferred from their
original containers to alternate ones
48. 2,3,6 What are the desired outcomes that the nurse expects
when administering a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drug (NSAID)? Select all that apply
1 Diuresis
2 Pain relief
3 Antipyresis
4 Bronchodilation
5 Anticoagulation
6 Reduced inflammation
49. 3 A client has an anaphylactic reaction after receiving
intravenous penicillin. What does the nurse conclude is
the cause of this reaction?
1 An acquired atopic sensitization occurred.
2 There was passive immunity to the penicillin allergen.
3 Antibodies to penicillin developed after a previous
exposure.
4 Potent antibodies were produced when the infusion
was instituted
50. 3 A client is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which
insulin should the nurse expect the health care
provider to prescribe?
1 NPH insulin
2 Inhaled insulin
3 Regular insulin
4 Insulin glargine
51. 3 A client with diabetes experiences tremors, pallor, and
diaphoresis. What should the nurse consider is a possible
cause of these clinical manifestations?
1 Overeating
2 Intestinal virus
3 Aerobic exercise
4 Missed insulin dose
52. 3 During the administration of total parenteral nutrition
(TPN), an assessment of the client reveals a bounding
pulse, distended jugular veins, dyspnea, and cough. What
is the priority nursing intervention?
1 Restart the client's infusion at another site.
2 Slow the rate of the client's infusion of the TPN.
3 Interrupt the client's infusion and notify the healthcare
provider.
4 Obtain the vital signs and continue monitoring the
client's status
53. 3 Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and isoniazid (INH) are prescribed
as part of the chemotherapy protocol for a client with
tuberculosis. Which response indicates to the nurse that
vitamin B6 is effective?
1 Weight gain
2 Absence of stomatitis
3 Absence of numbness and tingling in extremities
4 Acceleration of dormant tubercular bacilli destruction
54. 3 A client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has received a
prescription for a medication that is delivered via a
nebulizer. When teaching about use of the nebulizer, the
nurse should teach the client to do what?
1 Hold the breath while spraying the medication into the
mouth.
2 Position the lips loosely around the mouthpiece and
take rapid, shallow breaths.
3 Seal the lips around the mouthpiece and breathe in and
out, taking slow, deep breaths.
4 Inhale the medication from the nebulizer, remove the
mouthpiece from the mouth, and then exhale.
55. 3 A client newly diagnosed with diabetes arrives at the
emergency department complaining of dizziness and
weakness. The client's spouse reports that the client has
been confused since this morning. The spouse reports
that the client administered the morning dose of 10 units
of regular insulin and 25 units of NPH insulin with difficulty
and did not eat much breakfast. What does the nurse
identify as the most likely cause of the client's signs and
symptoms?
1 Hyperglycemia
2 Hyperlipidemia
3 Hypoglycemia
4 Hypocalcemia
56. 3 A nurse is administering a histamine H2 antagonist to a
client who has extensive burns. The nurse explains to the
client that this drug is given prophylactically during the
first few weeks after extensive burns. What complication
of burns will it prevent?
1 Colitis
2 Gastritis
3 Stress ulcer
4 Metabolic acidosis
57. 3 Naltrexone is used to treat clients with substance abuse
problems. In which situation does the nurse anticipate that
naltrexone will be administered?
1 To treat opioid overdose
2 To block the systemic effects of cocaine
3 To decrease the recovering alcoholic's desire to drink
alcohol
4 To prevent severe withdrawal symptoms from
antianxiety agents
58. 3 A client is receiving penicillin G and probenecid for
syphilis. What rationale should the nurse give for the need
to take these two drugs?
1 Each drug attacks the organism during different stages
of cell multiplication.
2 The penicillin treats the syphilis, whereas the probenecid
relieves the severe urethritis.
3 Probenecid delays excretion of penicillin, thus
maintaining blood levels for longer periods.
4 Probenecid decreases the potential for an allergic
reaction to penicillin, which treats the syphilis
59. 3 A nurse identifies that an older adult has not achieved the
desired outcome from a prescribed proprietary
medication. When assessing the situation, the client shares
that the medication is too expensive and that the
prescription was never filled. What is an appropriate
nursing response?
1 Ask the pharmacist to provide a generic form of the
medication.
2 Encourage the client to acquire the medication over the
Internet.
3 Inform the healthcare provider of the inability to afford
the medication.
4 Suggest that the client purchase medical insurance that
covers prescription medications
60. 3 A healthcare provider prescribes ampicillin for a client
with an infection. What information should the nurse
include in the teaching plan about this medication?
1 Take the ampicillin with meals.
2 Store the ampicillin in a light-resistant container.
3 Notify the healthcare provider if diarrhea develops.
4 Continue the drug until a negative culture is obtained
61. 3 A client has severe diarrhea, and the health care provider
prescribes intravenous fluids, sodium bicarbonate, and an
antidiarrheal medication. Which drug does the nurse
expect the health care provider to prescribe?
1 Psyllium
2 Bisacodyl
3 Loperamide
4 Docusate sodium
62. 3 A client receiving intravenous vancomycin reports ringing
in both ears. Which initial action should the nurse take?
1 Notify the primary healthcare provider.
2 Consult an audiologist.
3 Stop the infusion.
4 Document the finding and continue to monitor the
client
63. 3 A client is started on tetracycline antibiotic therapy. What
should the nurse do when administering this drug?
1 Administer the medication with meals or a snack.
2 Provide orange or other citrus fruit juice with the
medication.
3 Give the medication an hour before milk products are
ingested.
4 Offer antacids 30 minutes after administration if
gastrointestinal side effects occur
64. 3 For a client with difficulty swallowing, the nurse should
crush which medication?
1 Metoprolol extended release
2 Felodipine sustained release
3 Acetaminophen extra strength
4 Potassium chloride extended release
65. 3 The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who
presented to the emergency room for an acute asthma
attack. The nurse notes that upon discharge the
healthcare provider has prescribed theophylline 300 mg
orally to be taken daily at 9:00 AM. The nurse will teach
the client to take the medication on which schedule?
1 With a meal
2 Only at bedtime
3 At a specific time prescribed
4 Until symptoms are gone
66. 3 A client with gastric ulcer disease asks the nurse why the
health care provider has prescribed metronidazole. What
purpose does the nurse provide?
1 To augment the immune response
2 To potentiate the effect of antacids
3 To treat Helicobacter pylori infection
4 To reduce hydrochloric acid secretion
67. 3 Steroid therapy is prescribed for a client with an
exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The nurse evaluates that
teaching is effective when the client identifies which times
for the medication schedule?
1 At bedtime with a snack
2 Three times a day with meals
3 In the early morning with food
4 One hour before or two hours after eating
68. 4 A health care provider prescribes daily docusate sodium
for a client. The nurse explains to the client that this drug
has what action?
1 Lubricates the feces
2 Creates an osmotic effect
3 Stimulates motor activity
4 Lowers the surface tension of feces
69. 4 A client is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the
healthcare provider prescribes a combination of rifampin
and isoniazid. The nurse evaluates that the teaching
regarding the drug is effective when the client reports
which action as most important?
1 "Report any changes in vision."
2 "Take the medicine with my meals."
3 "Call my doctor if my urine or tears turn red-orange."
4 "Continue taking the medicine even after I feel better.
70. 4 A client is receiving dexamethasone to treat acute
exacerbation of asthma. For what side effect should the
nurse monitor the client?
1 Hyperkalemia
2 Liver dysfunction
3 Orthostatic hypotension
4 Increased blood glucose
71. 4 A client with type 1 diabetes tells the nurse, "I take
guaifenesin cough syrup when I have a cold." What
important instruction does the nurse include in client
teaching about this medication?
1 Substitute an elixir for the cough syrup.
2 Increase fluid intake and use a humidifier to control the
cough.
3 The small amounts of sugar in medications are not a
concern with diabetes.
4 Include the glucose in the cough syrup when
calculating daily carbohydrate allowance
72. 4 The postoperative prescriptions for a client who had
repair of an inguinal hernia include docusate sodium daily.
Before discharge, the nurse instructs the client about what
potential side effect?
1 Rectal bleeding
2 Fecal impaction
3 Nausea and vomiting
4 Mild abdominal cramping
73. 4 A client is prescribed metformin extended release to
control type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement made
by this client indicates the need for further education?
1 "I will take the drug with food."
2 "I must swallow my medication whole and not crush or
chew it."
3 "I will notify my doctor if I develop muscular or
abdominal discomfort."
4 "I will stop taking metformin for 24 hours before and
after having a test involving dye."
74. 4 The nurse provides discharge teaching to a client with
tuberculosis. Which treatment measure does the nurse
reinforce as the highest priority?
1 Getting sufficient rest
2 Getting plenty of fresh air
3 Changing the current lifestyle
4 Consistently taking prescribed medication
75. 4 A healthcare provider prescribes ophthalmic drops for a
client. What should a nurse include in the instructions for a
client learning to self-administer eyedrops?
1 Lie on the unaffected side for administration.
2 Instill drops onto the pupil to promote absorption.
3 Close eyes tightly after administering the eyedrops.
4 Apply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation
76. 4 The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous
piggyback antibiotic that has been newly prescribed.
Shortly after initiation, the client becomes restless and
flushed and begins to wheeze. The nurse determines the
that appropriate priority action will be to stop the
antibiotic infusion and then do what?
1 Notify the physician immediately about the client's
condition.
2 Take the client's blood pressure.
3 Obtain the client's pulse oximetry.
4 Assess the client's respiratory status
77. 4 A client is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and the health
care provider prescribes an oral hypoglycemic. For what
side effect should the nurse teach this client to monitor?
1 Ketonuria
2 Weight loss
3 Ketoacidosis
4 Low blood sugar
78. 4 A client develops a fever after surgery. Ceftriaxone is
prescribed. For which potential adverse effect should the
nurse monitor the client?
1 Dehydration
2 Heart failure
3 Constipation
4 Allergic response
79. 4 A healthcare provider prescribes famotidine and
magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide antacid for a
client with a peptic ulcer. The nurse should teach the
client to take the antacid at what time?
1 Only at bedtime, when famotidine is not taken
2 Only if famotidine is ineffective
3 At the same time as famotidine, with a full glass of water
4 One hour before or 2 hours after famotidine
80. 4 Ampicillin 250 mg by mouth every 6 hours is prescribed
for a client who is to be discharged. Which statement
indicates to the nurse that the client understands the
teaching about ampicillin?
1 "I should drink a glass of milk with each pill."
2 "I should drink at least six glasses of water every day."
3 "The medicine should be taken with meals and at
bedtime."
4 "The medicine should be taken one hour before or two
hours after meals
81. 4 Which statement made by a client recently diagnosed
with type 1 diabetes indicates that further education is
necessary regarding the teaching plan?
1 "I will need to have my eyes and vision examined once a
year."
2 "I will need to check my blood sugar at home to
evaluate my response to my treatment plan."
3 "I can improve metabolic and cardiac risk factors of this
disease if I follow a low-calorie diet and lose weight."
4 "Once I reach my target weight there is a good chance
that I will be able to switch from insulin to an oral
medication."
82. 4 A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking several
antibiotic medications for a prolonged time. Because
long-term use of antibiotics interferes with the absorption
of fat, what prescription does the nurse anticipate?
1 High-fat diet
2 Supplemental cod liver oil
3 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
4 Water-soluble forms of vitamins A and E
83. 4 Famotidine (Pepcid) is prescribed for a client with peptic
ulcer disease. The client asks the nurse what this
medication does. Which action does the nurse mention
when replying?
1 Increases gastric motility
2 Neutralizes gastric acidity
3 Facilitates histamine release
4 Inhibits gastric acid secretion
84. 4 A client with hepatitis B asks the nurse, "Are there any
medications to help me get rid of this problem?" Which is
the best response by the nurse?
1 "Sedatives can be given to help you relax."
2 "We can give you immune serum globulin."
3 "Vitamin supplements are frequently helpful and hasten
recovery."
4 "There are medications to help reduce viral load and
liver inflammation.
85. 4 A health care provider prescribes bisacodyl for a client
with cardiac disease. The nurse explains to the client that
this drug acts by what mechanism?
1 Producing bulk
2 Softening feces
3 Lubricating feces
4 Stimulating peristalsis
86. 4 A client who has a gastric ulcer asks what to do if
epigastric pain occurs. The nurse evaluates that teaching
is effective when the client makes which statement?
1 "Eliminating fluids with meals will prevent pain."
2 "I will increase my food intake to avoid an empty
stomach."
3 "Taking an aspirin with milk will relieve my pain and coat
my ulcer."
4 "Taking an antacid preparation will decrease pain due to
gastric acid."
87. 4 What information should the nurse include when teaching
a client about antacid tablets?
1 Take them at 4-hour intervals.
2 Take them 1 hour before meals.
3 They are as effective as the liquid forms.
4 They interfere with the absorption of other drugs
88. 4 A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
acute pancreatitis. The health care provider's prescriptions
include nothing by mouth and total parenteral nutrition
(TPN). The nurse explains that the TPN therapy provides
what benefit?
1 Is the easiest method for administering needed nutrition
2 Is the safest method for meeting the client's nutritional
requirements
3 Will satisfy the client's hunger without the discomfort
associated with eating
4 Will meet the client's nutritional needs without causing
the discomfort precipitated by eating
89. 4 A nurse has provided teaching to a client with a newly
prescribed proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The nurse
determines that the teaching is effective when the client
states that the medication is used for the treatment of
which condition?
1 Diarrhea
2 Vomiting
3 Cardiac dysrhythmias
4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD