How is the Breast Designed

The breasts sit on the chest

muscles that cover the ribs.
Each breast is made of 15 to 20
lobes.
Lobes contain many smaller
lobules.
Lobules contain groups of tiny
glands that can produce milk.
Milk flows from the lobules
through thin tubes called ducts to
the nipple.
The nipple is in the center of a
dark area of skin called the areola.
Fat fills the spaces between the
lobules and ducts.
What is Cancer
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Cancer is the abnormal, uncontrollable,
continuous replication of cells which will
inevitably lead to the formation of a tumor.
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 What causes Breast cancer?
Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality (a mistake in the genetic
material). However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from
your mother or father. About 90% of breast cancers are due to genetic
abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process and the lifestyle in
general (for example drinking alcohol).

Breast implants, using antiperspirants, and wearing underwire bras do not increase
the risk for breast cancer. There is also no evidence of a direct link between breast
cancer and pesticides.
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Gender: female (1% males)
Race: more common in whites
Age: increases as a woman gets older.
Relative : (mother or sister)
Menstrual history :early on set
late menopause
Childbirth: first child After the age of 30 or
having no children at all

Pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective against breast cancer

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Obesity
Diet: Fat
Alcohol
Lack of Physical Activity ; Stress
Radiation Exposure
History of cancer: breast, uterus, cervix, ovary
Hormones: estrogens in Hormone replacement therapy
& Birth control pills
Genetics : certain conditions that are inheritated

> 70% have no risk factors

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Forms in the Spreads mainly

tissues of the through the
breast Lymphatic system
THE NORMAL BREAST 1. Chest wall.

2. Pectoral muscles.

3. Lobules (glands that make milk).

4. Nipple surface.

5. Areola.

6. Lactiferous duct tube that

carries milk to the nipple

7. Fatty tissue.

8. Skin.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Lymphatic System which consists of vessels and
organs plays two vital roles in our lives:

1) The vessels essentially maintain interstitial fluid

levels by carrying excess fluids as well as any
plasma proteins, back into the cerebrovascular
system (CVS).

2) The organs, house critical immune cells such as

lymphocytes which carry out our body defense
against infection.
 BREAST TUMORS

Malignant Benign

Cancerous Not - Cancerous

BENIGN TUMORS
Not cancerous.

Benign breast tumors are abnormal growths, but they

do not spread outside of the breast and they are not
life threatening.
 Not cancerous.
B
E
Benign breast tumors are abnormal growths, but they
N do not spread outside of the breast and they are not
I life threatening.
G
N Most lumps are caused by the combination of cysts
and fibrosis
T
U Cysts are fluid-filled sacs.
M
Fibrosis is the formation of scar - like tissue.
O
R These changes can cause breast swelling and pain.
S
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Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous)
tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. It
is found mostly in women, but men can get
breast cancer, too.
Breast Cancer Facts

2nd leading cause of death

2nd most common cancer
Incidence increases with age
All women are at risk
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Invasive Non - Invasive

Cancerous Pre Cancerous

Malignant Still in its original position
Spreads to other organs Eventually develops into
(metastasis) invasive breast cancer.
 TYPES OF BREAST CANCER

(A) Ductal (B) Inflammatory (C) Lobular

Carcinoma Breast Cancer Carcinoma
(IBC)

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Invasive Lobular

Carcinoma
Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Lobular Carcinoma in
situ (LCIS)
 DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU (DCIS)

Non invasive

contained within the milk ducts .

May become invasive (pre cancer).

 DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU (DCIS)

Picture
INVASIVE (OR INFILTRATING) DUCTAL
CARCINOMA (IDC)
Most common breast cancer.
Accounts for about 8 out of 10 invasive breast
cancers.

Lining of the ducts Grows /invades

the breast tissues

Spreads to lymph nodes

Other organs
INVASIVE (OR INFILTRATING) DUCTAL
CARCINOMA (IDC)
(B) INFLAMMATORY BREAST CANCER (IBC)

Uncommon (1% to 3% of all breast cancers)

Invasive Breast Cancer.

No lump or tumor.

infection in its early stages.

(B) INFLAMMATORY BREAST CANCER (IBC)

IBC makes the skin of the breast look red and feel warm.

It also may make the skin look thick and pitted and may have an
orange peel feel.

The breast may get bigger, hard, tender, or itchy

INFLAMMATORY BREAST CANCER (IBC)
INFLAMMATORY BREAST CANCER (IBC)
(C) LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU (LCIS)

Non Invasive.

Contained in the lobules and does not spread to the tissues of the
breast.

May become malignant .

LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU (LCIS)
(C) INVASIVE (INFILTRATING) LOBULAR
CARCINOMA (ILC)
About 1 in 10 Invasive breast cancers are ILC.

Formed in the lobules.

Grows through the wall of the lobules.

Spreads
INVASIVE (INFILTRATING) LOBULAR
CARCINOMA (ILC)
 Lump
Rash on the breast

Look for

Skin texture:
dimpling (hoyos)

Direction of nipple Nipple discharge

Breast Self Examination (BSE)
Opportunity for woman to
become familiar with her
breasts
Monthly exam of the breasts
and underarm area
May discover any changes
early
Begin at age 20, continue
monthly
When to do BSE
Menstruating women- 5 to 7 days
after the beginning of
their period
Menopausal women -
same date each month
Pregnant women
same date each month
Takes about 10 minutes
Perform BSE at least
once a month
Examine all breast tissue
Treatment for Breast Cancer
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal Therapy