Nhn Li Chin Thng Xun 1789 [K Du]

V Ng Chiu & Hong V

Qu Tt t Mi, 19/2/2015
cho Thi Khim & Tng Vi

Quang Trung Nguyn Hu (1752-1792) v nh Ty Sn (1778-1802) l mt th d

tiu biu ca li vit s mt chiu trong khi s vn c in. Cc tc gi thng chn
mt phe ti dng giai on lch s ny, chng hn, nh s mnh cch mng ca th
thuyn ng rung hay nng dn, tng c Karl Marx thi tr gi lb khoai ca
cch mng v sn [bag of potatoes]. Nhng ngi ng v phe nh Thanh (Qing, 1644-
1912) thng hiu icoi y l mt trong 10 v cng ca Hong Lch (nin hiu Cn
Long [Qian long], 1735-1796, TTH 1796-1799), v cui cng, Nguyn Quang Bnh
Quang Trung thc hay gicng phi ch thn sang Nhit H [Johol] v Bc Kinh
[Beijing] lm l bo tt [m u gi] Hong Lch vo ngy th 80 tuiMt tin l
trong lch s bang giao hn 7 th k gia hai nc, m chnh Hong Lch hai ln vit
thnh th, hay khc vo m bia gi Quang Trung bn H Ty H Ni nm 1792 (c l
mt tch, hay b vua quan Nguyn san bng, theo lut c lm vua, thua lm gic).

Nh Ty Sn (1778-1802)

u nm 1771 [thng Chp Canh Dn [16/1-14/2/1771], anh em Nguyn Vn

Nhc ni ln Ty Sn, Bnh Kh, Qui Nhn. S Nguyn chp l ma Thu Qu
T (23/1/1773-10/2/1774), tc khi xy ra bin c Nguyn Nhc chim Kin Thnh,
khi u cuc sp ca ch vua L, cha Trnh v Nguyncuc ni chin
th hai trong lch s Vit Nam, ko di gn 150 nm gia ng Ngoi v ng
Trong, vi sng Gianh hay Linh Giang (Nht L, Qung Bnh lm ranh gii). Mc
d u nm 1775, cha Trnh Sm ([1741] 1767- 10/10/1782) thng nht vng
quc An Nam c, nhng trn thc t li khi u cuc ni chin th ba, t 1778
ti 1802, tc cuc tranh hng gia Ty Sn v Nguyn Chng (8/2/1762 -
3/2/1820), mt hu du cha Nguyn, hay vua Gia Long (1/6/1802-3/2/1820),
ngi khai nghip nh Nguyn (1/6/1802-25/8/1945 [8/3/1949-23/10/1955]). (1)
1. Nhng ti liu chnh s dng cho chng sch ny gm c L Qu n,
Ph bin tp lc [PBTL], bn dch L Xun Gio, (Si Gn: 1972); i Nam
Thc Lc Chnh Bin [NTLCB], 38 tp (H Ni : 1962-1978) [c bit l
i Nam Thc lc Tin Bin [NTLTB, XI-XII: Du Tng, (1962)]; i Nam
Chnh Bin Lit Truyn [NCBLT], q. XXX: Ngy Ty, 1-17a [Nguyn
Nhc]; 17b-43b [Nguyn Hu]; 43b-56a [Quang Ton], bn dch T Quang
Pht (Si Gn: Vn Hc, 1970); bn dch (Hu: 1993), 2: 491-540.

15/2/1771: Tt Tn Mo [3/2/1772]
Anh em Ty Sn c ba ngi l Nhc, L v Hu. T tin gc huyn Hng
Nguyn, Ngh An. Khong nm 1655-1657, ng t 4 i b bt vo Namnhn
dp cha Nguyn vt sng Gianh, nh ph bc B Chnhnh c p Nht
(tc thn An Kh) vng Ty Sn, ph Qui Ninh (nm 1819 i lm An Ty, Hoi
Nhn), pha ty huyn Tuy Vin, gn ngun sng Cn [sng Ba]. Trc l th s
ngun Phng Kiu, cch Tuy Vin 63.75 km [150 l TH]. C trng giao dch,
by [7] n Tr nh, Xun Vin, Tam Giang, Hng Thy, Trc Lm, V Bn,
i Tin. t ai bng phng v mu m, pha trn sng Ba my dm c
sch man. Cha l Phc, di nh t p Nht v p Kin Thnh (thn Ph Lc,
huyn Tuy Vin. (2)
2. i Nam Nht Thng Ch [NNTC], q. IX: Bnh nh; (1997), 3:33-
34, 39; NTLCB, I, 4: 1809-1820,1963:387 [Thng 8 K Mo, 19/9-
18/10/1819], i tn p Ty Sn thnh. An Ty]; NCBLT, q. XXX: Ngy
Ty,1ab; (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 6-9. T Ty Sn [An Kh] n th x/cng Qui
Nhn khong hn 60 cy s ng Quc l 19. Cn c lc u nm vng
ni Tr Lnh, M , ngun Phng Kiu tc thng lu sng Cn ( Rng
hay Ba). i v hng ty nam khong 20 cy s ti Bnh Kh, tc p Ty Sn,
qu c anh em Nguyn Nhc. i thm khong 28 cy s ti ng ba Quc l 1
tc Ph Phong. Quo tri, theo hng Bc 4 cy s l thnh Bnh nh c.
Quo mt, theo hng Nam 10 cy s ti Tuy Phc. T y c ng r vo
Qui Nhn. Ti Hng Thnh, c thp i, nhng tng Civa mt, Hong
o Thy, i Thm t Nc (H Ni : 1978), tr. 378-79
Khong nm 982, sau khi Indrapura b tn ph, vua Chm di v
Vijaya tc thnh Bn, Pht Th, Ch Bn hay ch Chm, cch Qui Nhn
26 cy s v hng ty bc. Xem thm Jean Yves Claeys, " Introduction
ltude de lAnnam et Champa ; " BAVH, XXI, Nos 1-2 (1-6/1926), pp. 30-4
[1-144].
Qui Nhn l trung tm Pht Gio quan trng, chu nh hng hai phi
Lm T v To ng thi mt Minh nh T Nguyn Thiu, cha Thp thp di
, Cc gio s Ki-t cng tng ti ging o qu c ca anh em Nguyn
Nhc; v c tin n m Nguyn Nhc " ra ti." Nm 1791, Quang Trung
tng nghi ng mt gio s u c Phm Hong hu.

Ba anh em u l hc tr Gio Hin, nguyn l mn khch ca Ngoi hu [ni

hu cai c] Trng Vn Hnh, thy/ph o th t Nguyn Phc Lun t nm
1760. Sau Trng Phc Loan git Hnh v L Ngc K, h ngc th t Lun,
Hin chy vo Qui Ninh, m trng dy hc c vn ln v p An Thi. [Ch An
Thi huyn Tuy Vin. An Kh cng c ch]. (NNTC, q. IX: Bnh nh; (1997),
3:44]) Hin rt qu trng ti nng Nhc.
Nhc thot tin lm ngh bn [l] tru (i Thng)khng phi nng dn
thun ty. Sau lm bin li tun Vn n. C ln i ngang ni An Dng, bt
c mt cy kim c, cho l kim thn. Sau v nh bc, thiu tin thu, b c
trng ng truy n. Thng 5-6/1771, Nhc ln ni lm gic. Nhn dp Trng
Phc Loan chuyn quyn, dn s i kh, Nhc pht c khi ngha. Ly tin
ngi giu chia cho ngi ngho. C ph h Huyn Kh b tin gip . Li c
th ho Nguyn Thung tham gia. Thanh th ngy mt ln.
Lit truyn hm Gio Hin mn li sm khi ngha Ty [Sn], thu
chin cng Bc khuyn khch anh em Nhc. Chng hiu y l s thc, hay
do quan li Nguyn mun ghp Gio Hin vo ti i nghch [dani], ng u
mi ti c hay hnh s. (NCBLT, q XXX: Ngy Ty, 1b (Si Gn: 1970), tr 8-9;
(Hu: 1993), 2:491)
Thi gian ny, ti Ph Xun ang c tranh chp quyn lc. Hong t th chn
ca V vng l Hiu hay Ho (1739-23/2/1760 )tc Phc Thng, hay c
M, c lp lm Th t, nhng ngy 27/3/1760, cht sm. Con l Hong tn
Nguyn Phc Dng cn nh. NLTTB, q. I, (Hu: 1993), 1:57 [Hiu], 57-61
[Dng]; Cao T Thanh dch v ch thch (H Ni: KHXH, 1995), s 87, Hong
t th 9 [Hiu & con], tr 108-114 [S dn: NLTTB, Thanh (1995)]. Hiu hay
Ho ny khc vi con trng Phc Lun, do Nguyn t phi, ch Hiu Khang
hong hu (1738-1811), hay ch m Nguyn Chng sinh ra], (Hu: 1993), 2:17-23,
82.
[NTLTB, X: Th Tng, 1962: 227 [Ho cht ngy 23/2/1760 [Gip Ng
[15], thng 2 Canh Thn [1760], [201-229] XI: Du Tng thng, 1962:230 [230-
?]
XI-XII: Du Tng, (1962)];

Mt phe ng h Phc Lun (1739-1765), tc Chng V [Chng V], con

th hai V vng, nm y 27 tui. Lun c di chc ln ngi, vi s ph t
ca c hu, cng nhm Ni hu cai c Trng Vn Hnh v L Ngc K,
thy v ph o th t Lun, Nhng m Lun l htmt giai tng x hi khng
c trng vng; v con chu cng b cng khai k th, nh con trai khng c
d thi lm quan. o Duy T, mt khai quc cng thn ca cha Nguyn, l mt
trong nhng ngoi l: Cha Si s dng h o nh mt mu s v chin lc
gia hn quan li; v c mt cn thn tin c, sau khi trn vo ng Trong.
(3)
3. PBTL, (1972), I:119; Annales annamites, S k i Nam Vit,
[SKNV], (Si Gn: 1974), tr 3-4; NCBLT, q. I, & V (Hu: 1993), 2:17-23
[Hiu Khang hong hu (1738-1811], 23; [Nguyn T phi], 82 [Nguyn Phc
Trung]
[NTLTB, X: 1962: 227-228 [m Lun h Trng; m Chng, hong t th
hai, h Nguyn ]. Chng sinh ngy 8/2/1782 [K Du, thng 1 Nhm Ng];
7/7/1765: V vng (1740-1765) mt; th 52 tui [sinh 1704] NTLTB, X:
Th Tng; XI: Du Tng thng, 1962: 227, 229

Mt phe khc na ng h Hong Thng (Nguyn Phc Thun, 1754-1777).

Thun, cn c tn Hn, con th 16 V Vng, m l Nguyn th Ngc Chu, con
Trng Phc Phan. (Sau ny Ngc Chu i tu, tc Tu Tnh thnh mu nguyn
s). V rt yu qu con th 16 Hong Thng ny, nm 1765, V Vng tri cho
hai i thn ph Hong Thng ln ngi cha. Trng Phc Loan (con Phc Phan)
cng Thi gim Tr c hu v chng dinh Nguyn Cu Thng lm di chc gi,
lp Phc Thun, lc y mi 12 tui ta [sinh ngy 31/12/1754, ngy Qu T, thng
11 Gip Tut], tc nh Vng (7/7/1765-1777). (4)
4. PBTL (1972), I:119-20; NTLTB, X: Th Tng; XI: Du Tng thng,
1962:222, 230. C tin V vng ly em lm v ra; SKVN, 1974:3-4.

nh Vng phong Loan lm Quc ph. Hai con Loan u ly cng cha.
Nm ht quyn hnh, thu m nn v cng giu cmt hin tng quen thuc,
tiu biu ca bt c x hi, chuyn chnh no, t c ch kim, ng qua Ty, qun
ch chuyn ch, hay dn ch tp trung, nh hng x hi ch ngha.Chin
dch h, p rui ti Trung Hoa t cui nm 2012 ca Tp Cn Bnh [Xi Jin-
ping], hay ci cch rung t trong thp nin 1950 ca Mao Nhun Chi, ng
Tiu Bnh, Chu n Lai ti Trung Hoa, hay Linov Nguyn Sinh Cn (1892-1969)
v ng Cng Sn Vit Nam [CSVN] t 1954 ti 1956 l nhng th d tiu biu
v in hnh ca truyn thng c ti, nhng lm quyn th bt nhn. (NTLTB,
XI: Du Tng thng, 1962:232; i Nam Lit Truyn Tin Bin [NLTTB], q.
VI: Nghch thn, gian thn, (bn dch Hu: 1993), 1:202-3; Cao T Thanh dch v
ch thch (H Ni: KHXH, 1995), s 219, tr 272).
Thi ph Phc Loan tm mi cch cho nh vng Thun hng lc, t ch
n chnh s.
Nguyn Phc Lun [cha Chng] b Phc Loan y vo lnh tht, ch c
phng thch cht ph ngy 24/10/1765, hng dng 33 tui. (NTLTB,
XI: Du Tng thng, 1962, 1:230-31 [230-49]) Hai em rut Lun l Chng Vn
tc Mo [con th ba V Vng] v Chng Hin c nhiu ngi chng Phc
Loan ng h. Nguyn Vn Nhc, chng hn, ng h Chng Vn. Trong khi ,
con trng V Vng, anh Lun cht trc V Vng, khi 33 tui. Nguyn
Chng, con Lun, cn qu nh (3 tui, sinh ngy 8/2/1762). NLTTB, (Hu: 1993),
1:54-55 [Mo tc Vn; Cung], 202-203 [Trng Phc Loan]; Thanh (1995), s
82 [Cung t Thnh], & 219 [TP Loan], tr 107, 270-272).

M Chng h Nguyn, con Nguyn Phc Trung, ngi lng Minh Linh, ph
Tha Thin (khng r c lin h gia tc vi nh cha hay chng), sau c truy
phong Hng t Hiu khang Hong hu (1738-1811), thng gi l T Cung.
Nhng theo tc gi S K i Nam Vit [SKVN] Chng V tnh rt ging cha,
ly nhiu v. Mt trong nhng v ca Chng V l ht, . sinh ra Chng v hai
ngi con trai khc. (5)
5. NCBLT, q. I, V (1993), 2:17-23, 82; NTLCB, I, 4:1809-1820,
1963:127 [cht ngy 30/10/1811 (K Su [14], thng 9 Tn Mi), th 74 tui);
PBTL, (1972), I:119; Annales annamites, S k i Nam Vit, [SKNV], (Si
Gn: 1974), tr 3-4.
 Thng 7-8/1773, Loan git Nguyn Vn. Nguyn mt s tn tht ght Loan
sai Hn lm Ng nh Th v tri ph Trn Giai lm gi n ca Loan, v gi mo
th Loan gi Nguyn Nhc, ri ngoi ng. Tham mu T bt c, trnh ln
Chng c Vn. Vn yu cu cha Thun trng pht Loan. Loan ci l b vu co.
Cha Thun b qua. Loan nghi T l tc gi, bt git i. Li lm th t co Vn
thng ng vi gic lm phn. Nguyn Vn s trn n mt ngi cha. (SKNV,
1974:4-5) ; b Nguyn Hng bt, dm cht ph Tam Giang. Nm 1806, Gia
Long cp cho 50 [30] mu rung p n nui dng hi nh. (NTLTB, XI:
Du Tng thng, 1962, 1:242-43 [230-49]); NLTTB, (Hu: 1993), 1:54-55
[Mo tc Vn; Cung, np TPL khi qun Trnh n Trung nh H], 202-203
[Trng Phc Loan]; Thanh (1995), s 82 [Cung t Thnh], & 219 [TP Loan], tr
107, 270-272).
Thng 8-9/1773, Nguyn Nhc dng chiu bi ph Hong tn Dng lm
Minh ch, mang qun i nh khp ni. Ngi ng thi c cu: "Binh triu,
binh Quc ph [Loan]; binh , binh Hong tn." Binh "" tc "la ." Thng 11-
12/1773, Nhc chim Kin thnh. T xng l nht tri ch, cai tr hai huyn
Ph Ly v Bng Sn. Nguyn Thung lm nh tri ch, cai qun huyn Tuy
Vin. Huyn Kh lm tam, tri ch, coi vic binh lng. (5bis)
5bis. Ph Hoi Nhn thi T c gm Bng Sn (t M c, Qung
Ngi), ti Ph Ly (sau chia lm Ph M, Ph Ct). Huyn Tuy Vin [v Tuy
Phc] thuc ph An Nhn] (NNTC, q. IX: Bnh nh, (1997), 3:9-11)

Nhc cn mt ng vi N cha Chim thnh l Th Ha Thanh Thnh lm

th nng ta nhau. [sau thuc huyn Ha a, Bnh Thun, 8 tng thuc ph Hm
Thun]. (NNTC, q. IX: Bnh nh, (1997), 3:127-28)
Nhng Huy, T Linh cng Nguyn Thung dn qun xung chim ph thnh
Qui Ninh [Ch Bn, huyn Tuy Vin]. Tun ph Nguyn Khc Tuyn b chy.
[C thuyt khc cho rng Nhc t ngi vo ci, cho ngi gii ti thnh giao np.
Tun ph m ca thnh, nhn ly Nhc, giam vo ci. m , trong khi qun
Nhc m thm tin n vy thnh, Nhc ph ci, m ca thnh cho qun trn vo].
(NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 2B-3A (1970), tr. 12-5; CMCB, XLIV:22-23; (H
Ni: 1998), II:720.
Sau nh chim Cn Dng v m Thy, ot ly kho lng tm thi.
Git cht Khm sai Lng v ton gia c trng ng. M rng vng kim sot
ti ranh gii Qung Nam. Git cht hai tng Nguyn gi ti cu vin Thch
Tn (Bn ). [ranh gii hai huyn H ng, Qung Nam, v Bnh Dn, Qung
Ngi; (CMCB, XLIV:24; (H Ni: 1998), II:731)
C s ng h ca bn "Khch bun" (ngi Hoa) l Tp nh (Trung Ngha
Qun) v L Ti (Ha Ngha Qun). Qun Ty Sn cn c ngi thiu s. Chng
ngi cao ln, co trc u, mnh trn, khi lm trn th cho ung ru, c eo
giy vng bc [ba ch] t quyt t. Quan binh khng ch ni. (NCBLT,
XXX: Ngy Ty, 4A (1970), tr 18-9). [KVSTGCM khng nhc n qun thiu
s, cho l ngi Qung ng; CMCB, XLIV:23; (H Ni: 1998), II:720-21)]
 Thng 1-2/1774, Tp nh v L Ti git cht Tit ch Nguyn Hng ni
Bch K (pha bc huyn Ph M). Nguyn Nhc nhn th chim Qung Ngi,
Bnh Thun. Ri tin nh Qung Nam. Thng 2-3/1774, Ty Sn li ph tan qun
Nguyn Thng Qung Nam, na m Thng phi chy v. (NTLTB, XI: Du
Tng thng, 1962, 1:244; NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 4A (1970), tr. 18-21;
NNTC, q. IX, Bnh nh, (1997), 3:24-5)
Thi gian ny, cha Nguyn ang gi mt lc lng qun s quan trng
min nam gip Mc Thin T chng c li s xm ln H Tin ca vua
Xim La Taksin [Trnh Quc Anh hay Trnh Tn]. Thng 11/1771, Taksin sai
Trn Lin a 20,000 qun qua vy hm H Tin, i dn Phra Naret
[Chiu Thy], con vua c Boromoraja [Phong Vng] b Taksin cp ngi.
C gic Tiu Chu ni Bch M l Trn Thi dn ng. Nm 1769 Thi
m mu cng bn Mc Sng, Mc Khoan lm ni ng chim H Tin. Mc
Thin T khm ph ra, bt bn Sng Khoan. Trn Thi chy qua Xim La.
Nay theo ngi Xim v. Thin T phi b chy. Qun h Mc Chu c
cng phi rt v Kin Giang, ri Trn Giang. Lu th dinh Long H l Tng
Phc Hp [Hp, Hip] mang binh thuyn ti cu. Trn Lin rt v gi H
Tin. Taksin cng ch thn mang qun qua nh Chn Lp. Nc Tn b chy.
Taksin lp Nc Nn lm vua. Xim c nhm ng Phin Trn. (NTLTB, XI:
Du Tng thng, 1962:240)

4/2/1772: Tt Nhm Thn [22/1/1773]

Ni Thch Bi (o C, ni s sch Trung Hoak c t in T Hi,
Zizhi tongjian [T Tr Thng Gim] ca T M Quang [Sima Guang], Cu v
Tn ng th ca Lu H v u Dng Tu-Tng K, ba t ra vic M
Vin [Ma Yuan] thi Lu T (Hn Quang V, 5/8/25-29/2/57) dng hai
hoc nm tr ng yb st nh i thnh mu trng. (NTLTB, XI:
Du Tng thng, 1962, 1:241 [230-49]);
Thng 7/1772, Nguyn Cu m, Nguyn Khoa Thim, Tng Phc Hp
mang qun ba [3] o phn cng qun Xim. Nguyn Khoa Thim tin qun
theo ng Tin Giang, cai b dinh Long H Nguyn Khoa Thuyn lnh quan
qun huyn ng Khu tin theo ng Tin Giang, Lu th Tng Phc
Hp tin theo ng Hu Giang, n ng Chu c, nh phn cng qun
Xim trn t Chn Lp..
Nguyn Khoa Thim khng tin c, phi li gi Kin Giang, ri sai
ngi Khmer l Tt lm tin phong, tin n Nam Vang, ph c qun Xim.
Taksin phi chy qua H Tin. Nc Nn chy n Cn Vt. Qun Nguyn
chim c Nam Vang v La Bch. Nc Tn li v lm vua Chn Lp.
(NTLTB, XI: Du Tng thng, 1962, 1:241-42 [230-49]); NLTTB, (1995),
tr 177)
Nhng Taksin bt c Chiu Thy [Phra Naret], con Boromoraja
[Phong Vng] (vua Xim c) git i. Ri bt con Mc Thin T mang theo v
Xim. Giao cho Trn Lin gi H Tin.
 Thng 2-3/1773, Mc Thin T cu ha vi Xim. Taksin ng trit
binh, tr t do cho con Mc Thin T. T Trn Giang, T sai con l Hong v
li H Tin sa sang li. (NTLTB, XI: Du Tng thng, 1962, 1:242 [230-
49]);

Mi n ma Xun 1774, Tng Phc Hip, lu th Dinh Long H, v cai b

Nguyn Khoa Thuyn mi thng lnh qun lnh 5 dinh (Bnh Khang, Bnh Thun,
Trn Bin, Phin Trn, Long H) thy lc Bc pht. Chim c Bnh Thun,
Din Khnh, Bnh Khang, ri ng qun Hn Khi (Khnh Ha). (NTLTB, XI:
Du Tng thng, 1962: 244-45 [230-49]);
Trong khi , ti Qung Nam, Nguyn Cu Dt cm c vi qun Ty Sn,
thng nhiu trn. NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 5, (Si Gn: 1970), tr 22-25)

B. L-Trnh Chim ng Trong (1774-1786)

Trnh Sm v quan tng min bc khoan khoi theo di nhng kh khn
ng Trong.
Thng 6-7/1774, t Ngh An, Hong Ng Phc cng Trn th Ngh An Bi
Th t mang qun Nam chinh. (6)
6. PBTL (1972), tr 122; NCBLT, q. XXX:3a, (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 14-5;
(1993), II:491-92; CMCB, XLIV: 10-11, 22-23; (H Ni: 1998), II:709-11,720.
C thuyt ni Nguyn Vn, con Nguyn Dc, chy ra Bc bo co tnh
hnh, xin trng tr Loan. (NTLTB, XI: Du Tng thng, 1962:245)

Thi Gim Phc v hu nhng c Trnh Sm gi ra cm qun. Thi gian

ny tinh thn binh s ca Trnh Sm ln cao nh hai chin thng d ng Hong
Cng Cht ng Mnh Thin, Hng Ha vo thng 2-3/nm 1769, v L Duy
Mt Trn Ninh thng 1-2/nm 1770. Mt gi thnh Thinh [Trinh] Quang trn g
cao. Bi Th t v Nguyn Phan mang qun Thanh Ngh hai o tn cng. Phc
mua chuc c m ca con r Duy Mt l Li Th Thiu, nn Thiu nhn li lm
ni ng, m ca thnh cho qun Trnh tin vo. (CMCB, XLIII:27-29, (H Ni:
1998), II:691-92. LTHCLC ca Phan Huy Ch ghi chtvo thng 1/1770.
Thng 8-9/1774, Phc Thun giao cho Nguyn V coi vic nc, ch thn
cm qun chng Trnh. Soi thuyn ng ca T Dung. Thng 10/1774, qun
Trnh ti chu Bc B Chnhni th k trc qun Trnh v Nguyn hn mi
ln giao tranh ln nh, nhng bt phn thng bi. Trn th Trn Giai hng Trnh.
Phc Thun rt v Ph Xun, giao binh quyn cho Nguyn Cu Dt khng Trnh.
Thng 11-12/1774, qun Trnh vt qua sng Gianh gia lc Thun Ha b i to,
ngoi ng c xc ngi. (NTLTB, XI: Du Tng thng, 1962:246 [b thnh
chy]; PBTL (1972), tr. 126)
Phc Thun sai s gi n hnh dinh Hong Ng Phc, ni gic c Ty
Sn t nhin phi tiu dit, khng cn khin qun Trnh nhc mt. Mt s gi tu
ring vi Phc, ng khng i khng n, chung khng g, khng ku. Phc
hiu , cho qun tin vo B Chnh. Nguyn Tip gi ly ng Hi. Hong nh
Th tin gn n ly Trn Ninh, qun s m ca u hng. Qun Trnh chim gn
dinh Qung Bnh. (NTLTB, XI, Du Tng thng, 1962:246-47)
Thng 12/1774, Trnh Sm mang thy qun vo dinh H Trung ym tr
Hong Ng Phc. Phc tin n o Lu n [ph Vnh Linh, Qung Tr]. Truyn
hch ch mun loi Trng Phc Loan, khng c xm ln. Chng dinh Nguyn
Hung (hay Cung, con th t Phc Khot) v Nguyn Cu Php bt Loan np
bng ng thy. Dng thm 800 lng vng ln cha Trnh, v tng Phc 200 lng.
ng thi np s sch xin cng hin ln L Hin Tng (1740-1786). Dn chng
cng ni ln p ph nh Loan, git cht anh ca Loan l Sinh c hu. (PBTL,
(1972), tr 122-27; NLTTB, (1995), s 219, tr 271-72)
Sau , Ng Phc i hp qun Ph Xun nh Ty Sn. nh Vng c
binh chng gi, b thua. Ngy 8/1/1775, qun Trnh bi qun Nguyn c
Giang. Phc Thun sai Tng Phc m gi mt bc, tp trung thy qun pha
nam. Cho lnh Phc Dng di tn trc vo Qung Nam. (PBTL (1972), tr 122-
26, 128; NTLTB, XI, Du Tng thng, 1962: 248-49)
Ngy 29/1/1775 [28/12 Gip Ng], qun Trnh tin n gn Ph Xun [Hu].
Hm sau, 30/1 [29/12 Gip Ng], Phc Thun b chy vo ca T Dung, cng
100 ty tng. Nguyn Chng cng ri Hu cng nhiu ngi trong tn tht. Ngy
ny qun Trnh chim Hu. (NTLTB, XII: Du Tng h, 1962, 1:249)
Mng ba Tt t Mi [2/2/1775], i qun Trnh vo Ph Xun. Hong Ng
Phc sai ngi truy kch nh vng Thun. Thun tro gp qua ni Hi Vn, vo
tr trong mt ngi cha ba [3] ngy. Sau [5/2/1775] b vo ca bin Cu ,
Qung Nam. Qun Trnh mi cp vng bc, khng truy kch theo. (PBTL (1972),
tr. 130) Lit truyn ghi l Bn Gi [Gi Tn]; NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h,
1962:250-51, NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:28-9)
Trnh Sm phong Phc lm Trn th Thun Ha. Phc cho lnh san bng cc
ly B chnh v Khang lc. Ly ngi Thun Ha lm huyn lnh.
Tai Qung Nam, Phc Thun ngng chn Gi Tn [bn Gi]. T qun
Nguyn Cu Dt xin lp Phc Dng lm Th t [ng cung] hu cng
Nguyn nh, Ch v m trn gi Qung Nam. Dng, p nh tranh v, l con
c nht ca con th 9 V Vng Khot.
Vi ngy sau, qun Ty Sn chia 2 ng thy b tin nh. Cu Dt chy
qua Tr Sn, ri Lin Ch thu thp chin thuyn vo nam tm vin binh. (NTLTB,
XII: Du Tng, h, 1962, 1:250-51). Ngy 13/3/1775 chy khi Nng. B bo
to, bn Nguyn Knh v Nguyn Cu Dt m thuyn, mt tch. Ch c thuyn
nh vng Thun thot nn. Trn thuyn c Chng, 13 [14] tui, v anh em. Ti
Bnh Khang gp bn Tng Phc Hp, Nguyn Khoa Thuyn t Hn Khi [Yn
Cng] n rc. Giao cho Hp ch huy lc lng Cn vng Bnh Khang, ri
cng Nguyn Khoa Thuyn, Chng C Trng Phc Thn vo Gia nh. Chng
c st bn Phc Thun, coi lnh hu cn [T dc]. (7)
7. NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:250-51; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801,
1963:27-29; PBTL ghi Nguyn Hu Du cng 16 chin thuyn; (1972), tr 131.
M cng ch Chng chy ra Qung Tr; nm 1779 [thng 3 K Hi], mi vo
 ti Gia nh. (NCBLT, q. I, III, (1993), 2:12, 65; NTLCB, I, 2: 1878-1801,
1963:31)

Ngy 25/3/1775 thuyn Phc Thun (Du Tng) ti Bn Ngh, Gia nh.
Cha con Mc Thin T ti ly cho. Thun phong T lm c qun cng; con
T l Hong lm Chng c, Thng lm Cai c Thng thy, Din lm tham tng
cai c; v gi o Trn Giang, hu lo vic Cn Vng. (NTLTB, XII: Du
Tng, h, 1962:251-52)
Thng 3/1775, Nguyn Nhc chim Qung Nam. Trnh Sm cho lnh i
Trn th Phc nh Qung Nam. Ri rt binh v Thng Long. (CMCB, XLIV:22-
24, (H Ni: 1998), II:719-21; NNTC, VII: Qung Nam, (1997), 2:335 [331-400]
Thng 4/1775, Ng Phc giao cho Bi Th t gi Hu, chia binh hai o
nh Qung Nam. Ph c n Cu , bt sng m v v Thun. (PBTL (1972),
tr. 131) Ri ph c n Trung Sn.
Ng Phc vt ni Hi Vn, t n Trung Sn v x Cu (huyn Ha
Vinh) tin qun. Nhc sai L Ti v Tp nh chn nh Cm Sa (huyn Ha
Vinh). Theo L Qu n, qun Ty Sn nh chm hn lon; nhng k binh ca
Trnh th lin tc ym tr nhau, trn khng v. Tp nh thua chy. Nhc v L
Ti lui gi Bn Vn (Bn Tn, ranh gii H ng, Qung Nam, v Bnh Sn,
Qung Ngi). (CMCB, XLIV:22-24, (H Ni: 1998), II:719-21. NNTC, q. VII:
Qung Nam, (1997), 2:336, 341 (H ng, nay l Tam K) [331-400], q. VIII:
Qung Ngi, (1997), 2:403, 430).
Phc vo ng Qung Nam. (NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:253)
Thng 5/1775, Tp nh v L Ti bt c Phc Dng, mang v Hi An.
Tp nh mun git, nhng L Ti cn li. Nhc a ng cung Dng vo Qui
Nhn, g con gi l Th Hng cho Dng, mun lp Dng lm cha. Dng
khng ng . (NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:253-54) Nhc cng tm cch
ging ha vi Tng Phc Hp [Hip]. Nu ln danh ngha "cn vng": ph ng
cung Dng chng Trnh, nhng khng thnh cng. (NCBLT, q.XXX:Ngy Ty,
7a-b; (1970), tr 32-33)
Thng 6/1775, Nhc xin hng Ng Phc i ph vi qun Nguyn: Np t
ba ph Qung Ngha, Qui Ninh v Ph Yn, ng thi tnh nguyn lm tin phong
i nh Gia nh. Phc ng , sai Nguyn Hu Chnh em sc, c phong Nhc
lm Ty sn Hiu trng Trng tit Tng qunmt c hi cho Cng Chnh
m nhp cu lin lc, mn qun Ty Sn tr th ring..
Thng sau, Hip rt v gi Hn Khi; Tng Phc Ha gi t Cam.
Nhng qun Ty Sn nh bi Hip [Hp]. Nguyn Hu git cai i Nguyn Vn
Hin, bt c cai c Nguyn Khoa Kin (con Nguyn Khoa Thuyn). Cho L Ti
trn th Ph Yn. (NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:254; NLTTB (1852),
(1995), tr133, 134 [1777: Tng Phc Ha t t; (1995):135].
Uy danh vin tng tr Ty Sn vang di. Hai ngn on ao v ti iu binh
khin tng ca Nguyn Vn Bnh [Hu] khin Hong Ng Phc tin n
Chu , thuc a phn Bnh Sn [Qung Ngi], phong Nguyn Vn Bnh [Hu]
tc Ty sn hiu Tin phong Tng qun. (PBTL (1972), tr. 132. [PBTL, q. I, tr.
39, n3?]; NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 8a, 17b (1970), tr. 34-35 [ghi rng Nhc xin
cho Hu c phong tc ny], 72-73.
Thng 10 11/1775, v binh lnh b bnh, Ng Phc rt v Ph Xun. Trnh
Sm c Bi Th t gi Hu, Nguyn nh ng gi chu . Nguyn Nghim
xin ng b Qung Nam, triu nh khng nghe, nn b hai ph Thng Hoa v
in Bn, ko v Ph Xun. (PBTL (1972), tr. 133)
Thng 11-12/1775. lc lng ph Nguyn ni ln hai ph Thng Hoa, in
Bn, Qung Nam. Cm u l Nguyn Quyn (con th 14 Phc Khot), Nguyn
Xun (con th 17), vi Trng Phc T lm Mu ch. C khch bun l Tt b
tin gip . Nhc nh gn hai thng mi thng. Quyn mt tch [cht?] Qung
Nam. Xun chy vo Gia nh, (NCBLT,, q. XXX:8b; (1970), tr. 36-7; NLTTB,
(1993), 62-3; (1995):s 92 v 94, 115-16. PBTL khng ghi chi tit ny)
Dn i to. (NTLCB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:254-55) [
Ti Ph Yn, L Ti phn Ty Sn, ng theo nh Nguyn. Don Ngnh hay
Chu Vn Tip cng Hunh Chu [Nguyn Hunh c] dn 1,000 qun t ni Tr
Lang v u phc. (NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:255; NCBLT, q. 6, (Hu:
1993), II:108-9 [107-12]
Thng 12 1775-1/1776, Trnh Sm triu Ng Phc v bc. Bi Th t ln
thay. Qung Ngi (Chu b dch t). Nh vy, anh em Ty Sn li chim Qung
Nam. (CMCB, XLIV:28, (H Ni: 1998), II:725.
i Gia Long, hai cng thn Nguyn Vn Thnh v ng Trn Thng b
thanh trng khi u t vic L Cht t co h sc phong Hong Ng Phc lm
thn. Tuy nhin, trong hai v n ny, t th gia L Cht, L Vn Duyt ch l ph,
nguyn c chnh l vic k v gia Hong t m v Hong tn n, con Thi t
Cnh.
Thng 3-4/1776, Trnh Sm phong L Qu nlm tham th Thun Ha. (8)
8. NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:256; PBTL (1972); CMCB,
XLIII:34-35, (H Ni: 1998), II:697. Tc gi Vn i Lun Ng [hay Vn
i Lun Ng [Classified Talk from the Study] ang l Th lang Li b kim
Quc s Tng ti. Sau 6 thng lm Hip trn, tham tn qun c cho Bi Th
t Thun Ha. v kinh lm C mt s v, kim Chng ti ph. Nm 1778
thng Quyn ph s, Ngha Phi hu. Nm 1780, theo lnh Trnh Sm, lm n
bn c trn Sn Ty l Nguyn Khn ti mu vi Trnh Khi lm lon, theo
li vu co ca ng Th Hu v Huy qun cng Hong T L (HLNTC) Nm
1783, Thng th b Cng. 1784: Cht. S ng gp cho s hc Vit Nam
ca Bng Nhn n l iu qu hin nhin.

Ti Qui Nhn, Nguyn Nhc t xng lm Ty sn [Thin] vng. Phong L

lm Thiu ph, Hu lm Ph chnh. Xy thm thnh Bn. a ng cung
Dng v Thp Thp. Nhng Dng tm cch trn c vo Gia nh. (NCBLT,
q. XXX:9A; (1970), tr. 39; NTLTB, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:256)
 C. Ty Sn Dit Nguyn:
m 14 hay 15/11/1776, Nguyn Phc Dng trn vo ti Si Gn. D
c L Ti tr li. (TB, I, XII: Du Tng, h, 1962:258-59; NLTTB, s 27,
(1995):110 [108-14] Cao T Thanh ghi l 24/11/1776 [14/10 Bnh Thn], tr. 113,
n11]. C l khng ng. Ngy 24/11/1776 hay 14/10 Bnh Thn l ngy Nhm T]
Ngy 14/12/1776 Phc Thun nhng ngi cho Phc Dng ti cha Kim
Chng (ngoi thnh Gia nh) ln lm Thi Thng vng. (9) Phc Dng
phong Nguyn Ch lm thiu ph; Nguyn Xun lm Chng c, L Ti lm Bo
gi i tng qun Phm Cng L lm Ngoi hu. Sai Tng Phc Ha v Thim
Lc gi Long H. (NTLTB, XII, 1962:263)
9. NTLTB, XII, h, 1962:259. Lit Truyn hm L Ti ang lm phn,
gi ni Chiu Thi, tn Phc Dng lm Tn Chnh vng, Phc Thun
lm Thi Thng vng; NCBLT, q. XXX: Ngy Ty, 9A (Si Gn: 1970),
tr 38-39.

Nguyn Chng (cn c tn khc l Non, sau i thnh nh) cng khng a
L Ti, xin v Ba Ging, chiu tp binh m ng Sn. L Ti bn p Phc
Dng i Du Mt [Th Du Mt]. Nhng hm sau, 15/12/1776, Trng Phc
Dnh a tr li Si Gn. (NTLCB, I, 2:1788-1801, 1963:28; NTLTB, XII,
1962:264)
[TS 3] Thng Ba inh Du [8/4-6/5/1777], Nguyn Hu mang binh thuyn
vo nam truy dit qun Nguyn. Tn chnh vng Phc Dng c L Ti gi Si
Gn, ring mnh ti gi Trn Bin. B binh Ty Sn dng thng o ph qun
Ph tit ch Nguyn Cu Tun, v Chng trng Nguyn i L. L Ti
chng li thy qun Ty Sn Si Gn cng b bt li. Phc Dng t Trn
Bin tr li Si Gn. Vi ngy sau, Ty Sn n nh. L Ti dng Ngha Ha
qun, thng vi trn Hc Mn. Sau rt v Si Gn v tng lm vin qun l
qun ng Sn. Ty Sn ui theo. L Ti thua chy v Ba Ging, b qun ng
Sn git. Tn chnh vng chy v gi Tranh Giang (sng Chanh, Gia nh).
Thng 9/1777, Tn Chnh Vng Dng v hng ti Ba Vit [Vt], thn Phc
Hnh, l s huyn Tn Minh. Tng Phc Ha b git [t t] y. Ngy
19/9/1777 [Tn Hi, 18/8 inh Du], hay 18/9/1777 [Canh Tut, 17/8 inh Du].
Tn Chnh Vng Dng b x t. Nm 1806, Gia Long ch truy phong lm Mc
Vng..(10)
10. NNTC, q. XXIX: Vnh Long, (1997), 5:145: NTLTB, XII,
1962:263 [259-63]; NLTTB, Thanh (1995), tr 112, 114n26)

Phc Thun c Nguyn Chng mang binh ti cu, a qua Cn Th (An

Giang), ri Long Xuyn (H Tin). Qun Ty Sn truy kch n Long Xuyn.
Thng 10/1777, Phc Thun b bt a v Gia nh ri x t ngy 17/10/1777
hay 18/10/1777 [17/9 hay Canh Thn [18]/9 inh Du]. Hng dng 23 tui 10
thng [24 tui ta]. Nm 1806, Gia Long truy phong Du tng tc Hiu nh
Hong . (11)
 11. NTLTB, XII, 1962:263; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:28 [ghi l
Canh Thn [18]/9 inh Du] 18/10/1777])

Nguyn Hu ko qun v Qui Nhn. Nguyn L li Gia nh. (Lit Truyn

chp c L ln Hu ko v Qui Nhn. bn Tng c Chu, h tng Hn, t
khu Uy, iu khin Ho, cai c Chn gi Gia nh; (NCBLT, q. XXX (Hu:
1993), 2:497; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:28).

D. Chn i bo th mi l i ngha.

1. Thi gian ny, th lc anh em Ty Sn ngy mt thng tin. Hi lng vi

vic git c hai cha Nguyn cui cng ti x ng Nai, thng 1-2/1778,
Nguyn Nhc xng , hiu l Thi c. Gi thnh Bn [Vijaya] l Hong
thnh. Phong L lm Thiu ph [Tit ch]; Hu lm Ph chnh [Long tng
Tng qun]. (12)
12. NLTCB, q.XXX: Ngy Ty, 9B-10A (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 40-3.

2. Vo thi im ny, cha Nguyn tr thnh mt th lc ng k ng

Nam . Ca s m ra cho vic ton cu ho ca i Vit l nhng cuc nam tin
khng ngng t th k XVII. Chim Thnh [tc Champa] b xo tn trn bn
khu vc. Ri n Thy Chn Lp [Shui Chenla]vng t rng hoang bt ngn
v snh ly nc ng m vua Angkor t nhn ch quyn t nm 1623, tng
ng vi phn lnh th Nam b hin nay. Ngoi ra, t nm 1708, cha Nguyn
cn tha nhn trn H Tin t tr ca Mc Cu v con chu, im nng th hai
trong lin h vi Xim La.
Mt th k ngng bn gia nam v bc t khong 1674 ti 1774 gip ng
Trong tr thnh Qung Nam quc, bit lp dn vi ng Ngoi ca Cha
Trnh, gi l An Nam quc, di quyn cai tr nng phn nghi thc ca cc vua
L Trung Hng (1543-1789). T nm 1646-1647, trong khi tri git theo nhng
cuc truy st ca qun Thanh, triu nh mt Minh (1644-1664) Lm An/Phc
Kin tr li i Vit v th ch hu [guo, hay vassal state]. S Minh sang tn H
Ni phong L Thn Tng lm An Nam Quc Vng, d Thn Tng nhng
ngi cho u vng Chn Tng, ang gi chc Thi Thng Hong. Nm 1651,
Chu Do Lang (Qu Vng, 1647-1662) nh mt Minh cn phong Trnh Trng lm
Ph Quc vng, trao i ly tip vn v qun lng. (VSK, BKTT,
XVIII:41b-42b, Lu et Long (2009), 3:284)
Sau khi dit nh Minh, nm 1667, Huyn Hoa (nin hiu Kangxi [Khang Hy],
1662-1722) cng tha nhn vai tr hu quc v ch vua L-cha Trnh ca An
Namphong Huyn Tng tc An Nam Quc Vng. Nh Thanh cn b tc
cng ngi vng [jinren] m Chu Hu Tng [Minh Th Tng] p t nm 1427,
vi snh l nng n, ln ti khong 5,000-10,000 lng vng/bc mi nm. Khng
km quan trng, nm 1677, Huyn Hoa quay mt lm ng cho cha Trnh dit khu
t tr ca h Mc Thi Nguyn (Cao Bng hin nay), v h Mc hng phc
Ng Tam Qu [Wu Sangui] khi Tam Qu phn nh Thanh. Nm 1705, Huyn Hoa
t chi yu cu phong vng ca Nguyn Phc Chu ng Trongd con
bun Thanh tp np ti bun bn Qung Nam, H Tin v ng Ph.
Nm 1728, Dn Chn (Ung Chnh, 1723-1736) cn cho nh li bin gii ty
bc ca An Nam, ly sng Ch lm ranh gii. Phi ti i Hong Lch (Cn
Long [Qianlong] (1735-1796, TTH, 1796-1799)vua Mn Chu c Hn ha
u tintham vng m rng bin cng v o vng thn tnh thin h mi ti
sinh, dn git Hn tc vo mt th k nhc nh [a century of humiliation] trong
vn s TH v th gii. (12bis)
12bis. Ngy Nguyn (Wei Yuan, 1794-1854), Sheng Wuji [Thnh V K] (1842),
[Cn Long Chinh v An Nam k; pp 187-88]; Truong Buu Lam, Intervention versus
Tribute in Sino-Vietnam Relations, 1788-1790; in John King Fairbank, (ed) The Chinese
World Order: Traditional Chinese Foreign Relations (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ
Press, 1968), pp 165-179, 321-26 [notes] [s dng i Thanh Lch Triu Thc Lc (Tokyo:
1937-1938), 1315:7ab [c l l ngy lch ta, 21/10 Mu Thn, tc 16/11/1788].

3. Tuy nhin, h Nguyn tng m mang v cai tr ng Trong hn hai trm

nm. Chin thng ca Ty Sn nm 1777 cha l chin thng cui cng. Thnh
vin h Nguyn rt ng, ri rc t Thun Ha ra Thanh Ha (Nguyn Hu), v
cn ngc ln Cao Bng (Nguyn Hu v B). Trong s dng gii h Nguyn,
hng chc ngi tip tc cuc tranh hng. Tiu biu nht l Nguyn Chng
(8/2/1762-3/2/1820) [Chng: bn tri ch Nht [Thi], bn phi ch Trng [ThC
706]; c ngha l mt tri khi gia tra], tc Non, [Non : bn tri ch Nht,
bn phi ch Vin], hay nh [bn tri ch Nht, bn phi ch Anh]. D mi hn
15 tui [16 tui ta], Chng tng nm cm qun bo v Phc Thun t ngy lu
lc vo Si Gn. (13)
13. NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:27. Ngy 1/6/1802 (2/5 Nhm Tut), ln ngi vua.
t nin hiu Gia Long. Ngy 28/6/1806 [12/5 Bnh Dn], t xng Hong . Ibid., 3:1802-
1808, 1963:23, 27. 262, 283) ngi 17 nm, mt ngy 3/2/1820 ([inh Mi] 19/12 K
Mo), th 57 tui; Ibid., 4:1809-1820, 1963:398. [Chaigneau ghi l ngy 2/2/1820] Gi chc
cha 22 nm (1780-1802); cai tr lu nht, 39 nm; Cao Xun Dc, Quc Triu Chnh Bin
Tot Yu [QTCBTY] (Si Gn: NCLS, 1971), tr 7 [tm lc t Gia Long ti ng Khnh,
14/9/1885-28/1/1889. Dc l t tu Quc t Gim, c chn trong ban bin son NTLCB,
K V: Kin Phc].

Theo ti liu Ki-tcha hn trung thc v kh tnt cui nm 1777 gio

mc Paul H Vn Ngh pht hin ra tng tch Nguyn Chng trn ng o
tu ti C Mau bn ly, nc ng nh Ch L, Gi Nga [hay Ng], (13) cng
cc hoang o, giang sn ca hi tc chng tc.
13bis. Ma H 1964, sau khi tt nghip kha 16 Pho Binh Dc M, chng ti c c
hi nhn mt chin chinh v khi u Nghip L ti vng Thi Bnh, Ch L, Gi
Nga ny. Ni danh vi bn ly, nc ng, mui mng, a tru, nhng cnh ng nng
ngp nc ngt ngn, v rng trm, c lc b khai quang. Nhng ngi lnh S on 21 B
Binh trong giai on 1963-1964 mi ng hng tr cp cht da cam. Khong nm 1999-
2000, chng ti c dp gp li Tm, cu i y qun trng Ch L, ti Houston, Texas.
 ng thi cc quan tng nh Nguyn cng mn trn, lng gt mu cu danh
vng mi. H dng m tang ch chu Nguyn Phc Thun, Nguyn Phc
Dng lm l th phc th, tn Nguyn Chng lm i nguyn sy. Hai nhn
vt c nhc nhiu nht l Thanh Nhn, th lnh 3,000 qun ng Sn, v
Tng Phc Khung, ngi s tr thnh cha v Chng. Ngoi ra cn mt s
ngi h Nguyn qui t v tm v Si Gn (Phin Trn), theo tinh thn chn i
bo th mi l i ngha. Mt s k vo giy y quyn nm 1782, nh Hi
ng Hong tc, ph thc cho Nguyn Chng ton quyn i cu ngoi vintc
Xim La v i Ty (Php). Vn kh B Ngoi Giao Php cn lu tr cc t liu
nh giy y quyn ca Hong tc, th Nguyn nh gi triu nh Php do c
s ton quyn Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau, Gim mc dAdran [sch c thng
ghi l Pigneau de Behaine, vi hm xut thn qu tc;nhng thc t cha
Georges Pigneau ch l qun gia ca mt qu tc t Aisne]. Pigneau dch qua
ting Php cc ti liu vit bng ch Nho, mang theo vt v nhn chng lm tin
sang Paris nh n tn, v nht l Hong trng t Nguyn Cnh (6/4/1780-
20/3/1801). (14)
14. Sinh ngy 6/4/1780 (Tn t, thng 3 Canh T), phong ng Cung Thi t, nguyn
sy ngy 1/5/1793; cht bnh u ma ngy 20/3/1801 (Qu Su, thng 2 Tn Du);
NCBLT, I, q 2 (1993), 2:44-54; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:33-34, 165, 386.

4. Ngy 28/2/1780, Chng ln ngi ln th hai, xng Cha (An Nam Quc
Vng?) Gia nh thnh (Si Gn). Dng n i Vit quc, Nguyn Cha,
Vnh trn chi bo do Nguyn Phc Chu (1692-1725) ch ra, lm vt bu truyn
ngi. Phong Thanh Nhn lm Ngoi Hu Ph Chnh Thng tng cng. (15)
15. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:33; NCBLT, q. 27 (Hu: 1993), 2:468-69 [467-
70]; 452-57 [L Vn Qun], [458-60 [Nguyn Vn Thy], 461-62 [Lu Phc Tng].

Theo mt thng tin Ki-t, lc ny Chng cn yu nn s Thanh Nhn v

cng. Thanh Nhn nm trn quyn hnh, khng ch chng Ty Sn m cn mang
qun qua Chn Lp, hay nh dp lc lng Khmer Tr Vinh..
Ngy 14/4/1781,do s xi by ca Chng c Tng Phc Thim. Chng v
au bng, cho gi Ngoi hu Ph chnh Thng tc cng Nhn vo gp. Ri
dng v s git i. Ti: " cng m sanh kiu t." (16)
16. (NTLCB,I: 2: 1778-1801, 1963:35-6; QSCBTY:10; NCBLT, q. XIII, (Hu:
1993), 2:208-9 [Tng Phc Thim]; q. 27, (Hu: 1993), 2:469-70. [Nm Nhm Dn [1782],
khi Chng chy ti Ba Ging, Thim b qun ng Sn git].

Ring Hunh Chu tc Nguyn Hunh c, qu Kin Hng, nh Tng, v

L Vn Qun tng gii ca Thanh Nhn, c trng dng. Nhiu qun ng
Sn b i lm gic cp. Chng bn chia qun ng Sn vo 4 qun: L Vn
Qun gi Tin qun; V Don Chim, gi Hu qun; Tng Phc Lng gi T
qun; Trng Vn Bc, Hu qun. Thng 5 -6/1781, nh a qun ra nh Th
Ni. Binh s ng Sn b trn. Chng sai Nguyn nh Thuyn v Tng Phc
Lng ti nh git nhng tng kit lit nht. (17)
 17. NCBLT, q. VII, (Hu: 1993), 2:123-28, 209-10 [Nguyn nh Thuyn] v Tng
Phc Lng; NTLCB, I: 2: 1778-1801, 1963:36;

Nm 1835, Minh Mng tuyn b vi Phan Huy Thc, ngi son Thc Lc,
rng Thanh Nhn phm nhng li sau: t sng ngi, bn cht n b c thai;
tin lng gi c; thm ch ngy gi cha Nguyn Chng cng khng cho tin,
khin Chng phi cm o ly tin cng l; hay trong ni, c lm phn, mc ni
vi Ty Sn. Chng dit i, bng khng bit u khng thnh Trnh Kim th hai.
(18)
18. NTLCB, II, 16: 1835, 1966:74. Thng tin ny cng c ghi li trong Lit truyn,
mc Thanh Nhn, q 27.

V Minh Mng ch cho i 10 nm sau v m st ny (sinh nm 1791), tht

kh c tin vo thng tin trn.
[C 1]. Thng 5 Tn Su [23/5-21/6/1781]: Nguyn Vng phi qun ra nh Ty Sn.
Thi gian ny, Chng c ti hn 30,000 qun, 80 thuyn i bin, ba [3] tu ln, hai [2] tu
Ty. Ty Sn dng voi trn, li v v git Thanh Nhn, qun ng Sn b i, phi rt v.
(NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:37)
Thng 5 nhun Tn Su [22/6-20/7/1781] V Nhn v Bng thuc qun ng
Sn ni dy. Gi t Ba Ging [ hai tng Kin Hng v Kin ng, huyn nh Tng];
gm ging Ci n, ging K Ln v ging Qua Qua; tip gip ng Thp Mi. nh tan
qun Nguyn ca Nguyn nh Thuyn v Tng Phc Lng. Nhng sau b qun Chng
git cht. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:37)
Thng 10 Tn Su [16/11-14/12/1781]: Vua Xim Taksin (Trnh Quc Anh, hay Phi
nh Tn) sai hai anh em Chakri [Cht Tri] v Mahakasatsuk (S Si) nh Chn Lp. Ang
Eng (Nc n) cu cu Chng. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:37)

5. Pierre J G Pigneau (1741-1799), mt thi c cung vn thnh vua thc

s ng Trong hay Nam, lin h vi Nguyn Chng t cui nm 1777, sau
khi Nguyn Hu git hai cha Nguyn cui cng, Phc Dng v Phc Thun.
Mi gii l Trm Nam.
Thng 12/1771-1/1772, Pigneau ri Pondichry qua Xim La thnh lp chng
vin Virampatuam. Ri thay Piguel lm Gim mc ng Trong. Ngy
27/2/1774 c chnh thc th phong. Nm 1775, v chin tranh Xim-Min in,
ri chng vin vo Cochin-chine.(?) Ngy 12/3/1775, n H Tin, thnh lp
chng vin Cu Quao. Thp tng c 4 gio s, 8 chng sinh v 4 gio mc Vit.
Morvan Jacques Nicolas iu khin trng ny cho ti khi cht ngy 15/1/1776.
Le Clerc Tite ln thay. (BAVH, 16)
Thng 5-6/1780, Pigneau [B a Lc] tr thnh mt c vn ngi Php u
tin ca Nguyn Chng. (19)
19. NCBLT, q. XXVIII, (1993), 2:476-77 [chp chung vi by t )

6. Thng 7/1780, Nguyn Chng sai s qua Xim La (cai c Sm v Tnh).

S ang Xim, c tu Xim t Qung ng v bo tin b Lu th H Tin l
Thng nh cp, git ngi. Taksin (Phi Nh Tn) tc gin tng giam c s on
Nguyn. [K ly gin ca Ty Sn?] Sau , [B] ng Giao ca Chn Lp mt
tu vi vua Xim l Nguyn Xun v Mc Thin T mu lm ni ng nh thnh
Bangkok.
Ngy 1/11/1780, Taksin nh cht con Mc Thin T l Mc T Duyn. T t t.
Nguyn Xun, cng Sm, Tnh v gia nh h Mc 55 ngi b git. Ngi Vit Bangkok
b y i xa. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:34-5 [ghi l thng 6]; Lch triu tp k, II,
1975:200) [K ly gin ca Ty Sn] Lch triu tp k, II, 1975:199-200; i Nam Lit
Truyn Tin Bin [NLTTB], q. 6, bn dch Cao T Thanh (H Ni: NXB KHXHNV,
1995), II:116 (con th 17 Th Tng), VI:247-48 [242-51, Mc Cu, Mc Thin T, v.. v..])

Thng 2-3/1782, Chng sai Gim qun trung dinh Chng c Nguyn Hu
Thy [Vn Thoi] cng H Vn Ln em binh thuyn i cu vin Chn Lp. V
ang c bin lon Xim (Phi nh Oan Sn lm o chnh, bt gi Taksin, ri cho
ngi mi Chakri v nc. Thoi v Chaophraya Mahakasatsuk [S-si], emg Cht
Tri gii ha. Anh em Chakri mang binh v Thonburi, b mt git Taksin ri ti
cho Oan Sn. Thng 4/1782:: Chakri ln lm vua, tc Rama I (1782-1809) Em l
Chaophraya Mahakasatsuk (S Si) lm Ph vng, chu l Ma Lc lm Th tng
(Ph vng th hai). Rama I phng thch nhng Vit kiu b lu y; nhng li sai
That-si-a chim H Tin. (20)
20. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:38-39, 41; NCBLT, q. XIII, (Hu: 1993), 2:211-
12 [Nguyn Hu Thy, Qu huyn, Thanh Ha]; khc vi Ibid., q.XXVII, 2:458-459
[Nguyn Hu Thoi])

7. [TS 5]: Thng 4-5/1782, Nguyn Nhc v Nguyn Hu mang qun vo

nh ca Cn Gi. Ph tan thy binh Chng ti sng Tht K. Git cht
Emmanuel (Mn Ho), mt thy th Php Macao, sau qua Xim theo Pigneau,
c Pigneau dng ln Chng. Chng cho lm quan, lo vic ng chin thuyn.
Lc lm trn, tu b mc cn. Lnh Vit b chy. Chng mang qun n cu, b
thua trn sng Tam K, rt chy v Ba Ging. Qun Ty Sn git Emmanuel.
(SKNV:23-4; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:39) Tha thng, ko thng ln
chim li Si Gn. (21)
21. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:40. B a Lc a v con Chng chy qua Chn
Lp. Khi qun Khmer nh bt giao cho Ty Sn, by mu cho Pigneau, a n vng Tam
Ph on t. SKNV, 1974:26.

Thng 5-6/1782], c bn Trn Cng Chng v Ho Ngha qun (gc Hoa)

tng vin. Git Phm Ngn cu Tham Lng. Nhc cho lnh git hn 10,000
ngi Hoa Gia nh bo th, xc qung xung sng. Trn mt thng sau,
khng ai dm ung nc sng hay n tm c. Chng phi tu thot xung nh
Tng. B Nguyn Hu nh ui sang H Tin, ri i thuyn nh ra Ph Quc.
(22)
22. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:40-2.

8. [TS 6]. Thng 3-4/1783, Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu li vo nh Gia

nh. Chng chy xung nh Tng. Ty tng ch c bn Nguyn Kim Phm 5,
6 ngi. Phi ci tru m vt sng qua M Tho. a m v gia quyn chy ra
Ph Quc. (23)
23. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:46-47; QTCBTY:12.

Pigneau theo Chng ra Ph Quc. Sai hai c o Espania l Giacb v

Maneo qua Philippines cu vin. B Ty Sn bt gi mang v Qui Nhn tra
kho. Sau Chng li thuyt phc Pigneau qua Xim xin cu vin. Pigneau thot
tin khng chu, nhng cui cng ng . Ring Don Ngnh [Chu Vn Tip] an
ton chy qua Xim, c Rama ng cu gip. (24)
24. NCBLT, 28 (Hu: 1993), 2:476-77. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:53.

9. Thng 7-8/1783, Nguyn Hu sai binh thuyn ra vy nh Cn Ln. B

bo ln, thit hi nhiu. Chng b chy v C lao C-ct. Sau chy v Ph Quc.
Trn trnh trn cc hoang o. Chng cho ngi qua Chantabun (Chantabunri,
Chn bn), mi Pigneau ti gp. Nh Pigneau qua Xim cu vin. (25)
25. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:48-49; NCBLT, I, 28 (Hu: 1993), 2:476 ;
QTCBTY:12.

Thc Lc ghi l Chng sai ngi sang Chantabun mi Pigneau. y thc

Pigneau qua i Ty xin vin tr. Gi Hong t Cnh lm tin. Sai Phm Vn
Nhn (1735-1815) v cai c th v Nguyn Vn Lim h tng Hong t Cnh. (26)
26. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:49-50; NCBLT, (1993), 2:129 [129-133, truyn
Phm Vn Nhn], q. 28 (Hu: 1993), 2:476 ghi l nh qua Xim)

Theo SKNV, Pigneau v Chng lc nhau khi nh gh ca G Cng, b qun

cp Ch-v ui. Pigneau qua li Chantabun [Chn-bn], cch Bangkok 150 dm.
Sau ln Bangkok, c vua Xim tip. Mt khc, c ngi i tm Chng. Mt
gio dn Chantabun l Trm Nam nhn i tm lim trm bn, khm ph ra Chng
o Hn Da. Ph t ca Pigneau l Li- [Jacques Liot (1751-1811)] bn a
thuyn tip t cho Chng. Sau , Pigneau cng ri Bangkok v Chantabun, v ti
on t vi Chng. (SKNV, 1974:28-29).
Pigneau li khu ny hai thng. Chng yu cu Pigneau v Php cu vin.
Thot tin, Pigneau t chi. Sau v thng tnh Chng, v hy vng Chng s i
x tt vi Ki-t gio nn nhn li (SKNV, 1974:30).
Ngy 25/11/1784, Pigneau, mang ng Cung Thi t Cnh (6/4/1780-
20/3/1801), lc y mi 4 [5] tui, giy y quyn ca Hi ng Hong tc ngy
18/8/1782 v n tn h Nguyn, i cu vin Php. Trc khi Pigneau ln ng,
lun nhc nh Chng ng nn tin hay cu vin Xim. (27)
27. Liberation du Conseil Royal de la Cochinchine, accordant pleins pouvoirs Monseigneur
Pigneau de Bhaine pour demander secours la France (10/7 [Cnh] Hng th 43; AMAE [Vn Kh
B Ngoi Giao, Paris], Asie, vol. 19, t 101 ; [Ngy 18/8/1782 , Hi ng Hong tc cho php
Nguyn Chng nh Pigneau, cu vin vi Php. Xin Php vin tr 1,500 ngi, s tu cn thit
chuyn ch, cng sng ng (iu VI) ; Giao n tn v Thi t cho Pigneau lm con tin (VII); Ha s
ct cng Touron v vng ca sng Hi An [C lao Chm], cng o Poulo Condore cho Php.(VIII) .
Thc lc ghi l thng 1-2/1785; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:58) Ngy 19/12/1784, ti Malacca.
NCBLT, I, q 2 (1993), 2:44-54; SKNV, 1974:32.
 V Bri-tn chim Pondichry ti 1785, v cc thng c Pondichry
chng i, mi ti thng 9/1786, Pigneau v Cnh mi xung tu qua Php.
Ngy 5/5/1787, c Louis XVI tip kin ti Versailles. Hn 6 thng sau,
ngy 21 v 28/11/1787, Pigneau k vi Ngoi trng Armand-Marc de
Montmorin-St-Hrem (2/1787-7/1789) mt Ho c, ct cho Php bn o
Tourane v Poulau Condore [Cn Sn]; cho Php thit lp trm bun v cn
c Hi qun di theo b bin; i li, Php s gip 1,650 qun [1200 b binh,
200 pho th, 250 da en], chin hm, i bc, kh gii nh nhau vi Ty
Sn.

10. Pigneau i ri, Nguyn Chng b hn 20 thuyn Ty Sn truy ui, lnh

nh ngoi b ng sut 7 ngy, 7 m. Chng phi tri git ti ca Ma Ly (Bnh
Thun?). Sau thot v Ph Quc. V n ca c Cng (sng ng c), git
c Tng Ty Sn l Qun Nguyt. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:50-51)
Thng 8 9/1783, Chng ra o hn Chung, ri hn Da [Th Chu, Pulau
Panjang] Long Xuyn. Theo NNTC, hn Th Chu thuc huyn H Tin, cch
b bin 2 ngy ri ng. Trn c lao c dn c; NNTC (1997), 5:19.
Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu ko qun v Qui Nhn. ph m Trng Vn
a gi Si Gn.

11. i Xim Cu vin:

Mt trong nhng vic lm b mt cha c nghin cu k l chuyn sang
Xim La cu vin vo thng 3-4/1784, sau khi Nguyn Hu hai ln nam chinh,
nh ui Nguyn Chng khi Gia nh thnh, lang thang trn cc hoang o,
di s che ch ca cc cng ng Ki-t di quyn Pigneau. V vic Chng phn
qun ng Sn, quanh Chng ch cn li vi chc th h ca nhm Nguyn Kim
Phm. Nguyn Chng li sai bn Phc in sang Xim cu vin. (28)
28. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:42-3; NCBLT, q. 6, (Hu: 1993),
2:108-9 [107-12],

Gia thi gian ny, Chng nhn c th Don Ngnh [Chu Vn Tip],
qua Xim cu vin t nm trc. Pht vng [Rama] I sai Ngnh i ng b v
nc, v Tng Tht-si-a mang chin thuyn qua H Tin thm th tnh hnh.
Ngnh yu cu Chng ti gp qun Xim cng qua Krung-thp cu vin.
Chng chng cn la chn no khc hn l cho gia quyn ti o Th Chu, ri
sang Xim. Trong on ty tng c Cai i Nguyn Vn Tn, ngi Khmer gc
Tr Vinh. (29)
29. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:53-4.
Theo SKNV, Chng b Tng Xim la bt mang v Xim (1974:32).
 12. Thng 4-5/1784, Chiu Nam cc Chng ti Vng Cc. Gp li bn
Don Ngnh v con chu Mc Thin T l Mc T Sinh, v.. v... Rama I ng
gip . Chiu Nam cc phong Sanh lm Chnh c. (30)
30. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:54-55.

Ba thng sau, Chng dn qun Xim v nc, Tng Xim l Chiu Tng v
Chiu Sng cm u 20,000 thy binh v 300 chin thuyn. (NTLCB, I, 2:
1778-1801, 1963:55-6) Bn Don Ngnh, v con chu Mc Thin T hng hi tip
tay. Qun Xim rt tn bo, n u l cp bc y, dn chng ta thn, phn hn.
Chng tm s vi cc cn thn: Nu c Gia nh m mt lng dn th ta cng
khng n lm. Th hy lui qun ng lm kh bch tnh. (31)
31. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:57.

Thng 8-9/1784, gic Xim ly c o Kin Giang, ph qun Ty Sn ca

Nguyn Ho ti Trn Giang, ko thng n Ba Thc, Tr n, Mn Tht [thit], Sa
c. Chng phong Mc T Sinh lm Tham tng trn H Tin.
Ngy 18/10 Gip Thn [30/11/1784, theo lch VN, hoc 28/11/1784, theo
Cadire], thy chin sng Mn Tht An Giang, Don Ngnh t trn. Trng Vn
a phi chy v Long H. (32)
32. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:56-7; Lch triu tp k, II, 1975:288.

Thng 12/1784-1/1785, cho L Vn Qunmt thi l Ph tng ng Sn

ca Thanh Nhnlm Khm sai tng nhung chng c, ch huy mt trn Ba
Lai, Tr Tn. Chng c ng Vn Lng t trn. Thi gim L Vn Duyt cng
bn i trng Nguyn Vn Khim n bi yt hnh ti. Duyt v Khim b Ty
Sn bt ng Tuyn. Nay trn v. (33)
33. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:56;

[TS 7]. Thng 1/1785, Nguyn Nhc v Nguyn Hu mang qun vo nh

Xim. Nhc phc binh M Tho. Hu mang binh thuyn nh Si Gn. C hng
tng L Xun Gic gip sc, Ri Nguyn Hu phc binh Rch Gm v sng
Xoi Mt (nh Tng), d thuyn Xim li nh. Chiu Tng v Chiu Sng
th thng c vi trn nh, ko binh thuyn ti Tr Sut (M Tho). Ngy
18/1/1785, Nguyn Hu nh tan chin thuyn Xim do Nguyn Chng rc v
Tr Sut. Chiu Tng v Chiu Sng thua to, gom gp c vi ngn qun theo
ng Chn Lp m v nc. Qun Nguyn cng tan v. Tng ca Chng l
"ng Th(?)" (Nguyn Vn Oai) t trn. (34)
34. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:57.

V trn nh qun Xim nm 1785 v hu qu ca n s quan Nguyn khng

du c s n phc Nguyn Hu v anh em Ty Sn. Thng 7 nm inh Mi
(1787), h ghi:
 Ngi Xim t sau cuc bi trn nm Gip Thn [1785], ming tuy ni
khoc m lng th s Ty Sn nh cp, cho nn i vi vua [Nguyn Chng]
du tnh l c trung hu hn, nhng s thc gi li [nc Xim] m thi.
(35)
35. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:65.

Chng li chy v Trn Giang. Ch c t ngi theo hu, k c L Vn Duyt.

Ht lng. Vit th xin Linh mc Jacques Liot cu vin. Trong khi , Mc T
Sinh mang thuyn ti. Sai T Sinh v cai c Trung qua Xim bo tin. Sau Chng
ra hn Da [Th Chu, Poulo Panjang]. (36)
36. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:57-58. Th ngy 25/1/1875 [15/12
Gip Thn], Nguyn nh gi Jacques Liot, trong L. Cadire, Les Francais
aux service de Gia Long: XI. Nguyen Anh et La Mission, Documents
indits; BAVH, XIII, no. 1 (1-3/1926), tr. 20-1])

Ngy 9/4/1785, Chng li chy sang Xim cu vin ln th hai. Hnh ng

ny c v tri ngc vi nhng g Chnghoc s quan Nguyn ghi chpl
Chng tm s vi cc cn thn, k c Pigneau: Nu c Gia nh m mt
lng dn th ta cng khng n lm. Th hy lui qun ng lm kh bch tnh.
(NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:57) Cng c th b dn y vo ng cng,
Chng cht nhn thc c rng mc ch bo th mi l trng, vin nh qun
Xim tn bo, n u l cp bc, git chc ch l ci gi phi trmt trong
nhng thit hi bn l [collateral damages] kh trnh.
Nguyn Chng ti kinh Xim [vo cui thng 5/1785]. Rama I chng cn
hng tm gip Chiu Nam Cc. Khng nhng s oai Nguyn Hu, Xim La
li ang him khch vi Min in [Myanmar]. [Thng 2 Bnh Ng [1786], Min
in tung ba [3] o qun sang nh Xim. Rama I phi nh Nguyn Chng
mang th h i chng c. Ty tng c bn L Vn Qun, Nguyn Vn Thnh, v..
v... Thng sau, Rama I cn sai L Vn Qun i nh gic Ch V. (37)
37. L Vn Qun mang sang Xim khong mt tiu on lnh (600
ngi). NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:57-58, 61; Th ngy 25/1/1875,
Nguyn nh gi Jacques Liot ; Cadire, XI. Nguyen Anh et la Mission;
BAVH, XIII, no. 1 (1-3/1926), tr. 20-21.

Mi ti nm 1787sau khi anh em Ty Sn bt ha, Nguyn Hu a qun

vy hm Hong thnh, ri ph L dit Trnhngy 13/8/1787, Chng mi trn
khi Xim v nc.

A. THANH [QING, 1644-1912]:

[Mt b phn ca dn tc N Chn, ng Bc TH, khng theo Kim
nh Tng. 1616: t tn nc l i Kim.
Thi t (1616-1626) t kinh Thm Dng);
1636: Thi Tng (1627-1643) i tn nc l Thanh [Qing].
 1. Thun Tr (Th T, 1644-1661) chim c Yn kinh.
2. Huyn Hoa (Thnh T, 1662-1722) [nin hiu Khang Hy [Kangxi]
3. Dn Chn (Th Tng, 1723-1735) [Ung Chnh]
4. Hong Lch (Cao Tng, 1735-1796 [Cn Long], TTH, 1796-1799)
5. Ngung Dim (Nhn Tng, 1796-1820 [Gia Khnh])
1799: Git Ha Khn
6. Mn Ninh (Tuyn Tng, 1821-1850 [o Quang])
7. Dch Tr (Vn Tng, 1851-1861 [Hm Phong])
8. Ti Thun (Mc Tng, 1862-1872) [ng Tr]
9. Ti im (c Tng, 1874-1908 [Quang T]; T Hy Thi Hu cm
quyn) Cung thn vng nhip chnh. 1908: Thun Thn vng nhip
chnh.
10. Ph Nghi (Tuyn Tng, 1908-1911) (Tuyn Thng , 1908-1911
[Tuyn Thng], Thun Thn Vng Ti Thun nhip chnh)
10/10/1911: Khi ngha V Xng. Chnh ph lm thi Nam Kinh.

L DUY K HAY (CHIU THNG, 8/1786-2/2/1789)

Thng 8 Bnh Ng [24/8-21/9/1786] [thiu]
Thng 7 nhun Bnh Ng, lch Thanh [thiu] [24/8-21/9/1786]
Nguyn Hu lp L T Khim (1765-1793, sau i thnh Duy K) ln ngi,
nin hiu l Chiu Thng (1786-1789). (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:63) Sinh
nm t Du (1765).Con trng ca thi t L Duy V, tc l chu ch tn ca L
Hin Tng (1740-1986). Thi t L Duy V v trc phm ti, b ph lm th
dn nn khng c truyn ngi. Thn mu ca L Chiu Thng khng r tnd
tng qua Nam Ninh khc lc van xin vua quan Thanh xut binh hung L,
Ngy 28/11/1782 lon kiu binh ti H Ni. Lnh Tam ph git cht anh em
Huy Qun cng Hong nh Bo; ph Trnh Cn, lp Trnh ng (Khi)
(28/11/1782-1786). Cn sau cht bnh. Thng 2/1783, qun Tam Ph p Thi
t L Duy Cn nhng chc cho Duy Khim, chu ni Hin Tng, con thi t
Duy V cht CMCB, XLVI:34-35; (H Ni: 1998), 2:767-68; Lch triu tp k,
II, 1975:25?-).
Ngy 10/8/1786 [17/7 Bnh Ng], L Hin Tng mt. Th 70 tui. (NTLCB,
I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:63) Nguyn Hu ng cho K ln ngi vo thng 8/1786
[thng 8 nm Bnh Ng, 24/8-21/9/1786]. [Phi xy ra trc ngy 30/8/1786 [7/8
Bnh Ng], khi Nguyn Nhc bt thn ra H Ni, ri na m 9/9/1786 [17/8
Bnh Ng] dn Nguyn Hu v Nam. (CMCB, XLVII : 27-29, (H Ni: 1998),
2:794 [792-95]. Thc Lc nh Nguyn ghi vo thng 6 Bnh Ng (26/6-
24/7/1786), trc ngy Hin Tng cht; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:62-3: C
l khng khng ng)
ngi 2 nm, sau cht khi ang sng lu vong ti Trung Hoa vo thng 10
nm Qu Su (1793), th 28 tui. Trong thi gian ngi, t nin hiu l Chiu
Thng (1786-1789).
 1. L Duy K mun i li t Ngh An. Nm 1787, sai L Duy Yu, Trn
Cng Xn v Ng Nho vo Ph Xun xin Hu tr li t trn. Nguyn Hu khng
ng . V ang mang qun nh Nguyn Nhc, bo mt, Nguyn Hu cho lnh
git s gi L ngoi bin, trn ng v. (NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 26ab (Si
Gn: 1970), tr 106-109)
2. L Duy K mun li dng Nguyn Hu Cng Chnh chng d ng h
Trnh. Quyt nh ny khin Nguyn Hu bt bnh; sau khi ha gii vi Nguyn
Nhc, sai V Vn Nhm (tc S) lm tit ch, cng Ng Vn S v Phan Vn Ln,
ra Bc dit Chnh. Khi qun Ty Sn tin v H Ni, Chnh s hi chy ln Kinh
Bc.L Duy K cng ri kinh , di tn ln Kinh Bc. Sau khi Chnh b V Vn
Nhm bt, phanh thy, Duy K lu lc khp ni. ng thi sai ngi cu vin nh
Thanh. (NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 26b-27b (Si Gn: 1970), tr 108-113; CMCB,
XLVII:22-23, (H Ni: 1998), II:827.
3. Ngy 29/10/1787, Tn S Ngh [Sun Shi-yi], Tng c Lng Qung, bo
co t tn [vua mi, L Duy K, 8/1786-2/2/1789] xin n mi v vua c nh mt
v cht.
4. Thng 1 Mu Thn [/1788] V Vn Nhm [S] c Sng Nhng Cng L
Duy Cn lm Gim Quc. Nhng Ng Vn S v Phan Vn Ln xm tu vi
Nguyn Hu l Nhm c lm phn. (NCBLT, XXX: Ngy Ty, 28ab (Si Gn:
1970), tr 114-117;
5. Thng 4 Mu Thn [/1788] Nguyn Hu ra H Ni ln th hai, git V Vn
Nhm [S], (CMCB, XLVII:28-29, (H Ni: 1998), II:833-834.
Thng 5 Mu Thn [/1788] Nguyn Hu mun lm vua, cc quan L khng
ng . t L Duy Cn lm Gim quc. Dng Ng Th Nhm, Phan Huy ch v
Bi Huy Bch ph t. Ng Vn S v Phan Vn Ln coi binh quyn. (NCBLT,
XXX: Ngy Ty, 28b-29b (Si Gn: 1970), tr 116-121; CMCB, XLVII:28-29, (H
Ni: 1998), II:835-836.
[Ng Th Nhm, Phan Huy ch, Nguyn Gia Phan b ng Trn Thng,
Nguyn Gia Ct nh roi trc vn miu, Nhm v nh th cht]; NCBLT, q.
27 (Hu: 1993), 2:463-67

6. Ngy 12/6/1788 [9/5 Mu Thn] Nguyn Huy Tc, L Qunh, Nguyn

Quc ng tng s 62 ngi chy ti bin gii, xin cu vin nh Thanh.(38)
38. ng Hoa Lc [Donghua records, Cn Long] [HL], 107:37b; Hoa
Bng.
[Chng hiu c ai t ho mnh ti gii xin c Trung Hoa gip v s
dy d con chu i i nh n ban cm, cho o, cung cp v kh trung
hiu vi Trung Hoa ti ngi Vit cui cng ?]

Thng 8/1788 [31/7-28/8/1788 Thanh], m Duy K qua Long Chu cu vin.

Ti liu Nguyn ghi nm 1787, Hong Tch Hiu, ngi Thng Lang (tnh
Cao Bng t i Minh Mng, 1820-1841) t chc c mt i qun 500 ngi,
n m v con L Duy K t Bc Ninh v Cao Bng, b qun Ty Sn truy st,
nn chy qua Long Chu, nc Thanh. Ko nhau n Nam Ninh, khc lc thm
thit trc Tn S Ngh [Sun Shi-yi], Tng c Lng Qung, v Tn Vnh Thanh
[Sun Yongqing], tun ph Qung Ty. (NNTC, q XXV: Cao Bng (1997), 4:427;
CMCB, XLVII:32-33, (H Ni: 1998), II:836-837..

7. Ti liu Thanh ghi Tri huyn [chu] Thi Bnh bo co hn 100 ngi chy
qua Long Chu t nn. Cn Long cho lnh Tn S Ngh v Tn Vnh Thanh ti
ngay Long Chu xem xt tnh hnh.
8. Ngy 7/8/1788 [8/7 Cn Long 33, Mu Thn Thanh, hoc 9/8/1788 [8/7
Mu Thn Vit], S Ngh dng biu, i khi ni: T tn cng thn h L ng l
c ln ngi, chng may nc b ph tan, m v v y n ku xin ca quan i,
tnh th tht ng thng. V ngh vua Cn Long cho qun hng L, mt
hn nm hai chim, va bo v nh L, va chim An Nam]. (NLTCB,
XXX:30A, (1970):122-23; CMCB, XLVII:31, (H Ni: 1998), II:835.

9. Cn Long ni vi i hc s Ha Khn [Ho Shen]: [30A] L Duy K t

An Nam, tuy cha c phong, nhng l ngi ng ln ngi, nay cn trong
nc lo vic phc hng. Ngi trong nc cn nh n triu c, th cng c l
xong c vic. Nguyn Hu mnh chim nc, php lut kh dung th. Trm
sai binh Qung Ty chun b sai phi. Nu [Hu] cn t cng, lp tc cho
i binh bn b hp nh, lm r rng vic trng pht ti hn. Trm cho lnh S
Ngh thot tin lm t hch a qua An Nam cho mi ngi u bit [An Nam L
Duy K tuy v th [30B] phong, nhin th ng k chi nhn, t thng ti quc
trung t hng phc. Quc nhn thng hoi i cu, dic hu kh liu chi l.
Nguyn Hu th cng ot quc, php s bt dung. D phi Qung Ty binh d b
iu khin. Nhc nhng tin xng quyt tc xut i binh t din hi tiu. Minh
chinh k ti. Tr trng d S Ngh tin hnh hch tng An Nam t hm tri chi.].
(39)
39. NCBLT, XXX:30b, (Si Gn: 1970), tr 124-25; CMCB, XLVII:33,
(H Ni: 1998), II:837

10. Sau , Tn S Ngh [Sun Shi-yi] li tu:

An Nam l t c ca Trung Quc. Sau khi khi phc h L, cho binh n
n th, nh th va bo tn c h L va chim c An Nam, i b u
thng [c li]. (40)
40. NCBLT, XXX:30B, (Si Gn: 1970), tr 124-25

Tun ph Tn Vnh Thanh dng s chng li, ni: Khng g bng c n binh
bt ng, ch cho hai h L v Nguyn nh nhau n suy kit, lc y tha dp m
ly [nc], cha mun g [tc chin thut ngi trn ni xem voi cp hay chn co
tranh n].
 11. Hong Lch chp thun ngh ca S Ngh. Trong ch th cho Ngh,
Hong Lch ni r mc tiu ca cuc hnh qun l gip L Duy K ti chim lnh
th mt nhng qun Thanh s khng tham d vo vic bnh nh. Ha Th
Hanh [Xu Shi-heng] c bit phi ti ch huy lc lng k m, vi cng v
y Qung Ty, nhng s khng trc tip tham chin. Phn S Ngh s li bin
gii iu ng:
Vin qun nn t t, khng nn hp tp. Hy nn a hch truyn thanh
th i trc, v cho cc quan nh L v nc c hp ngha binh tm t qun
nh L em ra ng u i ch vi [Nguyn Hu] th xem s th th no.
Nu lng ngi nc Nam cn nh nh L, c qun ta n, ai chng gip sc.
[Nguyn Hu?] tt phi tho lui.
Nu lng dn na theo L, na theo Nguyn, cho thy binh ti, nh
trc vo Thun Ha, Qung Nam, ri cho b binh tin ti. Hu s phi xin
hng. Ta s bo tn c hai. T Thun Ha-Qung Nam vo, cho Nguyn Hu.
Chu Hoan, chu i [Ngh An-Thanh Ha] tr ra bc, phong cho L t tn.
Nhn ng qun An Nam km ch h. Ch v sau c cch x tr khc.

III. o Qun Hng L ca Nh Thanh:

1. Ngy 15/11/1788 [20/10 Mu Thn Thanh], Tn S Ngh ra khi i Trn

Nam. Mang qun thuc bn tnh Hoa Nam, chia lm 2 cnh tin vo t Bc.
Cnh qun pha ng, chia lm ba [3] mi:
a. Mi ch lc do Tn S Ngh v Ha Th Hanh ch huy, ra ca Trn Nam
Quan, tin vo Lng Sn, xung Kinh Bc, ri Thng Long.
b. Mi th hai do Sm Nghi ng, tri chi ph in Chu, tin vo Cao Bng,
n Thi Nguyn.
c. Mi th ba, tin t Khm Chu vo Qung Ninh, Hi Dng.
Cnh qun Vn Nam pha Ty, di quyn c i Knh [Wu Dajing],
t Mng T tin vo Tuyn Quang, Vit Tr trn b sng Thao.
Trng Bu Lm ghi ngy 21/10/1788 [c l l ngy 21/10 Mu Thn Thanh,
tc 16/11/1788]Tn S Ngh mang qun thuc bn tnh Hoa Nam, chia lm hai [2]
cnh tin vo t Bc. Ra hch ai c th bt c Nhc v Hu gii np l c
cng u. Quan Ty Sn Lng Sn l Phan Khi c xin hng. Nguyn Vn
Nhim nng m ti trn chy. (41)
41. Dn i Thanh Lit triu Thc Lc, Cao Tng [TLTTL] (Tokyo:
1937-1938) [q 1315:7ab]; Intervention versus Tribute in Sino-Vietnam
Relations, 1788-1790; in.John King Fairbank, (ed) The Chinese World Order:
Traditional Chinese Foreign Relations (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ
Press, 1968), p 169n18 [165-179, 321-326]; ng Hoa Lc [Donghua records,
Cn Long] [HL], 108: 21b-22, 30, 31b; [D ngy 24/9/1788 v
18/10/1788 [Edict of 18/10/1788: S Ngh phi li bin gii, iu ng] ;
NCBLT, XXX:Ngy Ty, 35B, (Si Gn: 1970), tr 144-45.
 2. Ng Vn S sai Nguyn Nha mang ba o d ca Gim quc Sng Nhng
Cng L Duy Cn v i din dn chng n qun th, yu cu S Ngh bi binh,
nhng S Ngh khc i. (NCBLT, q. XXX, Ngy Ty, 31a, (Si Gn: 1970), tr
126-27; (Hu: 1993), II:516 [Hu];
Theo s quan Nguyn, 200,000 qun lnh bn tnh Qung ng, Qung
Ty, Vn Nam v Qu Chu, chia lm hai o tin qun. Hng Lng Sn,
Ngh ch huy. Hng Tuyn Quang do Tng binh Qu Chu. (NCBLT, q.
XXX: Ngy Ty, 30B, (Si Gn: 1970), tr 124-25).

3. Theo Trng Bu Lm ngy 21/10/1788 [?]Tn S Ngh cm u 10,000 k

binh Thanh ra khi Trn Nam Quan, c Ha Th Hanh, tng binh Qung Ty ph
t. 5,000 lnh Vn Nam di quyn i Knh [Wu Dajing], t Mng T v Khai
Ha hng v H Ni. (42)
42. Dn i Thanh Lch Triu Thc Lc (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 1315:7ab
[c l l ngy lch ta, 21/10 Mu Thn, tc 16/11/1788]. Trng Bu
Lm,1968:169,
TLTTL (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 108: 21b-22. Edict of 24/9/1788, Lm,
1968:169;
TLTTL (Tokyo: 1937-1938),, 108: 31b. Edict of 18/10/1788, Lm,
1968:169;

4. Theo s Nguyn, tng s qun Thanh khong 200,000 ngi. Hng Lng
Sn, hai tng ch huy 3,000 qun Ty Sn Lng Sn hoc u hng, hoc nhn
bng m tu thot v pha nam. S ca L Duy K l L Duy n v Trn Danh
n cng ti ly cho S Ngh v i Knh. (43)
43. CMCB, XLVII:33-35; (H Ni: 1998), II:838-39)]

a. Nhng chi tit v s qun Thanh xm lng (hay, chinh pht, theo quan im
nh Thanh) cng sai bit nhau kh ln: t vi vn ngi trong mt s t liu nh
Thanh (Ngy Nguyn), ti hn 20 vn trong s Nguyn, 280,000 (28 vn) trong
t liu cc gio s, v ln ti 29 vn theo mt t liu Ty Sn.
b. Ngi ta t hi nhng con s ny ly u ra?
(1). Chnh s nh Nguyn, tc Khm nh Vit S Thng Gim Cng
Mc v i Nam Thc Lc u khng ghi r s qun Thanh tin vo i Vit,
ch ni m m [theo Thanh s v i Thanh Thc Lc] rng Tn S Ngh iu
ng qun bn tnh Qung ng, Qung Ty, Vn Nam v Qu Chu; v,
qun Thanh b cht, b thng n qu na di tay gic [Ty Sn].
(CMCB, XLVII:41; (H Ni: 1998), II:847; NTLCB, q. 1, [Vit ng, (H
Ni, 1963) 2: 1778-1801, 1963:81])
(2). S quan Nguyn ph trch son b i Nam Lit Truyn ghi tng s
qun Thanh ln ti 20 vn [200,000]. [Ngh c phng chiu xut Lng
Qung Vn Qu lng l binh nh thp vn, phn vi lng o; (NCBLT, q.
XXX, Ngy Ty, 30B, (Si Gn: 1970), tr 124-25; (Hu: 1993), II, tr. 515
[Hu];
(3). Theo mt t liu Ng gia vn phi, Hn Cc Anh Hoagom gp bn
tho ca Ng Th Nhim [hay Nhm], vn thn ca Quang Trung ti min
Bc, sau ny tham d vo cng tc thit lp lin h ngoi giao vi nh
Thanhqun Thanh ln ti 290,000 [29 vn]. T chiu v vic phn phi t
binh Thanh, a ra chi tit Tn S Ngh vn ti ong u r, ngh mn thu
may, chng bit nhng iu s yu ca vic dng binhdn 29 vn qun
Thanh vo su chn nguy him, ng u vi ngi anh hng o vi Ty
Sn, da vo binh lc i nh thin h. (44)
44. Chiu pht phi hng binh ngi ni a [Thanh]; Hn Cc Anh
Hoa, Tuyn Tp th vn Ng Th Nhm, bn dch Mai Quc Lin et al, 2 tp
(H Ni: KHXH, 1978), 2:114 Hn [114-15], 116 Vit]. [Vin Tng c Tn
S Ngh cc ngi, ti ong u r, ngh mn thu may, khng bit nhng
iu ch yu trong vic dng binh, v c em 29 vn qun ra khi ca
quan . . . .] Tuy nhin cn thn trng khi s dng nhng truyn bn ch Hn.
C nhiu thng tin chc nh i i cm ng theo kiu c mt con ng
tng tng t Thim Ty xung Ph Nam, Lm p ri Vit Thng nm
1110 Trc Ty Lch [TTL]; hay, mt con sng tng tng t Trng Giang
[Dng T] ti Nht Nam, pha nam im mt tri ln v mc, ni s gi
Da Qin [i Tn, tc Roma] ti dng cng vt nm 166, v.. v..

Ai c th hoi nghi con s 29 vn hay 20 vn v s quan Vit hay

phng i s thc. [Ging nh s phi c M b CSVN bn h (xem Phng Th
Ti, 2001) hay 600,000 qun Trung Cng trn vo Bc Vit trong Bi hc
30 ngy (17/2-19/3/1979)! (ch c 320,000, theo mt t liu Trung Cng]
C th s quan Nguyn da theo ti liu tuyn truyn ca c nh Ty
Sn ln nh Thanh. Ty Sn c th nng s qun Thanh ln 29 vn t
qung co chin thng v i ca mnh. Nh Thanh tuyn truyn rng mang
20 hay 50 vn qun xm phm i Vit kinh ng nhn tm, hu thanh
oai. Theo Hong L Nht Thng Ch, trong t hch ca Tn S Ngh pht ra
trc khi xm phm i Vit, qun Thanh ru rao c ti 50 vn [500,000].
(II, tr. 153) Con s ny kh tin, v nh Thanh ch trng thanh vin [nh
ting gip] vua L hn thc s giao chin vi Ty Snd pha sau ch
trng thanh vin y l m mu chia nc ta lm hai vng quc nh, mt
giao cho h L, mt cho anh em Ty Sn, ri n tr qun ch him yu hu
thc s chim ng i Vit. (HLNTC, II, tr. 147 ; NCBLT, XXX:35B ;
NCBLT, q. XXX, Ngy Ty, 35B, (Si Gn: 1970),

(4). Theo ti liu truyn gio Php, tng s qun Thanh c lng
280,000. Mt na ng quanh H Ni. Mt na bn kia sng. Cc lng mc
nh trng n mng.
Mt quan st vin ng thi l gio s La Mothe ghi nhn:
 Ngy 17 [thng 1/1789 [tc 22/12 Mu Thn Vit, 24/12 Mu Thn
Thanh], mt phn qun i Trung Hoa vo th cng vi Vua Chiu
Thng.... (ng Phng Nghi, Mt vi s liu v Bc Bnh Vng Nguyn
Hu, tr. 198)
Con s 280,000 qun Thanh, do ngun tin tnh bo i chng ca La
Mothe, vt trn c lng ca s quan Nguyn. Chc chn khng chnh xc
v c La Mothe ln hu th chng c cch no kim chng. Nhng bo co ca
La Mothe hay Gim mc Jean la Bartette i T, Qung Tr, khi v ti Paris,
Macao hay Pondichry hn c phn ng gp vo quyt nh khng tn trng
ha c 1787 gia Php v i din Nguyn nh l Pigneau de Bhaine.
(44bis)
44bis. lHin tng bestiary khng phi l cquyn ca cc tc gi Hn
thng c hay trung c. Nhng hi k v H Ch Minhtc Linov Nguyn
Sinh Cn,1892-1969hay chin cng ca V Gip (1911-2013) l hai th d
tiu biu].

(5). Ngy Nguyn (Wei Yuan, 1794-1854), mt tc gi Thanh, ghi l

ring cnh qun Tn S Ngh t Lng Sn ko xung H Ni c 10,000 ngi,
dng 2,000 li Lng Sn, ly 8,000 lm tin phong ko thng xung H Ni.
c Vn Nam i Knh [Wu Dajing] em 8,000 [5,000] qun theo
ng qua ca M Bch, vt sng Chc, vo ci Giao Ch (Tuyn Quang),
theo ng c [nm 1406] ca Mc Thnh nh Minh. Ngoi ra, cn hai cnh
qun Lng Qung khc, v mt o thy binh t Qung ng p thuyn
vo t Hi ng [Qung Yn]. Tng c Vn Qu l Ph Cng xin i,
nhng vua Thanh ch cho coi vic vn ti qun lng trong ni a trnh
cnh tranh chp tng lnh vi Tn S Ngh.
Ngoi ra, cn hn 2,000 lnh Nng ca thi th Sm Nghi ng [t chi
ph in Chu, tin vo Cao Bng, ri Thi Nguyn], v hn 10,000 qun
lnh nh L. Nhng Ting rng i binh c vi chc vn. (Ngy Nguyn
(Wei Yuan, 1794-1854), Cn Long Chinh v An Nam k; trong Sheng
Wuji [Thnh V K] (1842), pp 187-88; Trng Bu Lm, 1968, n18; Hn,
Ton Th, II:1341-342)

(6). Nm 1960, mt tc gi i Loan, ghi S Ngh ch a 6,000 k m vo

H Ni.
Con s ny qu thp, do mt dng no .
Trong cuc phn cng Tt K Du (1789), qun Ty Sn ph tan qun
Thanh H Hi, Ngc Hi v ng a. Ha Th Hanh [Xu Shi-heng], Tng
binh Trng S Long v Thng Duy Thng cht; Thi th in Chu Sm
Nghi ng treo c t t. Tn S Ngh phi tt t chy v hng Bc.
Ch ring Thng Long qun Thanh cht hn 7,000 ti trn. Cu ni
bc ngang sng Hng [do qun s L Duy K xy dng] b sp, khin khong
 3,000 ngi cht ui, nc sng b nghn. (q. XXX [Ngy Ty], tr. 34B)
Cc chi tit trn cng thy trong L triu d s, hay Hong L Nht Thng Ch.
Cch no i na, vng lnh Hong Lch iu ng qun bn tnh Hoa
Nam xm phm i Vit, Tn S Ngh khng th ch mang theo 6,000 k
m, tc tinh binh ca nh Thanh, nh c ngi hoang tng. Ch cn cht
kin thc qun s s ng cng hiu rng khi xm phm mt nc lng ging,
phi c lc lng kh d bo m s chin thng hoc rt lui an ton. V th
ch dng 8,000 (hay 6,000 k binh, 600 k binh, nu mun) cn mang
theo s bin binh hoc chnh qui gp 5, hoc gp 10, gp 20 ln con s k trn
hu trn gi cc v tr chim ng c.
[K hoch nh cp Vit Nam c ch thn Hong Lch duyt xt
v ph chun, nn t vic tip vn qun lng ti iu ng lc lng, v
ngay c tuyn truyn u c hoch nh k cng. Cnh qun ch lc ca
Tn S Ngh v Ha Th Hanh c bo v kh k: Qun Vn Nam t Tuyn
Quang xung ti Vit Tr. Sm Nghi ng v o qun Nng Qung Ty ti
Thi Nguyn. Thy qun t Khm chu ko vo Qung Yn, Hi Dng]
l cha k chi tit Tn S Ngh mang theo c i pho, mt loi v kh
tng i mi m vi chin trng chu. Hay m mu kinh doanh cuc
chinh thovi chin ph s khi ln ti na triu [500,000] nn bc;
(TLTTL, Tokyo (1937-1938), 1316:6ab) l cha k nhng li tc khc
do giai cp thng lu dng hin. Chin tranh c th khin nh nc kit qu,
nhng vi nhng con bun chin tranh l ngun thu nhp v cng tn..
Nh th, tng s qun Thanh c l u trong khong 20,000 ti 50,000
ngi, hoc nhiu hn. S quan Nguyn c th da theo t liu d s nh
L hay truyn khu s, v sa li i cht. [Ring hc gi Trn Trng Kim ch
lp li con s 200,000 (20 vn) ca s quan Nguyn mt cch my mc, khin
d gy ng nhn rng 200,000 qun Thanh ch ng kinh Thng Long v
vng ph cn].
Nhng khim khuyt nu trn v nh Ty Sn, cc vua Nguyn chu trch
nhim khng nh. Ch v lng hn thni theo vua Gia Long, chn i bo
th mi l i nghah hy dit hu ht di tch ca nh Ty Sn, khin
nhng chin cng nh i ph qun Xim (1785) v qun Thanh (1789) b
mai mt. Ngay n T c, ngi t ho l s gia chn chnh theo khun kh
Khng gio, cng khng cho cc s quan nghin cu r rng hn v nh Ty
Sn. Tht ng tic!
Nhng cc vua nh Nguyn khng phi l nhng ngi u tin hoc cui
cng c hnh ng m th gii ln n l cultural barbarism [s mi r vn
ha].
Trc, L Duy K sai bn Trn Danh n v L Duy n mang th sang Nam
Kinh xin cu vin nh Thanh, nhng khng thnh cng. Sau Hong Thi Hu chy
ln Cao Bng, sai c ng Nguyn Huy T em th sang Long Bng [Long Chu
v Bng Tng] xin cu vin. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:81 [khng ghi
ngy])
 Tng c Lng Qung Tn S Ngh ng , xin Qian Long ph chun. Qian
Long giao cho Tn S Ngh em qun Lng Qung, Vn Nam v Qu Chu 4 o
ko sang. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:81 [khng ghi ngy]) [Xem 15/1/1788]

5. Di theo trc tin qun, S Ngh khng gp sc chng c ng k no. Ngy

10/12/1788 [15/11 Mu Thn Thanh], tin qun Thanh ti sng Th Cu. L Duy
K t chc tip n linh nh. Khong 10,000 qun L c giao nhim v bc
cu phao ti on c cn ct bi cho qun Thanh lu thng. m 11-12/12/1788
[16-17/11 Mu Thn Thanh], Phan Vn Ln mang qun vt sng Nguyt c
(C L) tn cng qun Thanh. Thua to. 423 t binh b tn st. Dc ng tin qun
v H Ni, 115 ngi khc b git. (Trn Nguyn Nhip [L Hon], Qun Doanh
K Lc; bn dch Nguyn Duy Chnh; Hp Lu, [khng ng tin]) (CMCB,
XLVII:34; (H Ni: 1998), II:839; NCBLT, XXX:31B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 128-
29)

Ln ch thot c v H Ni vi mt s t thuc h. Ngay trong m, Ng

Vn S quyt nh cng Gim quc Cn di tn vo Thanh Ha, lp tuyn phng
th o Ba Di, v phi c Nguyn hay inh Vn Tuyt vo Ph Xun xin
lnh. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:81 [khng ghi ngy]; NCBLT,
XXX:31A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 126-27)
TLTTL (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 108: 21b-22. Edict of 24/9/1788, Lm,
1968:169;
TLTTL (Tokyo: 1937-1938),, 108: 31b. Edict of 18/10/1788, Lm,
1968:169;

6. Ngy 15/12/1788 [20/11 Mu Thn Thanh], Tn S Ngh v L Duy K

vo ti H Ni. Qun Thanh mt na ng quanh H Ni; mt na bn kia sng.
Cc lng mc nh trng n mng. Tri qun ng n di xung pha nam (ng
a), Ngc Hi, H Hi, Gin Khu (Ninh Bnh), Sn Ty, v pha ng (Hi
Dng).
NCBLT, XXX:31A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 126-27; NTLCB, I, 2:81
[khng ghi ngy])

7. Hm sau, ngy 16/12/1788 [21/11 Mu Thn Thanh], Tn S Ngh nim

yt sc phong L Duy K lm An Nam Quc Vng.. Trong chiu ca Cn Long
c on: vi vic m b ci lm 11 o, khng v ta mun chim t ai; sut t
150 nm tr li y, lc no cng gi chc phn, lm l tu cng, th sao khng
ngh ti t tng ca t qun c?
CMCB, XLVII:35-36; (H Ni: 1998), II:840-841; TLTTL (Tokyo:
1937-1938), 1315:27-28; Lm, 1968:169 [Chiu phong chc cho L Duy K].
Nh thnh tch ny, Hong Lch phong S Ngh tc cng [duke], trong khi
Ha Th Hanh tc t [viscount]; dn Thanh S Kho, Table 1, 3:2201;
 Trng Bu Lm v Hoa Bng ghi ngy 22/11 Mu Thn Thanh [19/12/1788]
theo ng Hoa Thc Lc (q 109, t 38b-39a; TLTTL, 1315:27-28)

8. S ngh c phong tc cng. Ha Th Hanh tc t [viscount], v cho ti

thi im ny, chin dch hng L c v thnh cng tt p. (CSK [Thanh s
kho], Bng 1, 3:2201; Lm, 1968, p 69,n20). Cn Long cng ra chiu cp pht
cho S Ngh s chin ph s khi ln ti 500,000 lng bc, v S Ngh cng Ha
Khn c ton quyn chi dng.
Phn L Duy K mc sc n n, bo on sau hai nm lu lc t tay quyn
thn ny ti s qun khc. M bng n b c thai vi quan tng Ty Sn. Cht
chn ba ch vua. (NCBLT, XXX:32A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 129-30) Hong thi
hu cng t Nam Ninh v th . Thy hnh ng ca Duy K, phi than ln:
Thi dit vong n ni ri. (CMCB, XLVII:35-39; (H Ni: 1998), II:840-45)

9. L Duy K cng i ln yu cu S Ngh sm nam tin, gii quyt cho xong

bn Ngy Ty. Nhng S Ngh chng c g vi v. Hn na, Vin C Mt v
chnh Hong Lch bt u cm thy thin mnh nh L ht. i th nh L
khng ch c Nguyn Hu, m cn h Nguyn phng nam, ng minh ca
Xim La Hc, v c s tr gip ca Ty Di. Ngy 9/8/1788, Nguyn Chng
ti chim c Phin Trn (Gia nh thnh).

IV. Ty Sn: Ni Da Xo Tht :

1. Sau phn t th k khi nghip, dng h Ty Sn cng bt u c rn nt.

Chin dch hung L, dit Trnh nm 1786 khin anh em Ty Sn bt u bt ha,
a n vic ni da xo tht.
Vic ny xy ra vo cui nm 1786, sau khi Nguyn Nhc xng , phong
t cho hai em, trc khi Nguyn Chng t Xim v nc ln th hai [thng 7
inh Mi]. (NCBLT, q. XXX, t 13B-14A; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801,
1963:63-5)
Nguyn c chnh l Nguyn Nhc ngy thm c ch, dm dt, hung bo, git
Nguyn Thung, thng dm v Nguyn Hu, i chia chin li phm ly ca h
Trnh ngoi Bc, t chi khng cho Nguyn Hu t Qung Nam. Trc khi xut
qun, Nguyn Hu xung hch, ch trch Nguyn Nhc khng bng loi heo, ch,
v.. v...
[Nhc k c ch, nht t dm bo, st Nguyn Thung, hu dm Hu
th. . . . Bc xm chi dch, Trnh ph ha bo nht qui vu Hu, Nhc sch chi
bt d. Hu dc tnh Qung Nam chi a, Nhc dic bt d, toi thnh cu
khch. Hu ni truyn hch s Nhc chi c, ch d si lang cu tr mc chi.
Hch vn hu vit: Ti mc i thi qun, kh nht triu khinh sut? Gin
bt thnh tc dch v, thc quan vn th an nguy. (NCBLT, q. XXX; 13B-
14A, (1970), [tr. 56-9])]
 Nguyn Hu ch thn mang qun nh Qui Nhn. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-
1801, 1963:63) Anh em Ty Sn giao chin t khong thng 8 nm Bnh Ng VN
[24/8-21/9/1786] hoc thng thng 7 nhun Thanhngay sau khi Nguyn Nhc v
Nguyn Hu t Bc tr v. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:63, 65)
Cc nh truyn gio ghi vo u nm inh Mi (khong ngy 21/2/1787).
(Th ngy 6/6/1787, Doussain gi Le Blandin; BEFEO, 1912, tr. 19; Hong Xun
Hn, Ton Th, II:1297).
Theo cc gio s, Nguyn Hu mang theo 60,000 qun, trai trng t 15 ti 60
tui vo nh Bnh nh. (Th ngy 6/6/1787, Doussain gi Le Blandin; BEFEO,
1912, tr. 19; Th ngy 3/5/1787, Longer gi Boiret; RI, XIV, 1910, tr. 46; Th
ngy 21/5/1787, GM Jean de Labartette gi Letondal; A. Launay, III:129; T Ch
i Trng, Lch s ni chin Vit Nam, 1771-1802 (Los Angeles: An Tim,
1991), tr. 148.
Gim Mc Jacques Benjamin Longer (1752-1831), Qung Tr, s thnh
Gim mc Ty ng Ngoi, cho rng qun Nguyn Hu ln ti 100,000 ngi.
(Th ngy 3/5/1787, Longer gi Boiret; RI, XIV, 1910, tr. 46; Th ngy
21/5/1787, GM Jean Labartette (1722-1823), Ph t ca Pigneau de Bhaine, gi
Letondal; A. Launay, III:129; TCT 148)
Nh th dng lm tri lnh; chung cha dng c sng, c ni.
Qun Nguyn Hu vy thnh, bn i bc vo thnh Hong (Qui Nhn).
Giao tranh nhiu ln, qun Nguyn Hu thit hi nng. Phi ly lnh xung ti 15
tui. Nguyn Nhc gi ng Vn Chu [tc Trn] mang binh ra cu; nhng Trn
b thua Ph Yn, v hng Nguyn Hu. (NCBLT, q. XXX, t 14-B, (1970),
60-1)
Thng 4 inh Mi [17/5-15/6/1787] [15/5[?]-14/6/1787], Nguyn Nhc phi
ln thnh ku gi, trch em sao n ni da, xo tht, Nguyn Hu mi chu ging
ha. [Nhc ni thnh thng h Hu ng chi vit: B qua ch nhc, tm h
nhn?]
Ri, hai ngi t c ha c phn chia vng lnh th kim sot: Nguyn
Hu t o Thng Hoa, in Bn ra Bc, Nguyn Nhc t Qung Nam vo n
Bnh Thun. Ly Bn Vn lm ranh gii. Nguyn Nhc xng , phong vng cho
hai em. Nguyn L l ng nh Vng. Nguyn Hu l Bc Bnh Vng.
Nguyn Hu cai qun t ph Thng, ph in ra Ph Xun. (NCBLT, q. XXX;
14B (1970), tr 60-1; NTLCB; 2: 1778-1801, 1963:63)
Mt trong nhng hu qu tai hi nht l binh lc mt thi v ch ca Ty Sn
b chua ba. Bi th, ng nh Vng Nguyn L b chin thuyn ca cc o L
dng ca Nguyn Chng bi d dng Gia nh thnh trong non mt nm.
Nguyn L phi chy v Qui Nhn, t lu sau cht. Nguyn Nhc th an phn th
thng, ch mun, ni theo Bc Bnh Vng Nguyn Hu, lm vua mt ph Qui
Nhn. Ring Nguyn Hu, nh thin ti iu binh khin tng, mun m rng
nh hng, nhng b tri buc vo nhng vn nn chnh tr v x hi trin min
ca ht nhn vng quc v dn tc Vit ti chu th sng Hng, M v C
nhng gi cua quyn lc lm chm nhng chic cng s qun. Bi th, mi ln
Nguyn Hu mun thnh thang o gm cu an, li xy ra nhng bin c vt
ngoi mc d tng. No l s on xin hon li ph Ngh An ca L Duy K,
n m mu phn lon ca Nguyn Hu Chnh, Nguyn Vn Du, .V Vn Nhm
(hay S), cng hng trm cu thn tham vng ca vua L hay cha Trnhv thi
quen chy sang Nam Kinh, Qung ng, hay Bc Kinh tha kin, bin bch, cu
xin thin binh, thin tng gip i li thin mnh nh Trn Thim Bnh (nm
1406), Bi B K, Trnh Vn Liu (nm 1537), Trnh Vin (nm 1538), (Minh s,
q 321; VSK, BKTT, VIII:50a-51a, Lu (2009), 2:265-266; BKTB, XVI:1b-2a,
Long & Lu (2009), 3:147; CMCB, XXVII:27 (H Ni: 1998), II:
Mt trong nhng hu qu trc tip ca cuc ni da, xo tht gia an hem Ty
Sn l Nguyn Chng nhn c hi bng vng ny trn v nc ngy 13/8/1787..
Mang theo gia quyn, ti Hn Tre tm tr. Sau di sang o C Ct. C trm hi
tc H H Vn, thuc Bch Lin Gio, nhng t xng Thin a Hi, xin theo.
(NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:65)
Phong L Vn Qun lm Khm sai Bnh Ty c, chng tin qun dinh
qun cng, qun lnh chin s dinh Trn Bin. T qun ph tng Phm Vn S
lm Khm sai cai c. (NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:76-8);
Cai i Nguyn Vn Thnh lm Khm sai tng nhung, cai c hiu y tin chi
dinh Trung qun. Khi Gia Long t Xim v Thnh mi ra phc v. Sau chy
theo Chng qua Xim ln th hai. (NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:78)
Nguyn L phi rt v t th Si Gn, ri b chy v Qui Nhn. Phm Vn
Sm [Tham] rt v gi Ba Thc. (NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:75-80)
Trong khi , vic cu vin i Ty cng c tin trin. Sau hai nm b cm
chn Pondichry, thng 7/1786, Pierre J G Pigneau c v Php. Do nh
hng ca Hi truyn gio, ngy 5/5/1787, Louis XVI tip kin Pigneau v Hong
t Cnh ti Versailles.
Ngy 21/11/1787, Ngoi trng Armand-Marc de Montmorin-St-Hrem
(14/2/1787 ti 11/7/1789) v Pigneau k Hip c Lin Minh phng th v tn
cng, gm 10 iu: Vua Ph Lng Sa [France] rt sng o Ki-t ha cung
cp cho Nguyn nh, vua ng Trong [Cochin-Chine] mt nc, bn [4]
chin hm, 1200 lnh, 200 pho th, 250 lnh da en [iu 2], Nguyn nh ct cho
Vua rt sng o Ki-t bn o Touron [iu 3], o Cn Ln [Pulau Condore],
[iu 5],tt c nhng ca bin Vua rt sng o Ki-t mun, [iu 6], thn dn
Vua rt sng o Ki-t c t do di chuyn, [iu 7], hai bn c mt nm ph
chun [iu 10].
Ph c s 1 ghi r bn [4] tu hng trung [frgates], hai [2] tu vn ti; mi
[10] i bc 1-4 livres, hai [2] khu i bc 8 livres, bn [4] khu obus [ci],
qun nhu n dc cn thit, mt lu vi, 1000 sng thay th, lng n cho
2000 ngi trong vng mt nm. Ph c s 2 ghi Nguyn nh phi bi hon s
chin ph s khi.
Ngy 28/11/1787, k thm Ph khon ring [th 11], vua rt sng o Ki-t
c ton quyn trn nhng vng t ct nhng, v ha khng cha chp phn t
ti phm ca h Nguyn [ging nh quyn ti phn ca Bri-tn sau ny]
 Ngy 5/10/1789, Conway ri Pondichry. i t de Fresne thay. Trong
h s Conway c 12 th, 3 billets ca Pigneau. (Gaudart, Les archives de
Pondichry et les entreprises de la Compagnie Francaise des Indes en
Indochine, au XVIII sicle; BAVH, XXV, no. 4 (10-12/1937), pp. 353-380).
Thng 10/1789, Hi ng C Vn (Conseil d'Etat) Php bc b vic ym
tr Nguyn Vng. K hoch ny do David Charpentier de Cossigny trnh.
Ngy 31/1/1790, t Si Gn, Nguyn nh vit th gi vua Ph Lng Sa,
hy b Hip c 1887, v trch c Thomas de Conway. [Thut ng Php ch
c T c dng t nm 1882] Bn dch ca Pigneau; Service historique de
la Marine [SHM], (Vincennes), GG2-44, carton 3, d.1. 48 ; v Archives du
Ministre des Affaires Etrangres [AMAE] (Paris), Mmoires et Documents,
Asie, vol 64, t 21. V Ho c 1787, xem CAOM (Aix), GGI [Amiraux],
11704.
Nm 1857, Gim mc de Biblios (Pellerin) tin rng hip c 1787 qui
nh cho nc Php c thc, v truyn thng vnh vin vi dn chng
v khi ng Montigny ti ni ngi ta ni rng ng ta n i thc hin
quyn trn cng nh i mn n 270,000 ng m chnh ph Php cho
Nguyn nh vay [la tradition en est perptue parmi le peuple et qu'au
moment de l'arrivs de Mgr de Montigny on disait qu'il venait reclamer ces
droits et demander le remboursement des 270,000 piastres prtes par la
France Nguyen Anh].
Jaurs c mt s ti liu vn kh ca B Hi qun chng minh nhng
hot ng hng say v hu hiu ca nc Php, k c l th ca de Cotigny
gi vua Vit khuyn ng ny ch nn nhn s tr gip ca Php, v t chi
ngh vin tr ca Portugal o Goa.
Linh mc Chamaison cho rng s tin cho mn, chin hm v cc s
quan Php gip gii vy cho Nguyn nh Si Gn, tt c nhng vic lm
ca Gim mc d'Adran bao hm s thi hnh hip c ca nc Php.
Nm 1827, Tng trn L Vn Duyt cn nhn chuyn v Hu hng chc
bn sao th t ca Chiu Nam Cc Nguyn Chng gi cc gio s trong thi
gian hon nnxin tip t lng thc, k l v cc trn nh quan trng trong
hai nm 1787-1788, hay d hi du tch Hong t Cnh cng Pigneauto
nn nhng tin n v vic T qun Duyt chng i vic lp Minh Mng
(1820-1841), t nhiu gy nn nhng bn n bi thm ging xung gia nh h
L, k c vic x t Ph m L Vn Yn, v.. v... con nui L Vn Duyt.
Hay, vic i tn Nguyn Hu Khi thnh L Vn Khi, trng tr mt
cu cng thn ui to kh vy.
16/7/1820: L Vn Duyt ti Si Gn, lnh n Tng trn ln th hai;
CBMM, CB 147, 7/6 MM I [16/7/1820], t 188, tp II. Mc Lc Chu Bn
triu Nguyn, Minh Mnh I [1820]-MM V [1824] (H Ni: 2003), tr. 135;
TTLTQG I (H Ni)]. Tu ngy 20/7 MMI [1820], Duyt Qun Cng, chng
T Qun Bnh Ty tng qun, kim gim Thn Sch Qun, v/v ti Gia
nh, chu ph: Khanh i ng c bnh an, rt hay; tp I:56]; Mc Lc
 Chu Bn triu Nguyn, tp II, Minh Mnh I [1820]-MM V [1824] (Hu:
1962), tr. 12. [bn dch Anh ng: Vice-roi of Gia Dinh]
Cn nhn mnh l s ng gp ca Pigneau cho chin thng ca Gia Long
ch rt gii hn.
Xem thm Cao Xun Dc, Quc triu chnh bin tot yu (Si Gn: S
a, 1971), tr.12-13; Annales annamites [S K i Nam Vit] (Si-gn:
Nhm Nghin Cu S a, 1974); H. Cosserat, Notes biographiques sur les
francais au service de Gia Long; Bulletin des Amis de Vieux Hu [BAVH],
IV, no. 3 (7-9/1917), tr.165-206; Lonard Cadire, Les Francais aux service
de Gia Long: XI. Nguyen Anh et La Mission, Documents indits; Ibid.
[Bulletin des Amis de Vieux Hue [BAVH],] XIII, no. 1 (1-3/1926), tr.1-49.
Cosserat s dng ti liu vn kh Hi truyn gio, v Cadire so snh ti liu
truyn gio vi t liu Vit Nam.

Ngy 7/9/1788, Nguyn Chng chim li thnh Gia nh. Nh lc lng hi

thuyn v kh gii mua ca Bri-tn, Portugal [B o Nha], v ri nhm lnh nh
thu Php vi ba chc ngi do Pigneau mang ti t nm 1789, qun Nguyn bt
u ln mnh dn.
18/5/1788-6/1789: Pigneau Pondichry. [15/6/1789: V Gia nh].
27/9/1788 [28/8 Mu Thn]: Th Nguyn Chng gi Jacques Liot. Bo
tin: Ngy 28/7/1788 nh chim Ba Ging, Si Gn, Bn Ngh, ng Nai, B
Ra. ang tuyn m hi qun. Yu cu thng bo nu tu i Ty ti,
dn xp a ti Vng Tu bao vy v nh ph qun ch. [L. Cadire,
Nguyn nh et la Mission;" BAVH, XXVI, 1, 1926:46-47] Th ny c
chp li ngy 19/6/1827 (25/5 MM VIII).
* An Giang: V Tnh mang qun theo ph Chng. Tnh ngi Bnh
Dng, thuc Phin Trn. T hp c khong 10,000 qun G Cng
[Khng tc nguyn, Tn Ha, Kin Ha] nh Ty Sn.
Chng mng lm, em g con gi th hai ca Hiu t l Ngc Du cho
Tnh. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:72)
Phong Tnh lm Tin phong dinh, Khm sai Tng nhung Chng C.
Cn phong chc Cai c cho cc thuc h nh V Vn Lng, Nguyn Vn
Hiu, Mc Vn T. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:73)
* Vnh Long: Nguyn Huy v L Vn Duyt ly c n Trn nh.
(NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:73)

24/3/1822: Calcutta: Phi on John Crawfurd (1783-1868) dng tu John

Adams qua Xim v Vit Nam.
John Crawfurd, Jounal of An Embassy from the Governor General of India to
the Courts of Siam and Cochinchina (London: 1830) [Ph bn c s on Burma
do Gibson cm u]; George Finlayson, Mission to Siam and Hue, the Capital of
Cochinchina, in the Years 1821-1822 (London: 1826).
T v Ph Quc
28/8/1822: Crawfurd [C-la-khoa-thc] c L Vn Duyt tip kin. [Xem
13/9/1822] 5/9/1822 [20/7 Nhm Ng]: L Vn Duyt bo co v tu Hng Mao
gh ca Cn Gi. (CBMM, CMMM, CB 1:211-212; MLCBMM, II, 1962:48)
13/9/1822: Tu John Adams h neo Nng.
20/9/1822 [6/8 Nhm Ng]: Tnh thn Qung Nam bo co cung cp thc
phm cho tu Hng Mao. Vua cho lnh quan kinh ra thm st. (CBMM, CMMM,
CB 1:214-215; MLCBMM, II, 1962:49)
25/9/1822: Crawfurd ti "Hui" bng ng b. 29/9/1822: Crawfurd [C-la-khoa-
thc] c mt thng th tip.
C mt Chaigneau v Vannier. Minh Mng t chi tip kin v khng c th
ca Quc vng Bri-tn.
Tng c Manh-nha-h [Calcutta] (tn dt) nc Anh ct li l H S nh
[Hastings] sai C-la-khoa-thc mang th n dng phng vt (500 khu sng
tay, mt i n pha-l ln). Thuyn n Nng. nh thn Qung Nam
dch th dng ln. Trong th ch xin thng thng, khng dm xin lp ph
. Sai a n kinh. C-la-khoa-thc thnh khn xin yt kin.
Vua ni: Hn l ngi cu Tng c phi i, khng phi do mnh ca quc
vng. Khng cho. Nhng phm vt dng hin cng khng nhn. Sai
Thng bc th cho bit iu l bun bn kinh , Qung Nam v Gia nh.
Khng thun thng thng min Bc. Cm xut cng vng bc, ng tin,
thc go, mui, k nam, trm hng, hay nam n. Thu hng ha bnh thng,
5%. Thu g lim lm ct bum, bnh li, lt thuyn, 10%. (NTLCB, II, 6:
1822-1823:85-86; BAVH, X, no. 1, 1923:89) [Xem 17/10/1822]
19/11/1823: Gia nh: L Vn Duyt ln ng v Hu.
Tin h, hu ng. (Bo co ca George Gibson, ngi cm u S on Min
in [Ava]; trong ph bn ca Crawfurd, Journal of An Embassy; Cadire,
La Mission; BAVH , XIII, no. 1 (Jan-Mars 1926), tr. 9n13.
Chuyn i ny ca Duyt lin h n v n M ng thng gian vi Tng
Th Quyn. Duyt trn nc Tng Th Quyn n cht. (NTLCB, II, 7: 1824-
1825, 1964:104; NCBLT, I, q. 20 (truyn Anh Du Hong thi t) & 23
(truyn L Vn Duyt), [1993] 2:52, 396) [Xem Thng 12 Gip Thn (1825)]
2-31/12/1823 [Thng Mt Qu Mi]: L Vn Duyt v ti kinh.
Trnh vic s on Min in ti Gia nh. Trc y, L Vn Duyt sai
Nguyn Vn i thuyn bun ra nc ngoi mua binh dng; thuyn m,
b dt vo tnh o Quai ca Min in. Gii v thnh An Hoa [Ava]. B nghi
lm gin ip cho Xim, tra hi k cng. Bit l ngi Vit, hu i a v.
Li sai s thn mang l vt ti Gia nh. Duyt cho dch th ra, trong ni
trc y hai ln gi s, nhng khng n ni c; nay nghe tin c vua
mi, xin thng hiu v yu cu tuyt giao vi Xim.
[S on Min in do George Gibson cm u. Ri Ava ngy 21/7/1822. B
tu Xim nh m, ngy 8/6/1823 mi ti Gia nh].
nh thn tho lun. Ngi mun khc t, v nu thng hiu vi Min in,
Xim s mch lng. Phe ngh c nhn, v c t chi, Xim cng chng bit n.
 Minh Mng ni, Xim cho qun gip Gia Long mt ln, nhng tht bi. T
v sau s oai gic, khng dm h rng ni n chuyn xut binh na. Tuy
nhin vua mun gi tnh lng ging tt vi Xim. Cho tu a s Min in
v nc. (NTLCB, II, 6: 1822-1823, 1963:237-38)
Theo ti liu Php, ngy 28/2/1824, Pierre Mdard Diard, mt nh sinh vt
hc Php, thp tng phi on Min in tr li Si Gn. c ban 116 quan
+ 141 bao go. (J.H. Peysonnaux, Vie, voyage et travaux de Pierre Mdard
Diard; BAVH, XXII, no.1 (1-3/1935), tr. 52-5 [1-120])
27/6-25/7/1824 [Thng 6 Gip Thn]: - Cho L Vn Duyt v li Gia nh thnh.
(NTLCB, II, 7: 1824-1825, 1964:63)

Ngy 15/9/1788, Tng De Conway Pondichry phi Victor Olivier de

Puymanel cng linh mc Paul [Bo Lc] H Vn Ngh mang tu Dryade thm
thnh min Nam. Olivier de Puymanel cng Paul Ngh mang theo 1000 khu sng
cung cp cho qun Nguyn. Mc d Olivier [ Li Vi] mi 20 tui, c [Pigneau]
phong lm i t Tham mu trng Lc qun. Chng th cho "quc tnh" l
Nguyn Vn Tn. Olivier cn c ghi cng xy cc thnh Gia nh theo kiu
Vauban, v cc thnh Din Khnh, Chu c, H Tin, Bin Ha, B Ra, v.. v...
Ngy 24[8?]/7/1789, Pigneau v Hong t Cnh v ti ca Lp, Gia nh.
Vng mng lm. Sai Tn Tht Hi mang thuyn ra ca Cn Gi n v. Phong
Pigneau lm t Mnh iu Ch Tn Thy B Vin Binh, Gim mc thng s.
(NCBLT, q.28, (1993) 2:476) (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:98; BAVH, 16;
Kim, tr. 152). (NTLCB, [nho] I, q. 4, tr. 14-5; [viet] I, 2:98; NCBLT, q.28,
(1993) II:476; Th ngy 17/8/1789, Pigneau (Sign) gi [Claude Francois]
Ltondal (Macao); ASME [Paris], vol. 801, tr. 283; Cadire, BAVH, 1926.
25/5/1791 [23 Thng T Tn Hi]: Trn th sinh Hong t th t l m
xm Tn Lc. (NTLCB, I,2: 1778-1801, 1963:138)
[Sau ny, Minh Mng xy cha Khai Tng, tc Barbet thi Php]
Trong s lnh L dng c:
Philippe Vannier (Va N E [Nguyn Vn Chn], hm trng tu Phng
phi), (NCBLT, q.28, (1993) 2:477)
1794, J. B. Chaigneau [Nguyn Vn Thng], hm trng tu Long phi.
(NCBLT, q.28, (1993) 2:477)
Godefoy de Forcanz (L Vn Lng, coi tu Bng Phi), lm n chng c.
(NCBLT, q.28, (1993) 2:477)
Victor Oliver de Puymanel (Nguyn Vn Tn)V y V ban trc hu qun
thn sch. (NCBLT, q.28, (1993) 2:477)
Jean Marie d'Ayot (a Dt hay Tr lc hu Nguyn Vn Tr, ch huy tu
ng Nai v tu Prince de Cochindrine, c trch vn ti v mua tu)
Victor Oliver de Puymanel (Nguyn Vn Tn) cng Paul H Vn Ngh
n u qun t sau ngy Nguyn Vng chim li Si Gn. Nhm lnh nh
thu Php lc tc ti sau. Godefoy de Forcanz (L Vn Lng, coi tu Bng
Phi), Jean Marie d'Ayot (a Dt hay Tr lc hu Nguyn Vn Tr, ch huy
 tu ng Nai v tu Prince de Cochindrine, c trch vn ti v mua tu),
Julien Girard de l'Isle Sell (hm trng Prince de Cochindrine), Guillaume
Gouilloux, v..v... Nm 1793 c Laurent Barizy (Nguyn Vn Mn). Nm 1794,
J. B. Chaigneau (Nguyn Vn Thng, ch huy tu Long phi). Nm 1795, c
thm Charles Stanislas Lefbre (chu Pigneau), t Pondichry qua nhp bn.
Nm 1795, c hai y s l Jean Marie Despiau v Desperles. Despiau Hu ti
nm 1824, v cht v dch t (cholera).
i Nam Chnh Bin Lit Truyn ch ghi by [7] ngi: Lnh nh thu Php
lc tc ti sau. Trong bn ny c Mn He, a Dt, Va N E [Nguyn vn Chn
[Philippe Vannier], Ly Vi (tc Tn), L Vn Lng (ngi Ph Lng Sa), Gia
Bi, Ma N En ngi Y Pha Nho.
i Nam Thc Lc Chnh Bin [NTLCB] ghi:
7-8/1789: Thi t Cnh hi hng; c Nguyn Vn Thng [J. B. Chaigneau],
Nguyn vn Chn [Philippe Vannier (Va N E)] theo, xin li lm ti t,
NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:98. Khng ng. Nm 1794, Pigneau mi ti Gia
nh.
Thng 9/1788, sai ni vin Trnh Tn Ti, Chu Vn Quan i H chu mua
sng n. (NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:78) Ngy 27/6/1790, Philippe
Vannier [Nguyn Vn Chn] c c lm hm trng tu ng nai, di
quyn Jean-Marie dAyot [Dayot]. V l Nguyn Th Sen. [ngy 23/10/1863,
n thm Phan Thanh Gin]. Thng 12/1793, sai cai i Quang-ni-ve
[Vannier], i trng Pa--ch [Barizy], u l ngi Ty, i mua v kh
thnh C [Goa, India] v x M La Kha [Malacca]. (Ibid., 2:1778-1801,
1963:183; Cadire, III. Leurs noms; BAVH, VII, no.1 (1-3/1920): ngy
17/12/1793, Barizy i Malacca v Penang)
Ngy 15/11/1824, Chng c Vannier (Chn) v Chaigneau (Thng) xin t
chc. Minh Mng sai ngi hi l do, v vua i cng khng bc. p nay
gi xin v nc. Vua ng . Thng cho phm phc v 6,000 quan tin.
(NTLCB, II, 7: 1824-1825, 1964:79)
Truy phong ng [anh rut Chng, cht nm 1777], Mn [em Ho, con th t,
cht 1783] v in [con th 6, em rut Chng, cht 1783 khi chy ra Ph Quc],
ba con ca Nguyn Phc Lun; NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:98; NCBLT, q
2: Truyn cc hong t, (1993), tr 43-44.
17/8/1789: Si Gn: Pigneau vit th cho Claude Francois Ltondal Macao.
Thut li chuyn Hong t Cnh khng chu bi ly t tin. Pigneau cho rng l
th cng t tin l theo n , m tn, d oan v sai lm, khng chp nhn c.
(ASME [Paris], vol. 801, tr. 283)
8-9/1789:git phm vn tham/sm, NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:101.
Thng 7 canh tut [1790]: nm 1789 gi go gip qun Thanh nh Ty Sn;
NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:121.
9-10/1793 [thng 8 k su]: Nguyn quang ton sai binh tip vin nhc;
NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801, 1963:175.
 10-11/1793 [thng 9 k su]: Nguyn nhc cht; NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801,
1963:179.
5-6/1794: Nguyn nh th ni, c mng?; NTLCB, I, 2:1778-1801,
1963:193=194.
5-6/1796: hang tng Ng vn S hang Nguyn?; NTLCB, I, 2:1778-
1801, 1963:234=235.
Thc ra thnh Gia nh xy theo kiu Bt Qui, v s Nguyn khng nhc
n s ng gp ca Olivier. Thng 4-5/1790, Nguyn Chng xy thnh, nm trn
g cao thn Tn Khai, huyn Bnh Dng, b phi sng Si Gn, t Rch Bn
Ngh [Arryoro Chinois] ti Rch Th Ngh [Arryoro de l'Avalanche].
Theo s Nguyn, thnh Bt Qui qui ch nh hnh hoa sen, xy bng ong,
hnh vung, mi cnh di 131 trng, 2 thc. M ra 8 ca, xy bng ong.
Tng cao 1 trng 3 thc (13 thc [ta]), chn dy 7 trng 5 thc. Pha ngoi
thnh l ho, ho rng 10 trng 5 thc, su 14 thc, c cu treo bc ngang.
Chu vi ngoi thnh l 794 trng.
Thnh m ra 8 ca: Nam, Cn Nguyn & Ly Minh ; Bc, Khn hu & Khm
him ; ng, Chn hanh & Cn ch ; Ty, Tn thun & on duyt.
ngoi l ng ph, ch ba, dc ngang u c th t. Hai bn ng quan
trng cy gi l ng thin l.
Gia sn thnh c mt k i ba [3] tng, cao 12 trng 5 thc. Trn lm ta
vng u bt gic; ban ngy ko c, ban m ko n lm hiu lnh cho cc qun.
Trong thnh c nh Thi Miu, kho cha, cc ch to ; chung quanh c nh
tranh cho qun tc v . Nm t Du [1811], tng trn Nguyn Vn Nhn [cha v
Thiu Tr] v Hip tng trn Trnh Hoi c sa cha li lm dinh Tng trn, ly
nh Thi miu c lm hnh cung, lp ngi ch ca binh s. (NTLCB, I, 2:
1778-1801, 1963:112-113 ; NNTC, (1997), 5:221-222) [Khng nhc g n Li
Vi].
Thnh ny b ph hy nm 1835-1836, sau cuc ni lon ca Ph V y
Nguyn Hu Khib Minh Mng i tn thnh L Vn Khi c dp trt
hn gin ln hn ma mt i cng thn ui to, kh vy, cng cc i lnh th
hi lng v gio dn Ki-t, vi s tham d ca gio s Marchand, con trai
Nguyn Vn Thnh, v Ph t ngi Vit Ch Ln.
Ba trong s nhn chng Ty phng c tham quan thnh ny l Hi Qun
Thiu t John White, hm trng Franklin ca M (1819-1820), v hai thng gia
Bri-tn, John Crawfurd (25/9/1822-17/10/1822. ) v George Gibson (1823). (45)
45. John White, History of a Voyage to the China Sea (Boston: Wells &
Lilly, 1823); im sch trong The North American Review, vol. 18, no. 42 (Jan
1824), pp. 140-57; in li di ta A Voyage to Cochin China (London: A & B.
Spottiswood, 1824, 1972); bn dch Php ng ca P. Midan, Les Europans
qui ont vu le vieux Hu: John White; BAVH (Ha Noi), 24 anne, nos. 2-3
(Avril-Sept. 1937), tr. 93-322; Miller, 1990:6-14; John Crawfurd, Jounal of
An Embassy from the Governor General of India to the Courts of Siam and
Cochinchina (London: 1830) [Ph bn c s on Burma do Gibson cm u];
George Finlayson, Mission to Siam and Hue, the Capital of Cochinchina, in
the Years 1821-1822 (London: 1826). Cadire, La Mission; BAVH , XIII,
no. 1 (Jan-Mars 1926), tr. 9n13.

Ngy 5/6/1819, Thiu t John White (1782-1840), hm trng tu

Franklin ca M, thy Pulau Obi [mi C Mau]. (John White, History of a
Voyage to the China Sea (Boston: Wells & Lilly, 1823); im sch trong The
North American Review, vol. 18, no. 42 (Jan 1824), pp. 140-57; in li di ta
A Voyage to Cochin China (London: A & B. Spottiswood, 1824, 1972); bn
dch Php ng ca P. Midan, Les Europans qui ont vu le vieux Hu: John
White; BAVH (Ha Noi), 24 anne, nos. 2-3 (Avril-Sept. 1937), tr. 93-322;
Miller, 1990:6-14.
c khen ngi nh the most complete and authentic account which has
been published, at least in our language, of the kingdom of Cochin China.
That country, sometimes called Onam, was first discovered by Ptolemy [an
astrologer and geographer in Alexandria, in the second century, who based his
theories on the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth], by
whom it is barely noticed under the name of Sina, and is placed by
dAnville as the eastern extremity of the ancient habitable world. North
American Review (Boston), vol. 18, no. 42 (Jan 1824) [New Series, no. 17], p.
140.
White ri Salem ngy Th By, 2/1/1819. Ti Batavia, ri Sumatra, trc
khi n Cochin China, mt th Elrado tn thi trong cc tc phm nh
Voyage Madagascar et aux Indes orientales ca Abb Rochon (1791);
Oeuvres compltes ca Pierre Poivre (Paris : Fuchs, 1797), v John Barrow, A
Voyage to Cochinchina in the years 1792 and 1793 (London : Strahan &
Rastow, 1806).
Theo Encyclopedia Britanica, Poivre gii thiu ngi Cochin Chinese nh
nh nhn, tit kim, bao dung v chm ch. Trong x khng c mt tn n
my v cha bao gi c chuyn st nhn. Mt khch l c th lang thang t
u n cui vng quc, ngoi tr kinh , m khng b mt li s nhc no.
Bt k ni u, khch c tip n bng s t m vui v, nhng cng ng
thi, l s lng bao la [gentle, frugal, hospitable, and industrious. There
is not a beggar in the country, and robbery and murder are absolutely
unknown. A stranger may wander through the Kingdom from one end to the
other, the capital excepted, without meeting the slightest insult. He will be
received everywhere with the most eager curiosity, but at the same time, with
the greatest benevolence]. North American Review (Boston), vol. 18, no. 42
(Jan 1824) [New Series, no. 17], p. 141.

V. Quang Trung Ln Ngi :

 Trong khi vn chng c in nh hng Khng Gio, mi cuc i thay
triu i cai tr thng c gii thch l do s Tri, hay cch mnhtheo
tinh thn qu Trch Ha Cch [oi/Tui [chm, h] trn, Ly/Li [la] di] ca
Dch [Yi-jing]. (46)
46. Chu Dch; s 49 : Trch Ha Cch, tp IX, Phan Bi Chu Ton Tp
(H Ni : 2000), tr 551-565 ; The I Ching or Book of Changes, Richard
Wilhelm/Cary F. Baynes, No 49 : Ko: Revolution (Molting), (Princeton, NJ :
Princeton Univ Press, 1950, 1973), Bk I, pp 190, 192 [189-192], Bk III, pp
637-638 [635-640]

Mt n s gia M, Frances Fitzerald, mn tng [image] qu Cch, Fire

in the Lake [La Trong H] lm ta cho tp best-seller nm 1971 v chin tranh
Vit Nam. Fire in the Lake tr thnh c in sau khi cc vn kh QTCS Nga,
Bc Kinh v Vit Nam h m ra cho cc nh nghin cu t thp nin 1970 v
1980. iu ti thng t hi liu dch Trch thnh Lake [h] c chnh xc?
Trch thng c ngha chm, chung, ao [swamp, marsh, pond, pool], v trn thc
t n ch l tng [hnh nh biu trng] ca hnh [xing] nc hay thy, trn
hnh la hay hahnh no thnh s dit hnh kiatrong chu trnh Cch,
tc bin i.
Cu ni ca ming ca mi vua cha nh hng Khng gio mi ln ngi l
ng mnh Tri, thun lng ngi, tha thi vn hnh ng nh "hng s"
[dy binh], cu kh cho trm hTrong biu gi Cn Long nm 1789, Nguyn
Hu vit: " Thn bn Ty Sn b y tha thi c s. Bnh Ng hng s dit
Trnh. . . . ;" [Thn l ngi o vi t Ty Sn theo thi m hnh ng, nm Bnh
Ng [1786] dy binh dit Trnh, v.. v..]. (47)
47. NCBLT, XXX: 36A, (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 146-47. Xem thm (Chiu
ln ngi [Tc v chiu] ca Nguyn Hu, do Ng Th Nhim son; Hn Cc
Anh Hoa, Tuyn Tp th vn Ng Th Nhm, bn dch Mai Quc Lin, 2 tp
(H Ni: KHXH, 1978), II:105 [103-6] Hn, 108 [107-9] Vit.: Ti liu Ki-t
gio ghi Quang Trung ln ngi ngy 6/11/1788 [11/10 Mu Thn Thanh] [h
thng dng lch Thanh]; CARAN (Paris), F5 A-22. Nu lch Vit l ngy
8/11/1788. [khng ng]

3. Ngy 21/12/1788, c Tuyt mi vo ti Hu. Nghe xong bo co ca

Tuyt, Bc Bnh Vng cc k phn n cao ging tha m bn ch Ng, ri
quyt nh xng c chnh ngha nh ngoi xm, v thun tri, tha thi
vn, lm mt cuc cch mnhthay i mnh tri.
Hm sau, 22/12/1788 [25/11 Mu Thn], Nguyn Hu lp bn th pha nam
Hu, t co tri t, t xng l Quang Trung [Sng sa, rng r nh bui tra], ri
kim im binh s, ko ra Bc. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:83; khng ghi
ngy)
 4. Ti liu Ng Gia Vn Phi ghi Quang Trung ln ngi ngy 22/11 nm
nay [c th l Mu Thn, tc 17 hay 19/12/1788, ty theo lch Thanh hay Vit].
5. Ngy 26/12/1878 [29/11 Mu Thn] hay 27/12/1788 [1/12 Mu Thn],
Quang Trung ti Ngh An. Cho lnh dng qun y hn 10 ngy. Chn thm
dn Ngh An, c 3 inh ly 1 lnh. Ly thm 80,000 qun Ngh An v Thanh Hoa.
Qun Thun-Qung chia lm 4 doanh, tin hu, t hu. Tn binh Thanh Ngh lm
trung qun. Gm hn 100,000 qun, voi chin vi trm tht. Duyt i binh trc
trn dinh, ri ko ra Bc. (CMCB, XLVII:39-40, (H Ni: 1998), II:845;
NCBLT, XXX:32B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 132-33; (1993), II: [491-503] (Nhc), II:
517 [503-30] (Hu), [530-49] (Ton).
Ngy 14/1/1789 [19/12 Mu Thn Vit] Quang Trung ti Tam ip. Ng
Vn S n xin t ti lui qun. [Ngy 15/1/1789 [20/12 Mu Thn Vit], theo
Lit Truyn NCBLT, XXX:32B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 132-33; 1993, II: [491-
503](Nhc), II:517 [503-30] (Hu), [530-549] (Ton)].
Ngy 15/1/1789, Ty Sn t ph mt lng ln gn K Vinh, Nam nh. L
do l khng np s lnh. [y l tr s gio phn ng Ngoi Ty ca Gim
mc Jacques Benjamin Longer (1752-1831). Ti i Vit nm 1776, Longer tng
thnh lp tiu chng vin An Ninh ca Tng (Qung Tr), v c phong chc
Gim mc ngy 3/4/1787. Chnh thc th phong Macao ngy 4/12/1792. Cht
K Vinh ngy 2/2/1831].
Quang Trung cho qun n Tt trc. Hn ngy 7/1 K Du vo thnh H Ni.
(NCBLT, XXX:33A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 134-35; C i T M S lm tin
phong; H H Hu coi Hu qun. i c Lc, c Tuyt coi T qun.
Thy qun lin thuc vo, tin ti sng Lc u. c Tuyt gi Hi Dng
h tr o qun pha ng. i c Lc tin nhanh ti Lng Giang, Phng
Nhn, Thi Nguyn chn ng rt ca ch. i c Bo, c Mu lnh
hu qun, voi v nga lin thuc vo. Tin ln Thanh tr, H ng. Cc k b mt
l cnh qun xung kch voi trn theo ng nh tin ra kinh , gm cc n v
sc tc. (NCBLT, XXX:33B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 136-37;
Ngy 16/1/1789 [tc 23/12 Mu Thn Thanh], qun Thanh c tin Nguyn
Hu ra ti Thanh Ha. Cho lnh chun b chin u. Nhng lc lng th qun L
hoang mang bt nh. T nm 1786, ba ting qun Ty Sn hay gic Nam
H tr thnh ng ngha vi thn k, v ch. Ngay n L Duy K cng bin
mt khi kinh thnh, khin Tn S Nghvn coi chin dch hung Lnh mt
c hi lm giu v kim chc tc, nh gi thp Nguyn Hu cng kh nng
chng li mnh tri ca hu quccng bi ri, lo ngi, chun b phng cch
trit thoi an ton.
Thng Ging K Du [26/1-24/2/1789], Ty Sn, :
[24/1-22/2/1789, Thanh]:

6. Trong khi , mc d Cn Long phong cho Tn S Ngh tc cng; Ha

Th Hanh tc t [viscount, di b trn nam], Vin C Mt cng bt u thay
i kin v chin dch hng L, linh cm c tai ha ca vic S Ngh tin
xung H Ni thay v li Trn Nam Quan iu ng tng qut. (Lm, 1968, p
168, notes 14, 15, 16, 17). Quan im ca S Ngh cng khc vi Vin C Mt. S
Ngh mun tin su hn vo nam, trong khi Cc thn Ha Khn [Ho Shen] v
Vin C Mt mun trit thoi cng sm cng tt. Vo thng 12/1788, nh Thanh
phi t chc 40 trm tip vn t Vn Nam ti H Ni. Tin su v hng nam
2,000 l [khong hn 800 cy s] na, s cn t thm 53 trm tip vn mi, v
100,000 vin qun. Thm na, ma ma sp ti, kh hu c hi hn vi cc
chng bnh nhit i nh st rt, th t. l cha k dn Vit s hoi nghi mc
ch ca qun vin chinh Thanh. ng lo hn l thin mnh nh L c v tuyt.
Tn S Ngh c bo v quan im ca mnh, ni cnh qun Vn Nam ca i
Knh sp bt tay cnh qun Qung Ty H Ni. (Lm, 1968:169-170; dn Thanh
S Kho, Table 1, 3:2201),
Gia lc , tin Nguyn Hu xng , ko qun ra bc, ri L Duy K m
thm bit dng khin Tn S Ngh mun trit thoi. Ngy 14/1/1789, Hong Lch
cng sai chy nga trm, cho lnh S Ngh rt qun, nhng s gi cha ti ni, tai
ha xy n. Mc d S Ngh v mt s ty tng vt sng Hng kp thi, qu
na qun Thanh b kt li b nam v cu ni Th Cu do qun L bc b t.
(NCLS, No. 170 (9-10/1976), tr. 81. Dn Takashi Inoguchi, Th bn v trt t th
gii ng truyn thng) Ha Th Hanh v nhiu tng b b li, tr thnh nn
nhn ti nghip ca o qun bch chin bch thng t Qung Nam ti Si Gn-
M Tho, t Hu ra Thng Long.

VI. Trn nh Su Ngy Tt K Du:

1. Ngy 25/1/1789 [30/12 Mu Thn], khi va thy bng dng qun Ty Sn,
qun L Gin Khu (Sn Nam)pha nam Ph Lt ng tan v.
Nguyn Hu cho qun vt sng Gin Thy trong m Giao Tha. Ngy Tt
K Du, vua ra ti H Hi, thuc huyn Thng Phc, ph Thng Tn, H ng,
pha nam H Ni. Qun Ty Sn tn cng. Mt s n v t ni ko xung.
(NCBLT, XXX:33B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 136-37; (1993), II: [491-503](Nhc),
II:518 [503-530] (Hu), [530-549] (Ton).
Thy qun do c Tuyt ch huy tin ti Lc u.
c Lc tin ti Phng Nhn, Lng Giang, Yn Th. (TBKQSVN,
1996:415,
2. Mng mt Tt K Du [26/1/1789], Nguyn Hu ra ti H Hi, thuc
huyn Thng Phc, ph Thng Tn, H ng. Qun Ty Sn tn cng. Mt s
n v t ni ko xung. n, bo Thanh chi cht, i bc tr trn ly, li t ngm
a li chung quanh.
Mng ba Tt, Ng Vn S tn cng mt s v tr qun Thanh H ng.
Qun Ty Sn tin st thnh H Ni. Trong m dng loa ku gi. Vi vn gic
xin hng. (NCBLT, XXX:34A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 138-39; 1993, II: [491-
503](Nhc), II:518-19 [503-30] (Hu), [530-49] (Ton).
 Hm sau, mng 4 Tt [29 hay 27/1/1789], qun Thanh phn cng. T th
c cc v tr H ng. (NCBLT, XXX:34A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 138-39;
1993, II: [491-503](Nhc), II:518-19 [503-30] (Hu), [530-49] (Ton).

3. Trong m 4-5/1 [30-31 hay 28-29/1/1789], qun Ty Sn tng tn cng, t

Thng Long n ly Ngc Hi.
ch thn Quang Trung ci voi tham chin. Sau, b voi, ci nga. Ngun
tin cc gio s ghi:
Theo li n, ng eo hai on ao v chy ngang dc chm u nhiu s
quan v binh lnh Thanh, lm nhiu ngi cht di tay ng. ng lun ming
h xung phong v lc no cng tuyn u.

Theo s Nguyn, qun Ty Sn tin st n Ngc Hi. Trn ly n bn

xung nh ma. [Nguyn Hu] cho lnh binh lnh np sau vn g xung trn,
cn mnh ci voi c chin.... Ha Th Hanh, Tng binh Trng S Long v
Thng Duy Thng cht ti H Hi v Ngc Hi. Thi th in Chu Sm Nghi
ng treo c t t ng a. Khong 7,000 gic b xc ti trn.S Ngh vi v
rt qun v hng bc. Cu sp, khong 3,000 binh Thanh cht ui.
Ngy y, Hu xua qun nhp thnh, o chin bo bin thnh mu en v thuc
sng. [Th nht Hu khu binh nhp thnh, s phc chin bo bin vi tiu hc sc,
giai ha dc kh d]. (NCBLT, XXX:34B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 140-41;
Ngi nh Thanh [ gn bin gii] chn ng d di, gi tr git du nhau
chy v hng bc. C trm dm tuyt khng c ngi v khi [bp]. [Thanh
nhn i chn t quan d bc lo u ph hu bn tu, s bch l tuyt v nhn
yn]. (26) (NCBLT, XXX:35A; (Si Gn: 1970), tr 142-43)

4. Ngy 2/2/1789 [mng 9 Tt K Du Thanh], Tn S Ngh chy thot v

Trn Nam Quan. L Duy K cng Hong thi hu c v con vua chy theo. Ti
Trn Nam Quan, Duy K mun li khng chin, nhng S Ngh khuyn sang
thnh Qu Lm, ch qun tng vin. Duy K bn cng 25 ngi khc vt bin
qua th ph Qung Ty. (CMCB, XLVII :42, (H Ni: 1998), II :847.
Quang Trung khng ui cng, dit tn, m sai s cu ha. Theo Lit Truyn,
trong khi nh nhau, Ty Sn bt c sc th ca Cn Long [Qianlong] cho S
Ngh v k hoch nh chim i Vit. Sau , Thang Hng Nghip, binh b o
Giang T [T], vit th khuyn Quang Trung nn vo chu nh Thanh, v Hong
Lch khng c ch tm ly li nc Vit.[sic] D coi khinh nh Thanh, Quang
Trung mun trnh vic binh ao, nn sai H H Hu mang biu qua xin sc phong.
Trong t biu, qui trch ti li cho S Ngh.
Thn bn Ty Sn b y tha thi c s. Bnh Ng [1786] hng s dit
Trnh hon quc vu L.
inh V [1787] thn khin nht tiu tng d binh k vn t hu chi tr
Kit gi nhi Duy K vng phong tiu n t d y thch
 Mu Thn [1788] thn tin chi thnh phc y tin L vng chi t
Duy Cn gim quc, kinh khin hnh gii khu quan b d quc tnh tu,
nhi Duy K chi mu tin ph u o i y thn kht vin(NCBLT, q.
XXX:36A-37B, (1970), tr. 146-51;

Thang Nghip khng dm chuyn t. Quang Trung cho Ng Th Nhim v

Phan Huy ch ph trch vic bang giao, chuyn khi chin li phm khng l v
min Trung bng ng b; gm i bc, tin bc, v.. v...d c th ch l mt
phn nh ca tng s chin ph m Tn S Ngh c cp pht trc khi ra qun.
C Quang Thy coi Bc thnh, V Vn Dng ph t; Quang Bn gi Thanh Hoa;
Nguyn Vn Du trn th Ngha An, ni vua ang xy dng mt thnh t gi l
Trung hay Vnh . ri rt qun v Hu.
NCBLT, q. XXX:37A-37B, (1970), tr 150-53 ; 1993, II:520-22 [Nguyn
Vn Hu] ;. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:86 ; CMCB, XLVII :, (H Ni :
1998), II:846-47 ; Trng Bu Lm, 1968, n 42, 44, 49.

Linh [Gim] Mc La Mothe nhn nh:

ng ta [Quang Trung] cho em v Ph Xun v v tn Kinh
[Ngha An] bng ng b ch khng phi bng ng thy . . . . hai, ba
nghn c i bc v sng thn cng, khng bit bao nhiu l sng di v kh
gii khc cng vi s tin bc v tt c nhng vt liu qu gi bt c ca
qun Trung Hoa. , kt qu ca cuc chinh pht y l nh vy, n em n
au n v nhc nh cho qun Trung Hoa v li lc cng v vang cho qun
Ty Sn...
Tim Vng dng cm v tn bo, cha t [Bc ng Trong] v
[ng Ngoi] khng my lo s qun i gm ngi n , Xim, Trung
Hoa v B o Nha... Ngay n Hong Trung Hoa cng c v v n Tn
Attila ny v ngi va mi phong ng lm vua [ng Ngoi] qua trung gian
mt v i s, qun c vic 50,000 binh lnh Trung Hoa cht v tay Tim
Vng nm ngoi ch trong mt trn giao chin thi. (ng Phng Nghi,
Mt vi s liu v Bc Bnh Vng Nguyn Hu, tr. 210-11)

VIII. Mt Trn Ngoi Giao:

1. Hong Lch n tin bi trn An Nam vi thi trm tnh khc thng.
Chng nhng khng trng pht S Ngh m sau ny cn cn nhc ln Xu Mt Vin,
v Vin C Mt. ng thi c Phc Khang An [Fu Kangan, 1753-1796], mt
tng ngi Mn, lm Tng c Lng Qung; v d nh a qun qua phc th.
2. D cn tng i tr, Khang An thuc dng gii qu tc Mn Chu, h Ph
Xt, con Fu Heng, thuc bt k, anh trai hong hu Xiao Xian Chun. Khang
An mi hon tt cuc chinh tho Formosa [i Loan], khin lnh t Thin a
Hi m cht, v Minh L Vng cng la i. Ngy 19/2/1789 [25/1 K Du],
Khang An chnh thc nhim chc Lng Qung [cho ti ngy 14/9/1793]. D l
con nh tng, Khang An hiu kh r s t nh pha sau sn khu quyn lc, v
chng t kh nng gii quyt vn Vit Nam mt cch khn kho, khin c hai
phe u c th t nhn chin thng. Sau khi chnh thc nm Lng Qung, Khang
An ng ngng vic binh, a ra hai iu kin: Phng thch t binh; v Nguyn
Hu ti Bc Kinh; (Trng Bu Lm, 1968, n 50, 51].. Thng 4 -5/1789, Khang
An ti Qu Lm. Tuyn b tri nng nc phi tm ngng vic binh, v yu cu
Duy K gic tc theo nh Thanh chun b v nh Ty Sn. Sau , Khang An
mt tu Duy K xin nhp nh Thanh, tip s Ty Sn. (CMCB, XLVII:43-44;
(H Ni: 1998), II:849-50)
3. Nguyn Hu di tn Nguyn Quang Bnh, sai chu l Nguyn Quang Hin
mang vng bc qua t lt Phc Khang An, xin yt kin Cn Long. Hong Lch
vui lm, hn nm sau Quang Bnh ti Yn Kinh mng thng th 80 tui. Nguyn
Hu ng . Cn Long bn phong Nguyn Quang Bnh lm An Nam Quc Vng.
(Nguyn Chng v cng tht vng v tng gi qun lng tip vin cho Tn S
Ngh v ht sc mua chuc cm tnh nh Thanh)
Kinh nghim thng hiu gn tm th k cng khin Quang Trung v cc c
vn min bc li mt bc, sai s xin ha, vi lp lun khng dm tn cng hay
chng c qun thin triu. (Trng Bu Lm, 1968, note 49)
25/8/1789 [26/7 K Du] T biu ca vn v quan chc mng Quang
Trung v vic giao ho thnh; Hn Cc Anh Hoa, Tuyn tp th vn Ng
Th Nhm (H Ni: 1978), tp II, 1978:128-29, Hn; 130-32, Vit.
Chiu ban n [nhn dp ha ho]; Hn Cc Anh Hoa, Tuyn tp th vn
Ng Th Nhm (H Ni: 1978), tp II, 1978:142-43, Hn; 143-44, Vit.
D cu triu vn v chiu; Hn Cc Anh Hoa, Tuyn tp th vn Ng Th
Nhm (H Ni: 1978), tp II, 1978:110-11, Hn; 112-13, Vit. [khi ra H Ni
ln th ba, c l nh qun Thanh. Nm 1789, Quang Trung i s Thanh
vo Hu, nhng s Thanh khng thun. L sch phong b nh hon.
Quang Trung gi hai s b mang ba o biu vn sang Yn Kinh np l vt t
n v tu cng. Mt bn trn tnh v vic vua ngo bnh trn ng i t Ngh An
ra Thng Long nn phi quay v cha tr khin cho nghi l th phong d tr
Thng Long nm 1789 phi din tr. Bn th hai t n c phong vng v bn
th ba l t tu km theo cng phm ca nm [tu cng].
Vic Phc Khang An cho ngi ch ng cho vn thn ca Quang Trung sa
li li hnh vn v lp lun trong s, biu, v ngay c vic la chn mt Nguyn
Quang Bnh gi n Nhit H m u gi Cn Long, hay phi mt on vn cng
10 ngi trm bng ngm nga nhng li cung vn thin t Mn Chu l iu c
th xy ra. Cn Long vn gi c uy th, trong khi Quang Trung chng c g
mttip tc cai tr t Hu, b mt kim sot v theo di chin dch Ty tin
thu phc Vn Tng, e da tn cng Nguyn Chng. theo ng thng o, v
c chin li phm khoe khoang vi Cn Long. Chng khc bit bao lm vi cc
nhn vt Nguyn Th Bnh, Tn Th N trong phi on Mt Trn Gii Phng
Quc Gia thc ra, l Mt Trn Dn Tc Gii Phng Min Nam Vit Nam
Paris t 1969 ti 1975 trong v tung nh la ngoi giao, do cc cn b hng
trung v thp ca s tnh bo quc t P 50 H Ni.

Ngy 14/1/1790, Phc Khang An th cho Quang Trung nhc nh v vic i s.

(TLTTL, (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 1348:14).
Ngy 12/5/1790 [29/3 Canh Tut], s on ri Ngh An, gm 150 ngi, c
ton vn cng trnh din 10 bi chc th Hong Lch do Phan Huy ch sang tc.
(47)
47. Phan Huy ch l con Phan Cn, ngi Thu Hoch, Thin Lc, H
Tnh, kha Thi Hi 1775 ti H Ni cng Ng Th Tr, v 16 ng tin s.
CMCB, XLIV:27, (H Ni:1998), II:724-25. Sau lm ti Thng th b L
triu Ty Sn.

Ngoi Nguyn Quang Bnh, s on c Hong t Nguyn Quang Thy, Ng

Vn S, Ng Th Nhm, Phan Huy ch, v.. v.. Ngy 28/5/1790 ti Lng Sn, vo
Trn Nam Quan. Ngy 30/5 lm l dng hng Chiu c i.
c Phc Khang An hng dn ln Bc Kinh, ht sc chiu i. Ph tn ln
ti 4500 lng bc mi ngy. (TLTTL, (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 1356:21b-28b).
Tng lm Quang Thy l Thi t, Cn Long phong Thy lm Th t, sau khi
Quang Thy v nc v ng bnh, mi i phong cho Quang Ton. (TLTTL,
(Tokyo: 1937-1938), 1356:13-14).
Ngy 20/8/1790, Nguyn Quang Bnh ti Nhit H [Jehol]. (Trng Bu Lm,
1968, p 177, n 69; Hoa Bng).
Bit hay khng bit s thc, i Tn Gic La Hong Lch ra sc trnh din s
hin din lch s ca phi b Nguyn Quang Bnh Nhit H, nh vo chu ra
mt, lm l bo tt [m u gi]. Hong Lch cn ch thn vit bn ch i t
cng cc qui thnh [ngha l chu vo ngi sao Bc u, ht lng qui phc] v
mt i cu i.
Hong Lch rt ho phng trong vic b tc cng tng ngi vng. T thi
Hu Trn hay Bnh nh Vng; ri li bt u t thi Mc ng Dung (1540)
v Trnh Tng (1593). (TLTTL (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 1358:14)
Sau , ban mt bi th c cu nhc nh vi ch trch tc cng tng ngi
vng t thi nh L. ; (Trng Bu Lm, 1968, 324note 53 ; Bang Giao Ho thoi
ca Ng Th Nhm).
Ngy 11/9/1790, Nguyn Quang Bnh theo xa gi Hong Lch v Bc Kinh.
(Trng Bu Lm, 1968, p 177, n 69; Hoa Bng).
Trc khi v nc, cn cho gi n bn ging, an i, v v, tng mt ch
Phc cng nhiu qu cp. (34) 34. NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:113-14;
NCBLT, q. XXX:39, (Si Gn : 1970) , tr. 158-61 ;: (Hu : 1993), II: 524-25
[Nguyn Vn Hu])
Nhng Hong Lch ch im lng khi Nguyn Quang Bnh tuyn b cn nh
Xim La, v nc ny hiu chin. (Trng Bu Lm, 1968, p 177, n 79
 Trn ng v nc, nga trm lun mang ti nhng trm dng chn li thm
hi hay qu cp, thit tha nh cha vi con. Ngy 4/10/ Canh Tut, v ti H Nam,
c Trn Dng Phu thp tng.
Ngy 3/1/1791 [29/11 Canh Tut]: khi Nguyn Quang Bnh v ti Trn Nam
Quan. Hong Lch cn gi nga trm tng mt ch Th. (HTL, q 112, t 33a)
Thi ca Hong Lch khin gn mt th k sau cn khin Hng Nhim cm
thy ghen tc.
Phn L Duy K v ty tng ti Yn Kinh vo thng 1-2/1790, nhng ch
c m thm ban m o tam phm. Thng 5/1791, Hong ch Hiu i Y L (min
Ty TH); L Hn i Phng Thin (Liu Ninh, ng Bc TH); Phm Nh Tng i
Hc Long Giang (ng Bc TH); Nguyn Quc ng i Ct Lm (ng Bc TH);
6 ngi khc i Nhit H (ng Bc TH); v Trng Gia Khu (tnh St Cp Nh
hin nay). Ch Phm nh Thin v inh Nh Hnh li hu vua. (CMCB.
XLVII:45-46; (H Ni : 1998), II:851)
Ngy 19/11/1793 L Duy K cht ti Yn Kinh. Thng 3-4/1804, Gia Khnh
cho lnh a v nc. M quan ti ra, tri tim vn cha tiu. Thng 12/1804, tng
lng Bng Thch. (CMCB, XLVII:48; (H Ni : 1998), II: 853-854) [CM ngng
y].
Phn Quang Trung vui hng nhng thng nm thnh cng c trn hai
phng din qun s v chnh tr. Chin dch hnh qun qua Vn Tng
[Vientiane] t Ngh An ca tng qun Trn Quang Diu, v c Nguyn
Vn Uyn l mt chin thng ln. Thng 7-8/1790, Trn Quang Diu ly c
Trn Ninh, Trnh Cao, Qui Hp. Thng 11/1790, Trn Quang Diu tin n Vn
Tng, st bin gii Xim La. Chm c Phan Dung, Phan Siu, ri ko qun v
Bo Lc. Bn L Phc Ch u b hi. Nguyn Hu sai V Vnh Thnh, Trn
Ngc Th qua nh Thanh bo tin. Ting l knh thun, nhng ra khoe. Ngc Th
qua nh Thanh bo tin. Ting l knh thun, nhng ra khoe. (NCBLT, q. XXX:
40A, (Si Gn : 1970) , tr. 160-63; (Hu : 1993), II: 526 [Nguyn Vn Hu])
Nguyn Hu lp L Th Ngc Hn lm Bc cung hong hu, con ln l
QuangTon lm Thi t. Xy thnh t Ngh An, gi l Trung .
Thng 10-11/1790, thc hin th tn bi kim sot dn inh. (NCBLT,
q. XXX: 40, (Si Gn : 1970) , tr 162-65 ; (Hu : 1993), II: II:526-28 [Nguyn
Vn Hu])
Li xin m ch thng thng ca i Bnh Thy, Cao Bng, ca i Du Thn
trn Lng Sn. Lp nh hng Nam Ninh. Cn Long u chp thun. (NCBLT,
q. XXX:39B-40A, (Si Gn : 1970) , tr. 160-63; (Hu : 1993), II: 526 [Nguyn
Vn Hu])
Nguyn Hu cn nui nh i li 6 chu Hng Ha, 3 ng Tuyn
Quang b nh Thanh tm thc vo cui i L. Sau khi tng c Lng Qung
nhiu ln t chi, Nguyn Hu mc ni vi gic bin T Ngi, Thin a Hi,
chun b binh thuyn nhm ng Lng Qung. Thng 6-7/1792, Thy qun Ty
Sn cng hi tc T ngi vo nh ph vng Khang Thun-Bnh Thun.
(NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:157-58)
 Nm 1792, Quang Trung cn cho son biu xin cu hn cng cha nh Thanh.
Tuy nhin, b bo bnh t ngt t trn, nn du vic ny i. (NCBLT, q.
XXX:39B-40A, (Si Gn : 1970) , tr. 160-63; (Hu : 1993), II: 528 [Nguyn Vn
Hu])

Nhng cn cn quyn lc nghing dn v pha Nguyn Chng. Thng 7-

8/1792, ln u tin Chng mang binh thuyn ra nh Th Ni, ph hy hm i
ca Nguyn Nhc. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:158-59)
Ngy 16/6/1792, Linh Mc L Labousse vit th bo co khong 30,000 qun
Ty Sn mi vt bin gii qua Lo, v tin on c l li chin thng v lm ch
nh lm ch ng Trong v ng Ngoi. Tuy nhin, o qun Trn Quang
Diu b hu nh tn dit trn t Lo. S phn phc cu2aanh emAnu co1the63 l
L do chnh. (48)
48. L. Cadire, Documents relatifs lpoque de Gia Long; BEFEO,
1912, p. 26; Pierre Jacques Lemonier de Labissachre, tat actuel du Tonkin,
de la Cochinchine et des royaumes du Cambodge, Laos et Lactho, 2 vols
(Paris: Edouard Champion, 1812, 1820), p 51. [Qun Ty Sn khong 6-
10,000 ngi. nh tn cng bt ng Gia nh]. Paths, 1998:93n8. Thai
sources indicate that Nanthasen sent the trophies to Rama I.

Vic Nguyn Hu chun b binh thuyn nh Chng cng khng trn vn.
Mc d tuyn b vi thuc h " Du tn Chng, du cc Ty dng nhn th cng
chng lm g c. V chng c gan m, chng hay ngh v ; ch kh em lng
s m chi ;" ngy 13/11/1792 [hay 11/11/1792, tc 29/9 Nhm T Thanh] Nguyn
Hu (1753-1792) t trn Ph Xun. Th 40 tui. Chn pha nam sng Hng.
(SKNV, 1974:60: 45 tui, khng ghi ngy mt. Ghi chuyn Nguyn
Quang Bnh gi c Gia Khnh! phong vng vo nm 1791 ti K Ch
[thc ra, thng 3 Nhm T, 1790). SKNV, 1974:42-44).

i Nam Lit Truyn ca nh Nguyn chp vua mt ngy 29 thng 9 Nhm T

[Cu nguyt nh thp cu nht Hu t, tim v ng nin, nin ti t thp;
NCBLT, q. XXX: Ngy Ty, 42B; (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 172-73; (1993), II:529].
[Dch gi Si Gn dch l bng. S quan Nguyn vit ch t vi hm
trng pht Quang Trung.
i Thanh thc lc cng ghi vua An Nam Nguyn Quang Bnh mt ngy 29
thng chn Nhm T [ging nh NLT, Ngy Ty, nhng theo lch Thanh l
11]/11/1792] ti Ngha An.
Khi Ng Th nhim v Nguyn Vit Trc sang nh Thanh bo tang; ni
Quang Trung dn chn ct Ty H nhn ngng v nh Thanh. Cn Long t
cho tn thy l Trung Thun ch thn lm th phng iu: NCBLT, q. XXX:
Ngy Ty, 43, (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 174-77)
Ngoi bang l d khin bi thn
[L [bang giao] nc ngoi th sai b ti i
 Trin cn tng v chi k thn
[Vic chu thm t trc n nay khng h bn n bn thn
Np khon ti gia lai ngc khuyt
[Np cng th ng khen nht l vic thn n triu khuyt
Hoi nghi kham tiu i kim nhn
[Trm hoi nghi v nc ci vic triu trc i ngi vng;
Thu trung thng c y quan tc
[Ma Thu trc, trm cn nh khanh o mo nghim trang
Tt h tnh nh ph t thn
[Di u gi tnh thn thit nh cha vi con
Tht t bt nng bi ai thut [
By ch khng th dt nim xt xa
Lin k trung khn xut trung chn
[Thng s trung thnh ca khanh pht xut t lng trung thc.
(NCBLT, q. XXX:43, (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 174-75; Xem thm v kim nhn,
TLTTL (Tokyo: 1937-1938), 1358:14; Trng Bu Lm, 1968:324n53.
Cho thm vua mt pho tng Pht v ba nghn lng bc lm l chn ct.
Sai n st Qung Ty l Thnh Lm ti m gi Ty H (Linh ng (Thanh
Tr), H Ni) c vn t. Cng nhc n chuyn sang chu.

Khc trn m ch hai cu:

Chc ly nam cc hiu trung c tng k xu triu;
[Cu phc cho vng cui phng nam, tn trung nn c bit khen
thng vic vng sang chu;
Tha phch Ty h mt th v vong luyn khuyt
[Vng yn xc Ty h, lc la i chng qun lng quyn luyn thin
triu. ( 49)
49. NCBLT, q. XXX:43b, (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 176-77; (Hu: 1993),
II:530.

2. V nguyn c ci cht ca vua Quang Trung, cn nhiu du hi. Theo s

quan Nguyn, vua b thn nhn nh trng thng trong gic m v dm ph
hy lng tm nh Nguyn.
[Trc , mt hm Nguyn Hu ang ngi chi bui chiu bng m thy
mt ng gi u bc t trn khng xung, mc o trng, tay cm gy st ch
vo Hu m bo rng: ng cha my sinh t vua, i lm dn vua, my sao
dm v l xm phm lng tm? Ri nh vo trn mt ci, Hu m ngt ng
ra. T hu u s, gi lu mi tnh. em vic y ni vi trung th Trn Vn
K. Nhn m khng dy c.
Hu tn ngc v o, k s c thnh d, lit thnh ch tn lng giai
phm chi. Nht nht vn ta ht huyn vng kin bch u ng t khng
trung lai, tr bch y, tr thit bng m vit: Nh chi t ph c Vng th, th
vi Vng dn, nh an cm phm chi lng tm? D bng kch k tang, Hu
 hn o lng cu ni tnh d ng Trung th Trn Vn K. T th bnh
chuyn kch... (50)
50. NCBLT, q.XXX:42 [Ngy Ty], (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 170-73,
(1993), II:528; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:159-60)

Tri trng vi bn [Trn Quang Diu]: Ta m mang cng gii, khai thc t
ai c trm ci Nam phc, nay bnh t khng dy c. Thi t t cht kh cao
nhng tui cn b, ngoi th c mi th vi nc Gia nh, vua Thi c tui gi
ham dt lc, tm yn khng lo hu hon. Sau khi ta mt ri th trong khong mt
thng lo chn ct s si cho xong vic m thi. Bn ngi nn ph Thi t sm v
Vnh khng ch thin h. Khng nh th th khi binh Gia nh ra ti, bn
ngi khng c ch chn y. (51)
51. NCBLT, q.XXX:42b [Ngy Ty], (Si Gn: 1970), tr. 172-73, 1993,
II:528-29; NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:159-60) lghi Nguyn Hu cht ngy
29/9 Nhm T [13 hay 11/11/1792]. Nguyn V, "Vic nghin cu nh Ty Sn
(1778-1801);" Ngn Nm Soi Mt (Houston : Vn Ha, 2002), tr. 284-87 [271-
316].

Chng r c bao nhiu phn trm s thc. Theo ti liu Ng Gia Vn Phi,
Hn Cc Anh Hoa, sau trn thy chin Th Ni thng 7-8/ 1792, Thng Su
Nhm T [19/7-17/8/1792], (2:158-59) Quang Trung vn cn nh gi thp
Nguyn Chng cng s gip ca "Ty dng nhn. "
Trong khi chun b binh thuyn nh Chng. Nguyn Hu tuyn b vi thuc
h :
"Tn Chng trn n mnh ni n ni kia, v cu nhng Ty dng nhn ti
gip. Du tn Chng, du cc Ty dng nhn th cng chng lm g c. V
chng c gan m, chng hay ngh v ; ch kh em lng s m chi. " SKNV,
1974 :59-60.
Dn con l Nguyn Quang Ton rng Ta s cht y. Thn kinh Ph Xun
khng phi ca my c c. Ngh An l t ca cha m ta. t y l ni him
yu c th trng cy c. Ta p thnh dy lm Trung l lm k Tn
Dng ngy khc cho my. Sau khi ta cht my nn v . Nu c bin c no cn
c th gi c. Ri Hu cht]. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963 :160
Theo i Nam Thc Lc ca Quc s qun nh Nguyn, c tin vua Quang
Trung mt ngy 29 thng 7 Nhm T, tc ngy 16 [15?]/9/1792 ti Ph Xun. (52)
52. NTLCB, q. VI, 7B; I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:159-60.

[Trc , mt hm Nguyn Hu ang ngi chi bui chiu bng m thy

mt ng gi u bc t trn khng xung, mc o trng, tay cm gy st ch vo
Hu m bo rng: ng cha my sinh t vua, i lm dn vua, my sao dm v
l xm phm lng tm? Ri nh vo trn mt ci, Hu m ngt ng ra. T hu
u s, gi lu mi tnh. em vic y ni vi trung th Trn Vn K. Nhn m
khng dy c.
 Dn con l Nguyn Quang Ton rng Ta s cht y. Thn kinh Ph Xun
khng phi ca my c c. Ngh An l t ca cha m ta. t y l ni him
yu c th trng cy c. Ta p thnh dy lm Trung l lm k Tn
Dng ngy khc cho my. Sau khi ta cht my nn v . Nu c bin c no cn
c th gi c. Ri Hu cht]. Khng ghi ngy.
Con l Quang Ton ln ni ngi. Nin hiu l Cnh Thnh. Thi s Bi c
Tuyn nhip chnh. (NLT CB, I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:159-60)
Theo tin n ca Ki-t gio, Nguyn Hu cht v say m tu sc qua . (53)
53. SKVN, 1974:60.

Vo u th k XXI ny, nhng nguyn c nh thn nhn git cht kh

ng vng. Nhng trong dn gian li c tin n (a) vua b u c m th phm
hoc l cc gio s Ki-t (nhng ngi ang ng h Nguyn Chng khi phc li
ng [ng] Trong, m ng cho cc on vin chinh Php trong th k XIX),
hoc (b) ngi Thanh (v vua mu i li phn t b nh Thanh xm ln vo
cui triu L-Trnh [1780], v c vng Lng Qung). (54)
54. 7/3/1791: Ph-Xun: Quang Trung dng gio s Jean Jacques Gurard
(1761-1823) lm thy thuc. V ln ca vua b bnh nng. Quang Trung sai
mt i thn ngi Ki-t i tm mt gio s ngi u n gip tr bnh.
Gurard lc by gi ang ti x o ca Gim mc Jean Labartette Dinh
Ct, thuc x i T, huyn ng Xng, Qung Tr. Nhng ngy 29/3, v
Quang Trung cht. (Th ngy 25/11/1792, Girard gi Boiret; ASME, Tonkin
692, tr. 397-99) Guerard ti ng Ngoi ngy 11/12/1789. Gim mc ngy
23/7/1816. Cht ngy 18/6/1823.

Loi tin n ny cng d hiu. Ngi Vit l mt dn tc rt m say thuyt

m mu [conspiracy]. y l c tnh ca mt dn tc lun lun sng di cc
ch chuyn chnh, b bng tai, bt mt, nn hay hoi nghi, v tm cch gii thch
mi s, mi vic theo tr tng tng da trn nhng cm nhn [perceptions] y
ch quan v hiu bit b phu ca mnh.
Nm 1946, Hong Xun Hn mn bo D Lun nu ln vn trn,
khi B trng Gio dc ca chnh ph VNDCCH chn ngy 29 thng 9 m lch
[13/11/1792] lm ngy gi vua Quang Trung. Theo Gio s Hn, Quang Trung
bng h ngy 29 thng 7 Nhm T (cui thng 7 [29/7] Nhm T): (tng ng
vi ngy 14/9/1792 16 [15?]/9/1792). (55)
55. Ngy gi Quang Trung mt; D Lun (H Ni), s 28 (1946), tr. 5;
Ton tp, II:1074-77.

Hong Xun Hn trng dn nhng t liu sau bin minh cho lp lun
ca ng:
Theo i Nam Thc Lc ca Quc s qun nh Nguyn, vua Quang Trung
mt ngy 29 thng 7 Nhm T, tc ngy 16 [15?]/9/1792 ti Ph Xun. (NTLCB,
q. VI, 7B; I, 2: 1778-1801, 1963:159-60)
 Mt s t liu khc ghi tng t: Quc triu tot yu ca Cao Xun Dc, D
Am tp ca Phan Huy ch, v di co ca L Huy Dao, mt vong thn nh L. (Hn,
Ton Tp, II:1075)

Bn dch Vit ng chng ti c trong tay ch ghi thng 7 Nhm T [18/8-

15/9/1792 lch Vit, hay 16/8-13/9/1792 nu l lch Thanh] khng ghi ngy. Lch
VN hin nay ghi ngy 29/7 Nhm T tng ng vi ngy 15/9/1792; ngy
16/9/1972 tng ng ngy 1/8 Nhm T. Bn dch Vit ng Quc triu tot yu
chng ti c trong tay cng ch ghi thng 7 Nhm T, khng ghi ngy; (1923,
1971:25) D s nht k v Hong L Nht Thng Ch ghi l vua mt vo thng 8
Nhm T [16/9-15/10/1792]. (Hn, Ton Th, II:1077). Ngy Nguyn v T Din
Hc, hai tc gi Thanh, ghi Quang Trung cht thng 3 Nhm T (4/1792)].

Tng t nh th, ci cht ca Nguyn Nhc y nghi vn.

Theo Lit truyn nh Nguyn, Nhc cht vo thng T Qu Su [10/5-
8/6/1793] v ut c thi ngang ngc ca nhm Thi y Phm Cng Hng, H
gi Nguyn Vn Hun, i T-l L Trung, i T M Ng Vn S v ng Vn
Chu khi mang qun gii cu Qui Nhn theo li yu cu ca Nhc. Nhc hc mu
m cht. (NCBLT, q. XXX: Ngy Ty, 16A, 45A, tr 66-7, 182-83)
Theo i Nam Thc Lc, Nhc cht vo thng 9 Qu Su (5/10-3/11/1893).
Nguyn do cng v s lng quyn ca nhm Hng, Hun. (NTLCB, I, 2: 1778-
1801, 1963:179)
Cc nh truyn gio cng khng ng nht v ngy Nguyn Nhc mt. Ngy
6/6/1793, t B Chnh, Linh mc Gurard th cho Boiret bo tin Nhc cht ngay
sau khi Quang Ton mang qun vo gii cu Qui Nhn. (ASME [Vn kh Hi
truyn gio hi ngoi] (Paris), Tonkin 692, tr. 426-29) Nhng Linh mc La Mothe
li cho rng Nhc cht ngy 13/12/1793. (Th La Mothe gi Boiret; Ibid., Tonkin
692, tr. 539-41). Vi ti liu ca cc gio s Php, nh Jean Jacques Gurard
(1761-1823) th ghi (thng 5/1793) c cha th nht [tc Quang Trung] cht
vo thng 9/1792; Pierre Marie Le Labousse (thng 7/1793) ghi Quang Trung cht
vo u thng 9/1792.
Nhng s gia chn chnh kh i xa hn gii hn ti liu c trong tay. Ngoi ra,
cn k thut tm, gii thch v s dng cc ti liu.

Houston, 1/2/2015
V Ng Chiu & Hong V