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PROBLEM 11.1
Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following grades of structural steel:
SOLUTION
Y2 (50 103 )2
uY uY 43.1 in. lb/in 3
2E (2)(29 106 )
Y2 (65 106 ) 2
uY uY 72.8 in. lb/in 3
2E (2)(29 106 )
Y2 (100 103 ) 2
uY uY 172.4 in. lb/in 3
2E (2)(29 106 )
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1791
PROBLEM 11.2
Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following aluminum alloys:
SOLUTION
Aluminum alloys:
Y2 (55 106 ) 2
uY 9
21.6 103 N m/m3
2E (2)(70 10 )
uY 21.6 kJ/m3
Y2 (220 106 ) 2
uY 9
336 103 N m/m3
2E (2)(72 10 )
uY 336 kJ/m3
Y2 (150 106 )2
uY 163.0 103 N m/m3
2E (2)(69 109 )
uY 163.0 kJ/m3
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1792
PROBLEM 11.3
SOLUTION
Y2 (260 106 ) 2
uY 177.9 103 N m/m3
2E (2)(190 109 )
uY 177.9 kJ/m3
Y2 (520 106 ) 2
uY 9
712 103 N m/m3
2E (2)(190 10 )
uY 712 kJ/m3
Y2 (230 106 ) 2
uY 9
160.3 103 N m/m3
2E (2)(165 10 )
uY 160.3 kJ/m3
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1793
PROBLEM 11.4
SOLUTION
Y2 (120 103 ) 2
uY uY 436 in. lb/in 3
2E (2)(16.5 106 )
Y2 (29 103 )2
uY uY 64.7 in. lb/in 3
2E (2)(6.5 106 )
Y2 (16 103 ) 2
uY uY 6.40 in. lb/in 3
2E (2)(20 106 )
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1794
(ksi) PROBLEM 11.5
100
The stress-strain diagram shown has been drawn from data obtained
80
during a tensile test of a specimen of structural steel. Using
60 E 29 106 psi, determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the steel,
40 (b) the modulus of toughness of the steel.
20
0
0.021 0.2 0.25
0.002
SOLUTION
(a) Y E Y
Y2 1 2 1
uY E Y (29 106 )(0.002)2
2E 2 2
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1795
(MPa) PROBLEM 11.6
600
The stress-strain diagram shown has been drawn from data obtained
during a tensile test of an aluminum alloy. Using E 72 GPa,
450 determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the alloy, (b) the modulus
of toughness of the alloy.
300
150
0.14 0.18
0.006
SOLUTION
(a) Y E Y
Y2 1 2 1
uY E Y (72 109 )(0.006) 2
2E 2 2
1296 103 N m/m3 uY 1296 kJ/m3
(b) Modulus of toughness total area under the stress-strain curve
The average ordinate of the stress-strain curve is
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1796
P (kN) PROBLEM 11.7
P
400 The load-deformation diagram shown has been drawn
from data obtained during a tensile test of a specimen of
400 mm
300 an aluminum alloy. Knowing that the cross-sectional area
d
of the specimen was 600 mm2 and that the deformation
200 was measured using a 400-mm gage length, determine by
approximate means (a) the modulus of resilience of the
100 P' alloy, (b) the modulus of toughness of the alloy.
d (mm)
50
2.8
SOLUTION
P P
A 600 106 m 2
L 400 mm
Draw curve:
(a) Modules of resilience:
(shaded area)
1
uY (500 MPa)(0.007)
2
uY 1.750 MJ/m3
(b) Modules of toughness: (total area under curve)
1
1.750 MJ/m3 (500 MPa)(0.125 0.007) (6.33 500)(0.125 0.007)
2
1.750 MJ/m3 59 MJ/m3 10.46 MJ/m3 71.2 MJ/m3
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1797
P (kips)
P
PROBLEM 11.8
20
The load-deformation diagram shown has been
15
drawn from data obtained during a tensile test of a
5
18 in. 8
-in.-diameter rod of structural steel. Knowing
10
that the deformation was measured using an 18-in.
d gage length, determine by approximate means
5
(a) the modulus of resilience of the steel, (b) the
P' modulus of toughness of the steel.
d (in.)
0.36 3.2 4
0.025
SOLUTION
5
-in.-diameter rod:
3
2
5 2
A 0.3068 in
4 8
P 12.5 kips
40 ksi
A 0.3068 in 2
0.025 in.
1.389 103
L 18 in.
Y 40 ksi
Draw - curve:
(a) Mod. of resilience:
(shaded area)
1 1
uY Y Y (40 103 psi)(1.389 103 )
2 2
uY 28.0 in. lb/in 3
(b) Mod. of toughness: (total area under - curve)
1
28 in. lb/in 2 (40 ksi)(0.02 0.0014) (40 65)(0.1778 0.02) (62.5)(0.222 0.1778)
2
28 744 9860 2760 13,390 in. lb/in 2
Modulus of toughness 13.40 in. kips/in 3
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1798
PROBLEM 11.9
C
Using E 29 106 psi, determine (a) the strain energy of the steel rod ABC when
P 8 kips, (b) the corresponding strain energy density in portions AB and BC of the
3 ft 3
rod.
4
in.
2 ft 5
8
in.
SOLUTION
P 2
A d 2 , V AL, , u
4 A 2E
U uV
Portion d(in.) L(in.) A(in2) V(in3) (ksi) u (in. kip/in 3 ) U (in. kip)
3
AB 0.625 24 0.3608 7.363 26.08 11.72 10 86.32 103
BC 0.75 36 0.4418 15.904 18.11 5.65 103 89.92 103
176.24 103
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1799
PROBLEM 11.10
20-mm diameter
B 16-mm diameter Using E 200 GPa, determine (a) the strain energy of the steel
A
C
rod ABC when P 25 kN, (b) the corresponding strain-energy
density in portions AB and BC of the rod.
P
1.2 m
0.8 m
2m
SOLUTION
AAB (20) 2 314.16 mm 2
4
314.16 106 m 2
ABC (16) 2 201.06 mm 2
4
201.06 106 m 2
P 25 103 N
P 2L
U
2 EA
(25 103 ) 2 (1.2) (25 103 )2 (0.8)
(2)(200 109 )(314.16 106 ) (2)(200 109 )(201.06 106 )
(a) U 5.968 6.213 12.18 N m U 12.18 J
P 25 103
(b) AB 79.58 106 Pa
AAB 314.16 106
AB
2
(79.58 106 ) 2
u AB 9
15.83 103 u AB 15.83 kJ/m3
2E (2)(200 10 )
P 25 103
BC 124.28 106 Pa
AAB 201.16 106
BC
2
(124.28 106 ) 2
uBC 38.6 103 uBC 38.6 kJ/m3
2E (2)(200 109 )
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1800
PROBLEM 11.11
A
SOLUTION
Member EF carries a force P 8000 lb in tension while member CD carries 8000 lb in compression.
Area of member EF: A d2 (0.75)2 0.4418 in 2
4 4
(a) Strain energy.
P2 L (8000)2 (30)
CD : U CD 48.95 in. lb
2 EA (2)(10.6 106 )(1.85)
P2 L (8000) 2 (48)
EF : U EF 119.89 in. lb
2 EA (2)(29 106 )(0.4418)
Total: U U CD U EF 168.8 in. lb U 168.8 in. lb.
(b) Strain energy density.
8000 2 (4324) 2
CD : 4324 psi, u
1.85 2E (2)(10.6 106 )
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1801
0.5 m PROBLEM 11.12
B
A
C 20 mm A single 6-mm-diameter steel pin B is used to connect the steel strip
D
E DE to two aluminum strips, each of 20-mm width and 5-mm
P thickness. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa for the steel and
1.25 m 5 mm 70 GPa for the aluminum. Knowing that for the pin at B the
allowable shearing stress is all 85 MPa, determine, for the loading
shown, the maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the
assembled strips.
SOLUTION
Apin d2 (6)2 28.274 mm 2
4 4
28.274 106 m 2
all 85 106 Pa
Double shear: P 2 A (2)(28.274 106 )(85 106 )
4.8066 103 N
For strips AB, DB, BE, A (20)(5) 100 mm 2 100 106 m 2
1
FAB FDB P 2.4033 103 N
2
2
FAB LAB (2.4033 103 )(0.5)
U AB U DB 0.2063 J
2 Ea AAB (2)(70 109 )(100 106 )
2
FBE LBE (4.8066 103 )2 (1.25 0.5)
U BE 0.4332 J
2 Es ABE (2)(200 109 )(100 106 )
Total: U U AB U DB U BE 0.846 J U 0.846 J
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1802
PROBLEM 11.13
10-mm diameter
6-mm diameter
Rods AB and BC are made of a steel for which the yield strength
B
A is Y 300 MPa and the modulus of elasticity is E 200 GPa.
a C Determine the maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the
P assembly without causing any permanent deformation when the
6m length a of rod AB is (a) 2 m, (b) 4 m.
SOLUTION
AAB (10) 2 78.54 mm 2 78.54 106 m 2
4
ABC (6)2 28.274 mm 2 28.274 10 6 m 2
4
P Y Amin (300 106 )(28.274 106 )
8.4822 103 N
P2L
U
2EA
(a) a 2m L a 6 2 4m
(8.4822 103 ) 2 (2) (8.4822 103 )2 (4)
U
(2)(200 109 )(78.54 106 ) (2)(200 109 )(28.274 106 )
4.5803 25.4466 30.0 N m 30.0 J
(b) a 4m L a 6 4 2m
(8.4822 103 ) 2 (4) (8.4822 103 )2 (2)
U
(2)(200 10 )(78.54 10 ) (2)(200 109 )(28.274 106 )
9 6
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1803
PROBLEM 11.14
Rod BC is made of a steel for which the yield strength is Y 300 MPa
C B and the modulus of elasticity is E 200 GPa. Knowing that a strain
energy of 10 J must be acquired by the rod when the axial load P is
P
applied, determine the diameter of the rod for which the factor of safety
1.8 m
with respect to permanent deformation is six.
SOLUTION
UY ALuY
UY 60
A
LuY (1.8)(225 103 )
148.148 106 m 2
A d2
4
4A (4)(148.148 106 )
d
3
13.73 10 m
d 13.73 mm
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1804
PROBLEM 11.15
18-mm diameter C
The assembly ABC is made of a steel for which E 200 GPa
and Y 320 MPa. Knowing that a strain energy of 5 J must be
12-mm diameter
B acquired by the assembly as the axial load P is applied, determine
the factor of safety with respect to permanent deformation when
(a) x 300 mm, (b) x 600 mm.
A
x
900 mm
P
SOLUTION
UY 21.225
Factor of safety: F .S. 4.25
U 5
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1805
PROBLEM 11.16
A
Show by integration that the strain energy of the tapered rod AB is
2c
1 P2 L
U
c 4 EAmin
B P
L
where Amin is the cross-sectional area at end B.
SOLUTION
cx
Radius: r Amin c 2
L
c2
A r2 x2
L2
2 L P 2dx P2 2L L2 dx
U
L 2 EA
2E L c2 x2
2 2 2L
P L 1
x
2 E c 2 L
P 2 L2 1 1 P2 L
2L L U
2 EAmin 4 EAmin
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1806
2.55 in.
2.85 in. PROBLEM 11.17
2.10 in.
1.5 in.
Using E 10.6 106 psi, determine by approximate means the
P
maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the aluminum rod
3 in. shown if the allowable normal stress is all 22 ksi.
A
SOLUTION
Amin (1.5)2 1.7671 in 2
4
all 22,000 psi
Pall all Amin 38,877 lb
P 2dx P 2 dx 2 P 2 dx
U
2 EA 2 E d 2
E d2
4
Use Simpsons rule to compute the integral. h 1.5 in.
(2)(38877) 2 (1.13125)
U U 102.7 in. lb
(10.6 106 )
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1807
B PROBLEM 11.18
P
1
A
2 l In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the
C uniform cross-sectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss
1
2 l D
when the load P is applied.
A
SOLUTION
2
2 1 5
LBC LCD l l l
2 2
Joint C. (equilibrium)
2 2
Fx 0: FBC FCD 0
5 5
FCD FBC
1 1
Fy 0 : FBC FCD P 0
5 5
5 5
FBC P FCD P
2 2
Strain energy.
F 2L 1 2
U 2
FBC LBC FCD LCD
2 EA 2 EA
2 2
1 5 5 5 5
P l
P l
2 EA 2 2 2 2
P 2l
U 1.398
EA
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1808
l PROBLEM 11.19
P
A In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the uniform
B C cross-sectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss when the
load P is applied.
308
SOLUTION
3 2
Fy 0: FCD P 0 FCD P
2 3
1 1
Fx 0: FBC FCD 0 FBC P
2 3
F 2L 1 F 2L
U
2 EA 2 E A
Member F L A F2L/A
1 1 2
BC P l A P l /A
3 3
2 8 2
CD P 2l A P l /A
3 3
3P 2l /A
1 P 2l P 2l
U 3 U 1.5
2 E A EA
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1809
l PROBLEM 11.20
P
A In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the uniform
B C cross-sectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss when the
load P is applied.
A A
30
SOLUTION
Equilibrium of joint C.
3 2
Fy 0: FCD P 0 FCD P
2 3
1 1
Fx 0: FBC FCD 0 FBC P
2 3
Equilibrium of joint D.
3
Fy 0: FBD FCD 0 FBD P
2
1 F 2L 1 F 2L
Strain energy. U
2 EA 2E A
Member F L A F2L/A
BC 1
P l A 1 2
P l/A
3 3
CD 2
P 2l A 8 2
P l/A
3 3
BD P 3l A 3P 2l/A
4.732P2l/A
1 P 2l P 2l
U 4.732 U 2.37
2E A EA
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1810
P PROBLEM 11.21
C In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the uniform
2A 2A cross-sectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss when the load
3
4 l P is applied.
A D
B
SOLUTION
3 3
Fx 0: FCD FCB 0
5 5
FCB FCD
4
Fy 0: P 2 FCD 0
5
5
FCB FCD P
8
3
Fx 0: FBD FCD 0
5
3
FBD FCD 0
5
3 5 3
FBD P P
5 8 8
F 2L 1 F 2L
U
2 EA 2E A
1 179 2
Pl
2 E 384 A
179 P 2l P 2l
U 0.233
768 EA EA
Member F L A F 2 L /A
5 5 125 2
CB P l 2A P l /A
8 6 768
5 5 125 2
CD P l 2A P l /A
8 6 768
3 9 2
BD P l A P l /A
8 64
179 2
P l /A
384
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1811
80 kN PROBLEM 11.22
2500 mm2
C 30 kN Each member of the truss shown is made of aluminum and has the
cross-sectional area shown. Using E 72 GPa, determine the strain
2000 mm2 energy of the truss for loading shown.
2.4 m
D
B
2.2 m
1m
SOLUTION
Lengths of members:
LBC (3.22 2.42 )1/ 2 4 m
LCD (12 2.42 )1/ 2 2.6 m
E 72 GPa 72 109 Pa
Forces in kN.
Equilibrium of truss.
M B 0: (30)(2.4) (80)(3.2) Dy (2.2) 0
Dy 83.636 kN
Fy 0: Dy By 80 0
83.636 By 80 0 By 3.636 kN
Member forces.
4m 4
FBC By (3.636 kN) 6.061 kN
2.4 m 2.4
2.6 m 2.6
FCD Dy (83.636 kN) 90.606 kN
2.4 m 2.4
Fi Li
Strain energy. U U BC U CD
2 AE
2
FBC LBC F2 L (6.061 103 )2 (4) (90.606 103 )2 (2.6)
U CD CD
2 EABC 2 EACD (2)(72 10 )(2 10 ) (2)(72 109 )(2.5 103 )
9 3
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1812
B PROBLEM 11.23
3 in2
2.5 ft
2 in2 C 24 kips Each member of the truss shown is made of aluminum and has the
cross-sectional area shown. Using E 10.5 106 psi, determine the
2.5 ft strain energy of the truss for the loading shown.
5 in2 40 kips
D
6 ft
SOLUTION
Joint D
2.5
Fy 0: FBD FCD 0 FBD 15 kips
6.5
F 2L 1 F 2L
U
2 EA 2 E A
140.33 109
U 6682 lb in. 6.68 kip in.
(2)(10.5 106 )
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1813
w PROBLEM 11.24
B Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses, determine the strain
A energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
L
SOLUTION
v
M K 0: M (wv) 0
2
1
M wv 2
2
2
L M2 1 L 1 2
U
0 2 EI
dv
2 EI
0
2 wv dv
L
w2 L w2 v 5
4
v dv
8 EI 0 8 EI 5 0
w2 L5 w2 L5
U
40EI 40 EI
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1814
P PROBLEM 11.25
D
A B Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses, determine the strain
energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
a L
SOLUTION
M D 0: aP LRB 0
aP aP
RB
L L
P 2a 2
Total: U U AD U DB U (a L)
6 EI
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1815
P P PROBLEM 11.26
a a
D E
A B Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses, determine the strain
energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
SOLUTION
Fy 0: RA RB 2 P 0 RA RB P
P 2 a 2 ( L 2a )
Over portion DE, M Pa U DE
2 EI
Over portion EB,
By symmetry,
P 2 a3
U EB U AD
6 EI
P2 a2
Total: U U AD U DE U EB U (3L 4a )
6 EI
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1816
M0 PROBLEM 11.27
A B
D Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses, determine the
strain energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
a b
L
SOLUTION
M0
M B 0: RA L M 0 0 RA
L
M0
M A 0: RB L M 0 0 RB
L
M0x
A to D: M J 0: M 0
L
M0x
M
L
a M 2 dx M 02 a M 02 a3
U AD 0 2 EI
2 EIL2 0
x 2 dx
6 EIL2
M 0v
D to B: M K 0: M
L
M 0v
M
L
b M 2 dv M 02 b M 02b3
U DB 0 2 EI
2 EIL2 0
v 2 dv
6 EIL2
M 02 (a3 b3 )
Total: U U AD U DB U
6 EIL2
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1817
8 kips PROBLEM 11.28
A
D
B
Using E 29 106 psi, determine the strain energy due to
bending for the steel beam and loading shown. (Neglect the
S8 3 18.4
effect of shearing stresses.)
6 ft 3 ft
SOLUTION
M D 0: RA L aP 0
aP
RA
L
aP
Over portion AD: M x
L
2
L M2 1 L aP
U AD 0 dx x dx
2EI 2 EI 0 L
P 2a 2 L 2
x dx
2EIL2 0
P 2a 2 L
6 EI
Over portion DB: M Pv
a M2 1 a 2 2 P 2a3
U BD 0 dv 0
P x dx
2 EI 2 EI 6EI
P 2a 2
Total: U U AD U DB ( a L)
6 EI
Data: P 8000 lb, L 6 ft 72 in., a 3 ft 36 in., E 29 106 psi
I 57.5 in 4
(8000) 2 (36) 2 (72 36)
U
(6)(29 106 )(57.5)
U 895 in. lb
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1818
2 kips 2 kips 1.5 in.
PROBLEM 11.29
B C Using E 29 106 psi, determine the strain energy due to bending for
A D D the steel beam and loading shown. (Neglect the effect of shearing
3 in.
stresses.)
60 in.
15 in. 15 in.
SOLUTION
Over A to B: M Px
a M 2 dx P 2 a P 2 a3
U AB 0 2 EI
2 EI 0
x 2 dx
6 EI
Over B to C: M Pa constant
M 2b P 2 a 2b
U BC
2 EI 2 EI
P 2 a3
By symmetry, U CD U AB
6 EI
P 2 a 2 (2a 3b)
Total: U U AB U BC U CD
6 EI
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1819
180 kN PROBLEM 11.30
W360 64
C
A B Using E 200 GPa, determine the strain energy due to bending for the
steel beam and loading shown. (Neglect the effect of shearing stresses.)
2.4 m 2.4 m
4.8 m
SOLUTION
1
Over portion AC, M Px
2
L/2 M2 P2 L/2
U AC 0 2 EI
dx
8 EI 0
x 2 dx
L/2
P 2 x3 P 2 L3
8EI 3 0
192 EI
P 2 L3
By symmetry, U CB U AC
192 EI
P 2 L3
Total: U U AC U CB
96 EI
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1820
80 kN 80 kN PROBLEM 11.31
W310 74
D E
A B Using E 200 GPa, determine the strain energy due to bending for
the steel beam and loading shown. (Neglect the effect of shearing
1.6 m 1.6 m 1.6 m stresses.)
4.8 m
SOLUTION
( Pa)2 a P 2a3
U DE
2EI 2 EI
P 2a3
By symmetry, U EB U AD
6EI
5 P 2a3
U U AD U DE U EB
6 EI
Data: P 80 103 N, a 1.6 m, E 200 109 Pa
I 163 106 mm 4 163 106 m 4
5 (80 103 ) 2 (1.6)3
U 670 N m U 670 J
6 (200 109 )(163 106 )
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1821
PROBLEM 11.32
w Assuming that the prismatic beam AB has a rectangular cross section, show
that for the given loading the maximum value of the strain-energy density
in the beam is
B
A
45 U
umax
L 8 V
SOLUTION
L 1
M B 0: RA L ( wL) 0 RA wL
2 2
1 2 1
M RA x wL w( Lx x 2 )
2 2
L M w2 L
U 0 2 EI
dx
8 EI 0
( L2 x 2 2 Lx3 x 4 )dx
L
w2 L2 x3 2 Lx 4 x5
8 EI 3 4 5
0
w2 L5 1 1 1
3 2 5
8 EI
w2 L5
240 EI
1 L L 1 2
2
M max w L wL
2 2 2 8
M max c wL2 c
max
I 8I
max
2
w2 L4 c 2
umax
2E 128 EI 2
U
1
8 LI 8 L 12 bd
3
umax 15c 2 15 d2
2
8 8
Lbd V
45 45
45 U
umax
8 V
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1822
A
PROBLEM 11.33
TA 5 300 N m
In the assembly shown, torques TA and TB are exerted on disks A and B,
0.9 m
30 mm respectively. Knowing that both shafts are solid and made of aluminum
B (G 73 GPa), determine the total strain energy acquired by the
TB 5 400 N m
assembly.
0.75 m
46 mm
C
SOLUTION
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1823
PROBLEM 11.34
36 in. The design specifications for the steel shaft AB require that the shaft
B acquire a strain energy of 400 in. lb as the 25-kip in. torque is applied.
Using G 11.2 106 psi, determine (a) the largest inner diameter of the
shaft that can be used, (b) the corresponding maximum shearing stress in
A the shaft.
2.5 in.
25 kip in.
SOLUTION
U 400 in. lb
T 25 kip in. 25 103 lb in.
L 48 in.
T 2L
U
2GJ
T 2L (25 103 ) 2 (48)
J 3.3482 in 4
2GU (2)(11.2 106 )(400)
d 0 d
4 4
4
But J i
2 2 2 32
d 0 di4
32
(a) di4 d 04 J
32
2.54 (3.3482)
4.9580 in 4
di 1.492 in.
Tc0
(b)
J
(25 103 )(1.25)
2.5112
9.33 103 psi
9.33 ksi
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1824
PROBLEM 11.35
A Show by integration that the strain energy in the tapered rod AB is
2c
7 T 2L
U
c T
48 GJ min
B
where J min is the polar moment of inertia of the rod at end B.
L
SOLUTION
cx
r
L
c4
J r4 x 4 , J min c4
2 2 L4 2
2 L T 2 dx 2L T 2 dx
U
L 2GJ
L c4 4
2G 4
x
2 L
T 2 L4 2L dx
2GJ min L x4
2L
T 2 L4 1
2GJ min 3x3 L
T 2 L4 1 1 7 T 2L
U 3
3 U
2GJ min 3(2 L) 3L 48 GJ min
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1825
y PROBLEM 11.36
20 MPa The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made of a
brass for which Y 160 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy
criterion, determine the range of values of z for which yield does not
75 MPa occur.
z
100 MPa
z
x
SOLUTION
1
ave (100 20)
2
60 MPa
x y 100 20
2 2
40 MPa
xy 75 MPa
2
x y
xy
2
R
2
402 752
85 MPa
a ave R
145 MPa
b ave R
25 MPa
c z
( a b )2 ( b c ) 2 ( c a ) 2 2 Y2
(145 25) 2 (25 z ) 2 ( z 145) 2 (2)(160) 2
28,900 (625 50 z z2 ) ( z2 290 z 21,025) 51,200
2 z2 240 z 650 0
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1826
y PROBLEM 11.37
20 MPa The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made of a
brass for which Y 160 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy
criterion, determine whether yield occurs when (a) z 45 MPa,
75 MPa (b) z 45 MPa.
z
100 MPa
z
x
SOLUTION
1
ave (100 20)
2
60 MPa
x y 100 20
2 2
40 MPa
xy 75 MPa
2
x y
xy
2
R
2
402 752
85 MPa
a ave R 145 MPa
b ave R 25 MPa
c z
?
( a b ) 2 ( b c )2 ( c a )2 2 Y2
(a) c z 45 MPa
?
(145 25) 2 (25 45) 2 (45 145) 2 2(160)2 51,200
28,900 4900 10,000 43,800 51,200 (No yield.)
(b) c z 45 MPa
?
(145 25) 2 (25 45)2 (45 145)2 51,200
28,900 400 36,100 65,400 51,200 (Yield occurs.)
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1827
y PROBLEM 11.38
SOLUTION
1
ave (0 8)
2
4 ksi
x z 8 0
2 2
4 ksi
xz 14 ksi
2
z
xz
2
R x
2
42 142
14.56 ksi
a ave R
18.56 ksi
b ave R
10.56 ksi
c y
2
( a b ) 2 ( b c )2 ( c a )2 2 Y
F .S .
2
65
(18.56 10.56)2 (10.56 y ) 2 ( y 18.56)2 2
2.2
847.97 (111.51 21.12 y y2 ) ( y2 37.12 y 344.47) 1745.87
2 y2 16 y 441.92 0
16 162 (4)(2)(441.92)
y
(2)(2)
4 15.39
y 19.39 ksi, 11.39 ksi
11.39 ksi y 19.39 ksi
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
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1828
y PROBLEM 11.39
SOLUTION
1
ave (0 8)
2
4 ksi
x z 8 0
2 2
4 ksi
xz 14 ksi
2
z
R x xz
2
2
42 142
14.56 ksi
a ave R
18.56
b ave R
10.56
c y
2
( a b ) 2 ( b c )2 ( c a )2 2 Y
F .S .
(a) c y 16 ksi
2
65
(18.56 10.56) 2 (10.56 16)2 (16 18.56) 2 2
F .S .
8450
847.97 705.43 6.55 F .S . 2.33
( F .S .) 2
(b) c y 16 ksi
2
65
(18.56 10.56) 2 (10.56 16) 2 (16 18.56)2 2
F .S .
8450
847.97 29.59 1194.39 F .S . 2.02
( F .S .)2
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1829
b PROBLEM 11.40
M0
SOLUTION
M0 M
Reactions: RA , RB 0
L L
M0
Shear: V
L
M0
Bending moment: M v
L
For bending,
L M2 M 02 L
U1 0 2 EI
dv
2 EIL 2 0
v 2 dv
M L3 M 2 L
0 2 0
6 EIL 6 EI
For shear,
3V y2 1
xy 1 2 c d
2 A c 2
2
xy
2
9V 2 y2 9 M 02 y2 y4
u 1 1 2 2 4
2G 8GA2 c 2 8G (bd ) 2 L2
c c
L c 2
9M 0 b L c y2 y4
U 2 u dv 0 c
ub dy dx
8Gb 2 d 2 L2 0 c
1 2 dy dx
c 2 c 4
c
9M 02 L 2 y3 1 y5 9 M 02 L 4 2
8Gb d L 2 2 0
y
3 c 2 5 c 4
dx
8Gb d 2 L2 0
2c 3 c 5 c dx
c
9M 02 16 6 M 02 c 3 M 02
c L
8Gb d 2 L2 15 5 Gb d 2 L 5 Gb dL
M 02 L 3 M 02
Total: U U1 U 2
6 EI 5 Gb dL
1
with I bd3
12
2 M 02 L 3 M 02 2 M 02 L 3Ed 2
U U 3
1
Eb d 3 5 Gb dL Eb d 10GL2
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1830
PROBLEM 11.41*
B
R2 R1 Q A vibration isolation support is made by
A
A bonding a rod A, of radius R1, and a tube
B, of inner radius R2, to a hollow rubber
B cylinder. Denoting by G the modulus of
A L rigidity of the rubber, determine the strain
Q energy of the hollow rubber cylinder for
(a) (b) the loading shown.
SOLUTION
Fx 0: (2 rL) Q 0
Q
2 rL
2 Q2
u
2G 8 2 r 2 L2 G
Q2 dV Q2 L R2 2 r dr
U u dV 2 2
8 GL
r 2 8 2 GL2 0 R1 r2
dx
lnr dx
Q2 L R2 dr Q2 L Q2 R
R2
dx U ln 2
4 GL2 0 R1 r 4 GL2 0 R1
4 GL R1
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1831
PROBLEM 11.42
V0
A
B A 5-kg collar D moves along the uniform rod AB and has a speed
v0 6 m/s when it strikes a small plate attached to end A of the
D rod. Using E 200 GPa and knowing that the allowable stress in
the rod is 250 MPa, determine the smallest diameter that can be
1.2 m
used for the rod.
SOLUTION
1 2 1
Um mv0 (5)(6) 2 90 J
2 2
P L ( A max ) 2 L
2
Um m
2 EA 2 EA
2 EU m (2)(200 109 )(90)
A 2 480 106 m 2
max L (250 106 )2 (1.2)
4A (4)(480 106 )
d2 A d 24.7 103 m d 24.7 mm
4
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1832
A B PROBLEM 11.43
v0
E
The 18-lb cylindrical block E has a horizontal velocity v0 when it strikes
squarely the yoke BD that is attached to the 78 -in.-diameter rods AB
and CD. Knowing that the rods are made of a steel for which Y 50 ksi
C D and E 29 106 psi, determine the maximum allowable speed v0 if the
3.5 ft
rods are not to be permanently deformed.
SOLUTION
Y2 AL
Total: U m U AB U CD
E
1 2 1W 2
Um mv0 v0
2 2 g
2 gU m 2 g Y2 AL
Solving for v02 , v02
W EW
2 g Y2 AL
v0
EW
Data: g 32.17 ft/s 2 386 in./s 2 Y 50 103 psi
2
7
A d2 2
0.60132 in , E 29 106 psi
4 48
L 3.5 ft 42 in. W 18 lb
(2)(386)(50 103 )2 (0.60132)(42)
v0 305.6 in./sec
(29 106 )(18)
v0 25.5 ft/sec
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1833
A B PROBLEM 11.44
v0
E
The cylindrical block E has a speed v0 16 ft/s when it strikes squarely the
yoke BD that is attached to the 78 -in.-diameter rods AB and CD. Knowing that
the rods are made of a steel for which Y 50 ksi and E 29 106 psi,
C D determine the weight of block E for which the factor of safety is five with
3.5 ft
respect to permanent deformation of the rods.
SOLUTION
2 gU m 2 g Y2 AL
Solving for W, W
v02 ( F .S .) v02 ( F .S .) E
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1834
PROBLEM 11.45
A
The 35-kg collar D is released from rest in the position shown and is
2m 40-mm diameter stopped by a plate attached at end C of the vertical rod ABC. Knowing that
E 200 GPa for both portions of the rod, determine the distance h for
which the maximum stress in the rod is 250 MPa.
B
30-mm diameter
m
1.5 m D
h
SOLUTION
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1835
PROBLEM 11.46
A
The 15-kg collar D is released from rest in the position shown and is
2m 40-mm diameter stopped by a plate attached at end C of the vertical rod ABC. Knowing that
E 200 GPa for both portions of the rod, determine (a) the maximum
deflection of end C, (b) the equivalent static load, (c) the maximum stress
B
30-mm diameter that occurs in the rod.
m
1.5 m D
h
SOLUTION
E 200 GPa
Pm Li Pm Li Pm 2m 1.5 m
(a) m
Ai E E Ai 200 GPa (0.04 m)2 (0.03 m) 2
4 4
m 18.57 109 Pm
Pm 53.85 106 m
1 1
Strain energy: Um Pm m (53.85 106 ) m
2
2 2
Weight falls distance of h m
Work of weight strain energy
W (h m )
1
2
53.85 106 m
2
(1)
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1836
A C E PROBLEM 11.47
The 48-kg collar G is released from rest in the position shown and is stopped by
plate BDF that is attached to the 20-mm-diameter steel rod CD and to the
15-mm-diameter steel rods AB and EF. Knowing that for the grade of steel used
all 180 MPa and E 200 GPa, determine the largest allowable distance h.
2.5 m
B D F
SOLUTION
AB L CD L EF L
Let m be the maximum elongation. m
E E E
AB CD EF 180 MPa 180 106 Pa
L 2.5 m E 200 109 Pa
(180 106 )(2.5)
m 0.00225 m
200 109
Fm2 L ( EA m /L) 2 L 2
EA m
For each rod, U
2 EA 2 EA 2L
Rod CD: ACD (20)2 314.16 mm 2 314.16 106 m 2
4
Rods AB and EF: AAB AEF (15) 2 176.71 mm 2 176.71 106 m 2
4
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1837
A PROBLEM 11.48
W5 16
SOLUTION
25
T v02 0.3882v02 ft lb
(2)(32.2)
Equating, T Um
0.3882v02 47.706
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1838
A PROBLEM 11.49
v0 Solve Prob. 11.48, assuming that the post AB has rotated 90 about its
C longitudinal axis.
W5 16
SOLUTION
Equivalent force: Pm L M m
Mm 54.0 kip in.
Pm 0.600 kips 600 lb
L 90 in.
From Appendix D,
Pm L3 600)(90)3
ym 0.66945 in.
3EI (3)(29 106 )(7.51)
1 1
Um Pm ym (600)(0.66945) 200.83 in. lb
2 2
16.736 ft lb
1W 2
Kinetic energy: T v0
2 g
25
T v02 0.3882v02 ft lb
(2)(32.2)
Equating, T Um
0.3882v02 16.736
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1839
PROBLEM 11.50
0.9 m
SOLUTION
1 2 1
Kinetic energy: T mv0 (6 kg)(2 m/s) 2 12 J
2 2
Moment of inertia.
Aluminium
E 70 GPa
1
I aa [80 1003 60 803 ]
12
4.1067 106 mm 4
4.1067 106 m 4
Pm L3
From Appendix D: ym
48EI
1 P 2 L3
Um Pm ym m
2 96 EI
Pm2 (1.8 m)3
(a) Um T : 12 J Pm 7535.5 N
96(70 GPa)(4.1067 106 m 4 )
Pm 7.54 kN
1 1
(b) Mm Pm L (7535.5 N)(1.8 m) 3391 N m
4 4
M c (3391 N m)(0.050 m)
m m 41.28 MPa
I 4.1067 106 m 4
m 41.3 MPa
3 3
Pm L (7535.5 N)(1.8 m)
(c) ym 3.184 103 m
48EI 48(70 GPa)(4.1067 106 m 4 )
ym 3.18 mm
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1840
PROBLEM 11.51
Solve Prob. 11.50, assuming that the tube has been replaced
0.9 m
by a solid aluminum bar with the same outside dimensions as
B the tube.
0.9 m
SOLUTION
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1841
PROBLEM 11.52
D
2 kg
40 mm The 2-kg block D is dropped from the position shown onto the end of a 16-mm-
A
B diameter rod. Knowing that E 200 GPa, determine (a) the maximum deflection
0.6 m
of end A, (b) the maximum bending moment in the rod, (c) the maximum normal
stress in the rod.
SOLUTION
4 4
d 16
I 3.2170 103 mm 4
42 4 2
3.2170 109 m 4
d
c 8 mm 8 103 m LAB 0.6 m
2
Appendix D, Case 1:
Pm L3AB
ym M m Pm LAB
3EI
3EI (3)(200 109 )(3.217 109 )
Pm 3 ym 3
8.9361 103 ym
LAB (0.6)
1 1
Um Pm ym (8.9361 103 ) ym2 4.4681 103 ym2
2 2
Work of dropped weight: mg (h ym ) (2)(9.81)(0.040 ym )
0.7848 19.62 ym
Equating work and energy,
0.7848 19.62 ym 4.4681 103 ym2
ym2 4.3911 103 ym 175.645 106 0
(a) ym
1
24.3911 103 (4.3911 103 ) 2 (4)(175.645 106 )
15.629 103 m ym 15.63 mm
|M m | c (83.8)(8 103 )
(c) m 9
208 106 Pa m 208 MPa
I 3.2170 10
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1842
D
m 40 mm
PROBLEM 11.53
h
A B The 10-kg block D is dropped from a height h 450 mm onto the
E aluminum beam AB. Knowing that E 70 GPa, determine (a) the
60 mm
maximum deflection of point E, (b) the maximum stress in the beam.
0.4 m
1.2 m
SOLUTION
1
I (40)(60)3 720 103 mm 4 720 109 m 4
12
1
S (40)(60) 2 24 103 mm3 24 106 m3
6
Pma 2b 2
Appendix D: ym
3EIL
Pm (0.4 m)2 (0.8 m) 2
ym
3(70 GPa)(720 109 )(1.2 m)
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1843
D
4 lb
PROBLEM 11.54
1.5 in. B
A C The 4-lb block D is dropped from the position shown onto the end of a
5
8
-in.-diameter rod. Knowing that E 29 106 psi, determine (a) the
maximum deflection at point A, (b) the maximum bending moment in
the rod, (c) the maximum normal stress in the rod.
2 ft 2 ft
SOLUTION
Use Appendix D.
Pm L3 Pm L3
y2 y1 L B
3EI 3EI
2Pm L3 2 Pm L3
ym y1 y2 ym
3EI 3EI
1 1 3EI 3EI 2
Um Pm ym 3 ym ym
2 2 2L 4 L3
W ( h ym ) U m
3EI 2
W ( h ym ) ym (1)
4 L3
Substitute given data:
3(29 106 psi)(7.49 103 in 4 ) 2
(4 lb)(1.5 in. ym ) ym
4(24 in.)3
(a) 6 4 ym 11.784 ym2
Solve quadratic: ym 0.9032 in. ym 0.903 in.
3EI 3(29 106 psi)(7.49 103 m 4 )
(b) Pm y m (0.9032 in.) 21.29 lb
2L3 2(24 in.)3
M m M E PmL (21.29 lb)(24 in.) 510.96 lb in.
M m 511 lb in.
M mc M 510.96 lb in.
(c) m m m 21.3 ksi
I S 23.97 103 in 3
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
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1844
PROBLEM 11.55
SOLUTION
1
I (16)(2.65)3 24.813 in 4
12
L 9.5 ft 114 in.
a 2.5 ft 30 in.
1
c (2.65) 1.325 in.
2
P L
Over portion AB: M m x
a
a M2 P 2 L2 a 2 P 2 L2 a
U AB
0 2 EI
dx m 2
2 EIa 0
x dx m
6 EI
Over portion BC: M Pm v
L M2 P2 L Pm2 L3
U BC
0 2 EIdv m
2 EI 0
v 2 dv
6 EI
Pm2 L2 (a L)
Total: U U AB U BC
6 EI
1 2U m Pm L2 (a L)
Pm ym U m ym
2 Pm 3EI
(a) ym
1
24.4694 4.46942 (4)(89.388) ym 11.95 in.
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1845
PROBLEM 11.56
SOLUTION
1 1
Strain energy: U Pym kym2
2 2
where k is the spring constant for a load applied at point D.
Equating work and energy,
1 2
W ( h ym ) kym
2
2W 2W
ym2 ym h0
k k
W
ym2 2 yst ym 2 yst h 0 where yst
k
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1846
PROBLEM 11.56 (Continued)
WL3
Using Appendix D, Case 1, yst
3EI
(19.62)(0.6)3
yst 2.196 103 m
(3)(200 109 )(3.217 109 )
2h (2)(40 103 )
36.44
yst 2.196 103
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1847
PROBLEM 11.57
W
A block of weight W is dropped from a height h onto the horizontal
h beam AB and hits point D. (a) Denoting by ym the exact value of
D the maximum deflection at D and by ym the value obtained by
A B neglecting the effect of this deflection on the change in potential
ym
energy of the block, show that the absolute value of the relative
D' error is ( ym ym )/ym , never exceeding ym /2h. (b) Check the result
obtained in part a by solving part a of Prob. 11.52 without taking ym
into account when determining the change in potential energy of the
D load, and comparing the answer obtained in this way with the exact
2 kg answer to that problem.
40 mm
A
B PROBLEM 11.52 The 2-kg block D is dropped from the position
0.6 m shown onto the end of a 16-mm-diameter rod. Knowing that
E 200 GPa, determine (a) the maximum deflection of end A,
(b) the maximum bending moment in the rod, (c) the maximum
normal stress in the rod.
SOLUTION
1 1
U Pm ym kym2
2 2
where k is the spring constant for a load at point D.
Work of falling weight: exact: Work W (h ym )
approximate : Work Wh
1 2
Equating work and energy, kym W (h ym ) (1) exact
2
1 2
kym Wh (2) approximate
2
where ym is the approximate value for ym .
Subtracting,
1
2
k ym2 ym2 Wym
2W
ym2 ym2 ( ym ym )( ym ym ) ym
k
ym ym 2W
Relative error:
ym k ( ym y m )
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1848
PROBLEM 11.57 (Continued)
2W ym2
But from Eq. (2).
k h
ym ym ym2 y
(a) Relative error m
ym
h ( ym ym ) 2 h
15.63 13.25
Relative error: relative error 0.152
15.63
ym
0.166
2h
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1849
P PROBLEM 11.58
D
A B Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point D
caused by the load P.
a b
L
SOLUTION
Pb Pa
Reactions: RA , RB
L L
Pbx
Over AD: M RA x
L
M2a P 2b2 a
U AD
0 2 EI
dx
2 EIL2 0
x 2dx
P 2b 2 a3
6 EIL2
Pav
Over DB: M RB v
L
M2
b P2a2 b
U DB
0 2 EI
dv
2 EIL2 0
v 2dv
P 2 a 2 b3
6 EIL2
P 2 a 2b 2 (a b) P 2a 2 b 2
Total: U U AB U BC
6 EIL2 6 EIL
1 2U Pa 2 b 2
P D U D D
2 P 3EI
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1850
P PROBLEM 11.59
A D Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point D
B caused by the load P.
L a
SOLUTION
See solution of Prob. 11.28 for beam of length L with overhang of length a, load at end of overhang.
P 2a 2
U (a L )
6 EI
1 1 P 2a 2 Pa 2
PyD U : PyD (a L) yD (a L)
2 2 6 EI 3EI
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1851
M0 PROBLEM 11.60
A B
D Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point D
caused by the couple M 0 .
a b
L
SOLUTION
M0 M0
Reactions: RA RB
L L
M0x
Over portion AD: M
L
M2
a M 02 a
U AD
0 2 EI
dx
2 EIL2 0
x 2 dx
M 0 a3
6 EIL2
M 0v
Over portion DB: M
L
M2b M 02 b
U DB
0 2 EI
dv
2 EIL2 0
v 2 dv
M 02b
6 EIL2
M 02 (a3 b3 )
Total: U U AD U DB
6 EIL2
1 2U M 0 ( a 3 b3 )
M 0 D U D D
2 M0 3EIL2
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1852
B M0 PROBLEM 11.61
A D
Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point D
caused by the couple M 0 .
L a
SOLUTION
M0 M0
Reactions: RA RB
L L
M x
Over portion AB: M 0
L
L M2 M 02 L 2
U AB 0 dx x dx
2 EI 2 EIL2 0
M 02 L
6EI
Over portion BD: M M 0
M 02a
U BD
2 EI
Total: U U AB U BD
M 02 ( L 3a)
6 EI
1
M 00 U
2
2U M 0 ( L 3a)
D D
M0 3EI
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1853
P PROBLEM 11.62
2EI EI
C Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point C
B caused by the load P.
A
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
Bending moment: M Pv
Over AB:
M2
L P2 L 2
U AB
L/ 2 4 EI
dv
4 EI L/ 2
v dv
P 2 3 L 7 P 2 L3
3
L
12 EI 2 96 EI
L/ 2 M2 P2 L/ 2
Over BC: U BC 0 2 EI
dv
2 EI 0
v 2 dv
1 P 2 L3
48 EI
3 P 2 L3
Total: U U AB U BC
32 EI
1 2U 3PL3
P C 0 C C
2 P 16 EI
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1854
P PROBLEM 11.63
EI C EI
A B Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point C
caused by the load P.
2EI
a a a a
SOLUTION
P 2 a3 P2 3 3 3 P 2 a3
(2 a ) a
24 EI 48 EI 16 EI
3 P 2 a3
By symmetry, U CB U AB
16 EI
3 P 2 a3
Total: U U AB U BC
8 EI
1 2U 3Pa3
P C U C C
2 P 4 EI
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1855
M0 PROBLEM 11.64
B
A EI Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point B
2EI C
caused by the couple M0.
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
M0
M B 0: RA L M 0 0 RA
L
M0
M RA X X
L
L/2 M2
Over portion AC: U AC
0 2(2 EI )
dx
M 02 L/2 1 M 02
U AC
4 EIL2 0
x 2 dx
96 EI
2
L M
Over portion CB: U CB
L / 2 2 EI
dx
M 02 L
U CB
2 EIL 2 L/2
x 2 dx
M 02 3 L
3
L
6 EIL2 2
7 M 02 L
48 EI
5 M 02 L
Total: U U AC U CB
32 EI
1 2U 5M 0 L
M 0 B U B B
2 M0 16 EI
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1856
M0 PROBLEM 11.65
B
A EI Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point D caused
2EI D
by the couple M 0 .
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
M0 M0
Reactions: RA , RB
L L
Bending moment diagram.
L M 0x
Over 0 x , M
2 L
L M v
Over 0 v , M 0
2 L
2 2
L/2 M AD L/2 M BD
Strain energy: U U AD U BD
0 2(2 EI )
dx 0 2 EI
dv
M0 2 M0 2
L/2 x L/2 v M 0 1 ( L / 2)3 M 0 1 ( L / 2)3
L L
U dx dv
0 2(2 EI ) 0 2 EI EIL 4 3 EIL 2 3
M 02 L 1 1 3 1 M 02 L M 02 L
EI 96 48 96 EI 32 EI
1 1 1 M 02 L 1 M 0L
M 0 D U : M 0 D D
2 2 32 EI 16 EI
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1857
PROBLEM 11.66
450 N
L
500 mm The 20-mm-diameter steel rod BC is attached to the lever AB and to the
C fixed support C. The uniform steel lever is 10 mm thick and 30 mm
A deep. Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection of
point A when L 600 mm. Use E 200 GPa and G 77.2 GPa.
B
SOLUTION
1 2U (2)(13.4617)
P A U A 59.8 103 m
2 P 450
A 59.8 mm
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1858
PROBLEM 11.67
B
Torques of the same magnitude T are applied to the steel shafts AB
and CD. Using the method of work and energy, determine the length L
of the hollow portion of shaft CD for which the angle of twist C is
T equal to 1.25 times the angle of twist at A.
60 in.
A D
2 in.
E
T
L
C
1.5 in.
SOLUTION
Shaft AB: LAB 60 in. c 2 in. J AB c4 (2) 4 25.133 in 4
2 2
T 2 LAB T 2 (60) T2
U AB 2.3873
2GJ AB (2G)(25.133) 2G
T 2 LCE T 2L T 2L
U CE 0.058205
2GJ CE (2G )(17.1806) 2G
T 2 LED T 2 (60 L) T2 T 2L
U ED 2.3873 0.039789
2GJ ED 2G (25.138) 2G 2G
T2 T 2L
Shaft CD: U CE U ED 2.3873 0.018416
2G 2GJ
T2 T 2L T2
Using Eq. (1), 2.3873 0.018416 (1.25)(2.3873)
2G 2G 2G
0.018416 L (0.25)(2.3873) L 32.4 in.
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1859
PROBLEM 11.68
5 in.
SOLUTION
Work-energy equation:
1
TA A U
2
2U
A
TA
TB TAB 750
Gear B: FBE 250 lb
rB rB 3
Gear E: TE rE FBE (4)(250) 1000 lb in.
Portion DE of shaft DEF: U DE 0
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1860
PROBLEM 11.68 (Continued)
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1861
PROBLEM 11.69
200 mm TB
70 mm
The 20-mm-diameter steel rod CD is welded to the 20-mm-
B
diameter steel shaft AB as shown. End C of rod CD is touching the
D rigid surface shown when a couple TB is applied to a disk attached
A
to shaft AB. Knowing that the bearings are self aligning and exert
no couples on the shaft, determine the angle of rotation of the disk
when TB 400 N m. Use E 200 GPa and G 77.2 GPa.
(Consider the strain energy due to both bending and twisting in
C
shaft AB and to bending in arm CD.)
300 mm
SOLUTION
TB
M AB 0: rCD FC TB FC
rCD
400
FC 1333.3 N,
300 103
FD 1333.3 N
Bending of rod CD:
4
d
I
42
4
20
4 2
7.854 103 mm 4
7.854 109 m 4
M FC x
LCD ( FC x)2 F 2 L3
U 0 C CD
2 EI 6 EI
(1333.3) 2 (300 103 )3
5.093 J
(6)(200 109 )(7.854 109 )
Bending of shaft ADB:
FDb
M B 0: FA LAB FDb 0 FA
L AB
FD a
M A 0: FA LAB FDb 0 FA
LAB
a FDb FD2a 2b 2
2 2
1 b FD a
U 0 dx 0 dx
2 EI L LAB 6 EILAB
AB
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1862
PROBLEM 11.69 (Continued)
4
d 3 4 9 4
I 7.854 10 mm 7.854 10 m
42
LAB (270 103 ) m
(1333.3)2 (70 103 )2 (200 103 )2
U 0.137 J
(6)(200 109 )(7.854 109 )(270 109 )
Torsion: Only portion DB carries torque. J 2 J 15.708 109 m 4
TB2 LDB (400)2 (200 103 )
U 13.194 J
2GJ (2)(77.2 109 )(15.708 109 )
Total: U 5.093 0.137 13.194 18.424 J
1
TB B U
2
2U (2)(18.424)
B
TB 400
92.1 103 rad B 5.28
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1863
PROBLEM 11.70
T'
The thin-walled hollow cylindrical member AB has a noncircular
cross section of nonuniform thickness. Using the expression given in
ds t
Eq. (3.50) of Sec. 3.10 and the expression for the strain-energy
A density given in Eq. (11.17), show that the angle of twist of member
AB is
B
x
TL ds
L
4A 2 G t
T where ds is the length of a small element of the wall cross section and
A is the area enclosed by the center line of the wall cross section.
SOLUTION
T
From Eq. (3.53),
2t A
Strain energy density:
2 T2
u
2G 8Gt 2 2
L
U 0
ut ds dx
L T2 ds T 2L ds
0 8G2 t
dx
8G 2 t
1 T 2L ds TL ds
Work of torque: T
2 8G 2 t 4G 2 t
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1864
P A B PROBLEM 11.71
3
l
Each member of the truss shown has a uniform cross-sectional area A. Using the
4
method of work and energy, determine the horizontal deflection of the point of
C D application of the load P.
SOLUTION
Member F L F2 L
AB 0 l 0
3
BD 0 l 0
4
5 5 125 2
AD P l Pl
4 4 64
CD P l P2 l
3 3 27 2
AC P l Pl
4 4 64
27 2
Pl
8
4 5
Joint D: Fx 0: P FCD 0
5 4
FCD P
2
F L 1
U F 2 L
2 EA 2 EA
27 P 2l 1
Work of P P U
16 EA 2
2U 27 Pl Pl
3.38
P 8 EA EA
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1865
A B P PROBLEM 11.72
3
l
Each member of the truss shown has a uniform cross-sectional area A. Using the
4
method of work and energy, determine the horizontal deflection of the point of
C D application of the load P.
SOLUTION
Member F L F2 L
AB 0 l 0
3
AC 0 l 0
4
CD 0 l 0
5 5 125 2
BC P l Pl
4 4 64
3 3 27 2
BD P l Pl
4 4 64
19 2
Pl
8
Pl
2.38
EA
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1866
20 kips PROBLEM 11.73
B Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a uniform
2.5 ft cross-sectional area of 5 in2. Using E 29 106 psi, determine the
D vertical deflection of joint B caused by the application of the 20-kip
A
C
load.
6 ft 6 ft
SOLUTION
RA RB 10 kips
LAC LCD 6 ft 72 in.
LBC 2.5 ft 30 in.
F 2L 1
Strain energy: U F 2L
2 EA 2 EA
Member F (kips) L (in.) F 2 L (kip 2 in.)
AB 26 78 52,728
AC 24 72 41,472
BC 0 30 0
CD 24 72 41,472
BD 26 78 52,728
188,400
188,400
U 0.64966 kip in.
(2)(29 103 )(5)
Vertical deflection of point B.
1
P B U
2
2U (2)(0.64966)
B B 0.0650 in.
P 20
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1867
B D 60 kN PROBLEM 11.74
0.5 m Each member of the truss shown is made of steel. The cross-sectional
A
C
area of member BC is 800 mm 2 and for all other members the cross-
sectional area is 400 mm2. Using E 200 GPa, determine the
1.2 m 1.2 m
deflection of point D caused by the 60-kN load.
SOLUTION
0.5
Joint D: Fy 0: 12.5 FCD 0 FCD 32.5 kN
1.3
1.2
Fx 0: 60 FBD FCD 0 FBD 30 kN
1.3
1.2
Joint B: Fx 0: 30 FAB 0 FAB 32.5 kN
1.3
0.5
Fy 0: FAB FBC 0 FBC 12.5 kN
1.3
1.2
Joint C: Fx 0: FAC (32.5) 0 FAC 30 kN
1.3
F 2L 1 F 2L
U
2 EA 2 E A
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1868
6 ft 6 ft PROBLEM 11.75
A B C
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel
and has a cross-sectional area of 5 in2. Using
2.5 ft 15 kips
E 29 106 psi, determine the vertical deflection of
point C caused by the 15-kip load.
E D
SOLUTION
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1869
480 mm 480 mm PROBLEM 11.76
A
The steel rod BC has a 24-mm diameter and the steel cable ABDCA has a
360 mm 12-mm diameter. Using E 200 GPa, determine the deflection of joint D
C caused by the 12-kN load.
B
360 mm
12 kN
SOLUTION
Joint D: Fy 0: Joint B: Fx 0:
3 4
2 FBD P 0 FBC (2) FBD 0
5 5
5 8 4
FBD P FBC FBD P
6 5 3
2 2
5 PLBD 4 PLBC P 25 LBD 16 LBC
D 4
6 EABD 3 EABC E 9 ABD 9 ABC
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1870
P PROBLEM 11.77
M0
B
A Using the information in Appendix D, compute the work of the loads as
they are applied to the beam (a) if the load P is applied first, (b) if the
L couple M is applied first.
SOLUTION
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1871
P PROBLEM 11.78
M0
B
C Using the information in Appendix D, compute the work of the loads as
A they are applied to the beam (a) if the load P is applied first, (b) if the
L/2 L/2 couple M is applied first.
SOLUTION
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1872
P P
PROBLEM 11.79
A B For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads as they
C are applied successively to the beam, using the information provided in
Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam by the method of
L/2 L/2
Sec. 11.2A and show that it is equal to the work obtained in part a.
SOLUTION
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
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1873
PROBLEM 11.79 (Continued)
L L
(b) Over AB: M Pv P v P 2v
2 2
L M2 P2 2 2 1
U AB L/2 2 EI
dv
2 EI
L/2
4v 2 Lv L2 dv
4
P2 4 L
3
1 2 L 1 2
2
L
3
L 2L L L L
2 EI 3 2 2 2 4 2
P2 2 3
7 3 3 3 1 3 13 P L
L L L
2 EI 6 4 8 48 EI
3
L/2 M2 P2 L/2 P2 1 L
2
Over BC: M Pv U BC dv v dv
0 2 EI 2 EI 0 2 EI 3 2
P 2 L3
48EI
2 3
13 1 P L 7 P 2 L3
Total: U U AB U BC U
48 48 EI 24 EI
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1874
PROBLEM 11.80
M0 M0
C For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads as
they are applied successively to the beam, using the information
A B
provided in Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam by
L/2 L/2 the method of Sec.11.2A and show that it is equal to the work obtained
in part a.
SOLUTION
(a) Label the applied couples M A and M B . Apply M A at point A
first. Note that M B 0 during this phase.
From Appendix D,
M AL
AA
EI
1 M 2 AL
U1 M B AA
2 2 EI
Now apply M B at point B. Note that M A remains constant
during this second phase.
From Appendix D,
M B ( L/2) M L
BB B
EI 2 EI
Since the curvature of portion AB does not change as M B is
applied,
M BL
AB BB
2 EI
1
U2 M B BB M A AB
2
M B2 L M AM B
4EI 2 EI
Total strain energy:
M A2 L M B 2 L M AM B L
U U1 U 2
2 EI 4 EI 2 EI
Set M A M B M 0.
5M 0 2 L
U
4EI
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1875
PROBLEM 11.80 (Continued)
5M 0 2 L
U
4EI
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1876
P P PROBLEM 11.81
D E
A B For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads as they
are applied successively to the beam, using the information provided in
L L L
Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam by the method of
4 2 4 Sec. 11.2A and show that it is equal to the work obtained in part a.
SOLUTION
P a 2 b 2 PE 4 4
2 2
3L L
3 PE L3
EE E
3EIL 3EIL 256 EI
Pb PE L4 2 L 2 L L 3 7 PE L3
DE E [( L2 b 2 ) x x3 ] L
6 EIL 6 EIL 4 4 4 768 EI
3 PD L3 7 PD L3
Likewise, DD and ED
256 EI 768 EI
U A1 A2 A3
1 1
U PD DD PD DE PE EE
2 2
2 3
3 PD L 7 PD PE L3 3 PE2 L3
512 EI 768 EI 512 EI
with PD PE P
1 P 2 L3 P 2 L3
U U
48 EI 48 EI
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1877
PROBLEM 11.81 (Continued)
(b) Reactions: RA RB P
L
Over portion AD: 0 x 4 : M Px
3
L/4 M2 P2 L/4 P2 1 L 1 P 2 L3
2
U AD dx x dx
0 2 EI 2 EI 0 2 EI 3 4 384 EI
M 2 L2
2
PL P 2 L2 1 L P 2 L3
Over portion DE: M U DE
4 2 EI 2 EI 16 2 64 EI
1 P 2 L3
Over portion EB: By symmetry, U EB U AD
384 EI
1 1 1 P 2 L3 1 P 2 L3
Total: U U AB U DE U EB U
384 64 384 EI 48 EI
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1878
PROBLEM 11.82
M0 M0
For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads
A B as they are applied successively to the beam, using the information
provided in Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam
L by the method of Sec. 11.2A and show that it is equal to the work
obtained in part a.
SOLUTION
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1879
w PROBLEM 11.83
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
U 1 L M
D
Q EI 0
M
Q
dx
L 1 M
Over portion AD: 0 x 2 M wx 2 0
2 Q
L 1 L M L
Over portion DB: 2 x L M wx 2 Q x x
2 2 Q 2
1 L/2 1 2 1 L 1 2 L
Set Q 0. D
EI 0
2 wx (0) dx EI
2 wx x 2 dx
L/2
w L 3 L 2
2 EI x 2 x dx
L/2
w 1 4 1 L 4 L 1 3 L 1 L 3
L L
2 EI 4 4 2 2 3 2 3 2
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1880
P PROBLEM 11.84
SOLUTION
U L M M 1 L M
D
Q
0 EI Q
dx
EI 0
M
Q
dx
L M
Over portion AD: 0 < x < 2 M Px, 0
Q
L L M L
Over portion DB: 2 x L M Px Q x ,
2 Q
x
2
1 L/2 1 L L
Set Q 0. D
EI 0
( Px)(0)dx
EI L/2
( Px) x dx
2
P L 2 L
EI x 2 x dx
L/2
P 1 3 1 L 3 L 1 2 L 1 L 2
L L
EI 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 PL
3
5 PL3
D
3 24 4 16 EI 48EI
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1881
w PROBLEM 11.85
D
A B For the prismatic beam shown, determine the deflection of point D.
E
SOLUTION
1 L2 L 1
2
1
wLv w v v dv
EI 0 2 2 2
w L2 2 1 3 2 1 2
Lv 2 v Lv 4 L v dv
2EI 0
w 11 L 1 2 1 L
3 4 3 2
1 L 1 L
L L L
2EI 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 wL4 1 wL4
2 24 128 48 64 EI 768 EI
1 M U EB
Over portion EB, M wu 2 0 0
2 Q Q
U AD U DE U EB 1 wL4 1 wL4
D 0 0
Q Q Q 768 EI 768 EI
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1882
w PROBLEM 11.86
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
L M2
U 0 2 EI
dx
U L M M 1 L M
D
M0
0 EI M 0
dx
EI 0
M
M0
dx
L 1 M
Over portion AD: 0 x 2 M wx 2 0
2 M0
L 1 M
Over portion DB: 2 x L M wx 2 M 0 1
2 M0
1 L 1 2 1 L 1 2
Set M 0 0. D
EI wx (0)dx EI
L/2 2 2 wx (1)dx
L/2
w L w 1 3 1 L 3
2 EI L/2
x 2 dx
2 EI
L
3 3 2
1 1 wL3 7 wL3
1 D
6 8 EI 48EI
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1883
P PROBLEM 11.87
SOLUTION
L M2
U 0 2 EI
dx
U L M M 1 L M
D
M0
0 EI M 0
dx
EI 0
M
M0
dx
L M
Over portion AD: 0 x 2 M Px
M0
0
L M
Over portion DB: 2 x L M Px M 0
M0
1
1 L 1 L
Set M 0 0. D
EI L/2
( Px)(0)dx
EI L/2
( Px)(1)dx
P L P 1 1L
2
EI L/2
x dx
EI
L2
2 2 2
1 1 PL
2
3PL2
D
2 8 EI 8 EI
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
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1884
w PROBLEM 11.88
D
A B For the prismatic beam shown, determine the slope at point D.
E
SOLUTION
1 L2 L 1
2
U DE 1 L2 M 1
M dv wLv w v v dv
M 0 EI 0 M 0 EI 0 2 2 L
w L2 1 1
0
Lv 2 v3 Lv 2 L2v dv
EIL 2 4
w 11 L 1 1 L
3 4 3 2
L L L2
1 L 1 L
EIL 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2
1 1 1 1 wL3 1 wL3
24 128 48 64 EI 384 EI
1 M U EB
Over portion EB, M wu 2 0 0
2 M 0 M 0
U AD U DE U EB 1 wL3 1 wL3
D 0 0
M 0 M 0 M 0 384 EI 384 EI
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1885
P PROBLEM 11.89
A B
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the slope at point A.
D
a b
L
SOLUTION
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1886
M0 PROBLEM 11.90
C
A B
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the slope at point B.
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
M 0L M 0L
B B
6 EI 6 EI
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
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1887
1.5 kips 1.5 kips PROBLEM 11.91
A
For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection of
B C point B. Use E 29 106 psi.
S8 3 13
5 ft 5 ft
SOLUTION
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1888
1.5 kips 1.5 kips PROBLEM 11.92
A
For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection of
B C point A. Use E 29 106 psi.
S8 3 13
5 ft 5 ft
SOLUTION
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1889
8 kN 18 kN/m PROBLEM 11.93
A For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at
B C
W250 22.3 point B. Use E 200 GPa.
1m 1.5 m
2.5 m
SOLUTION
1 M2 1.5 M2
U 0 2EI
dx 0 2 EI
dv
U 1 1 M 1.5 M
B
Q EI 0
M
Q
dx 0
M dv
Q
1 1.5 1 1 1.5 3
0
EI 0 8(v 1) (18)v 2 (v)dv
2 EI 0
(9v 8v 2 8v)dv
1 9 8 8 2 29.391 29.391
4 3
(1.5) (1.5) (1.5) 5.12 103 m
EI 4 3 2 EI 5740
B 5.12 mm
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1890
5 kN/m 40 mm PROBLEM 11.94
0.6 m 0.9 m
SOLUTION
M2 a L M2
U
0 2 EI
dx a 2 EI
dx
U
B
P
a M M L M M
0 EI P
dx a EI P
dx
Portion AB: (0 x a )
1 M
M wx 2 0
2 P
a M M
0 EI P
dx 0
Portion BC: (a x L)
1
M wx 2 P( x a)
2
M
( x a)
P
L M M w L P L
a EI P
dx
2 EI a
x 2 ( x a )dx
EI a
( x a )2 dx
w L P b
2 EI a
( x3 ax 2 )dx
EI 0
v 2 dv
w L4 aL3 a 4 a 4 Pb3
2 EI 4 3 4 3 3EI
w L4 aL3 a 4 Pb3
B 0
2 EI 4 3 12 3EI
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1891
PROBLEM 11.94 (Continued)
B 7.25 mm
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1892
160 kN PROBLEM 11.95
W310 74
C
A B For the beam and loading shown, determine the slope at end A. Use
E 200 GPa.
2.4 m 2.4 m
4.8 m
SOLUTION
2.4 M2 2.4 M
2
U UAB UBC
U UAB UBC 0 dx 0 dv A
2EI 2EI M A M A M A
MA M x
Over AB: M M A RA x M A 80 x x 1
4.8 M A 4.8
U AB 1 2.4 x 1 2.4
Set M A 0.
M A EI 0
(80 x) 1
4.8
dx
EI 0
(80 x 16.6667 x 2 )dx
1 1 2 1 3 153.6
(80) (2.4) (16.6667) (2.4)
EI 2 3 EI
MA M 1
Over BC: M RBv 80v v, v
4.8 M A 4.8
(16.6667)(2.4)3 76.8
3EI EI
1 230.4
A {153.6 76.8} A 7. 07 103 rad
EI 32,600
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1893
90 kN 90 kN PROBLEM 11.96
D E
A B For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at
S250 37.8 point D. Use E 200 GPa.
2m
0.6 m 0.6 m
SOLUTION
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1894
PROBLEM 11.96 (Continued)
2.6
M
Q
dx
0
M
Q
dv
0
(90v)(0.1875v)dv
0.6
v3
16.875 1.215 kN m3
3 0
Deflection at point D: (calculated)
5.265 32.4 1.215 38.88
D 3.797 103 m
EI 10,240
D 3.80 mm
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1895
3 ft
8 kips PROBLEM 11.97
A
C D
B For the beam and loading shown, determine the slope at end A. Use
S8 18.4
E 29 106 psi.
6 ft 3 ft
SOLUTION
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1896
3 ft
8 kips PROBLEM 11.98
A
C D
B For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at point C.
S8 18.4
Use E 29 106 psi.
6 ft 3 ft
SOLUTION
1 1
Over CD: (0 v 3) M RB v 8(v 3) 12v Q 8v 24 4v 24 Qv
2 2
M 1
v Set Q 0.
Q 2
UCD 1 3 1 1 3 1 (3) 2 (3)3
Q
EI 0
(24 4v) v dv
2 EI 0
(12v 2v 2 )dv
EI
(12)
2
(2)
3
36
EI
M U DB
Over DB: (0 u 3) M 8u 0 0
Q Q
18 36 54
C 0 4.663 103 ft C 0.0560 in.
EI EI 11,580
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1897
B PROBLEM 11.99
P
1
A
2 l For the truss and loading shown, determine the horizontal and vertical deflection of
C
joint C.
1
2 l D A
SOLUTION
Fi 2 Li
Strain energy: U
2 EAi
U 1 F L F
Deflections. Horizontal: xC i i i
Q E Ai Q
U 1 F L F
Vertical: yC i i i
P E Ai P
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1898
PROBLEM 11.99 (Continued)
Fi Li Fi Fi Li Fi
Fi Li Ai Fi / P Fi / Q
A P A Q
5 5 5 5 5 5 P 5 P
BC P Q A 5 5
2 4 2 2 4 8 A 16 A
5 5 5 5 5 5 P 5 P
CD P Q A 5 5
2 4 2 2 4 8 A 16 A
5 P
5 0
4 A
1 Fi Li Fi
xC 0 xC 0
E A Q
1 Fi Li Fi 5 P P
yC 5 yC 2.80
E Ai P 4 EA EA
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1899
B 2A D PROBLEM 11.100
A A 1
2 l For the truss and loading shown, determine the horizontal and vertical
C
deflection of joint C.
l l
P
SOLUTION
Equilibrium of joint C.
2 2
Fx 0: FBC FCD Q 0
5 5
1 1
Fy 0: FBC FCD P 0
5 5
Solving simultaneously,
5 5 5 5
FBC P Q FCD P Q
2 4 2 4
Equilibrium of joint D.
2 5 5
Fx 0: FBD P Q 0
5 2 4
Q
FBD P
2
Fi 2 Li
Strain energy: U
2 EAi
U 1 Fi Li Fi
Deflections. Horizontal: xC
Q E Ai Q
U 1 Fi Li Fi
Vertical: yC
P E Ai P
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1900
PROBLEM 11.100 (Continued)
Fi Li Fi Fi Li Fi
Fi Li Ai Fi /P Fi /Q
Ai P Ai Q
5 5 5 5 5 5 Pl 5 Pl
BC P Q l A 5 5
2 4 2 2 4 8 A 16 A
5 5 5 5 5 5 Pl 5 Pl
CD P Q l A 5 5
2 4 2 2 4 8 A 16 A
1 1 Pl 1 Pl
BD P Q 2l 2A 1
2 2 A 2 A
5 Pl 1 Pl
4 5 1
A
2 A
1 Fi Li Fi Pl Pl
xC xC
E Ai Q 2 EA 2 EA
1 Fi Li Fi 5 Pl Pl
yC 5 1 yC 3.80
E Ai P 4 EA EA
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1901
B PROBLEM 11.101
4 in2
2.5 ft Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the
3 in2
C 48 kips
cross-sectional area shown. Using E 29 106 psi, determine
the deflection indicated.
2.5 ft Vertical deflection of joint C.
6 in2 80 kips
D
6 ft
SOLUTION
12 12
Joint C: Fx 0: FBC FCD Q 0
13 13
13
FBC FCD Q (1)
12
5 5
Fy 0: FBC FCD P 0
13 13
13
FBC FCD P (2)
5
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously,
13 13
FBC P Q
10 24
13 13
FCD P Q
10 24
5
Joint D: Fy 0: FCD FBD 0
13
5 1 5
FBD FCD P Q
13 2 24
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1902
PROBLEM 11.101 (Continued)
F FL F
Member F L (in.) A (in 2 )
P A P
13 13 13
BC P Q 78 4 32.955P 13.73125Q
10 24 10
13 13 13
CD P Q 78 6 21.97 P 9.15417Q
10 24 10
1 5 1
BD P Q 60 3 5.00 P 2.08333Q
2 24 2
59.975P 2.49375Q
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1903
B PROBLEM 11.102
4 in2
2.5 ft Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the
3 in2
C 48 kips
cross-sectional area shown. Using E 29 106 psi, determine
the deflection indicated.
2.5 ft Horizontal deflection of joint C.
6 in2 80 kips
D
6 ft
SOLUTION
Joint C:
12 12
Fx 0: FBC FCD Q 0
13 13
13
FBC FCD Q (1)
12
5 5
Fy 0: FBC FCD P 0
13 13
13
FBC FCD P (2)
5
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously,
13 13
FBC P Q
10 24
13 13
FCD P Q
10 24
Joint D:
5
Fy 0: FCD FB 0
13
5 1 5
FBD FCD P Q
13 2 24
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1904
PROBLEM 11.102 (Continued)
F FL F
Member F L (in.) A (in 2 )
Q A Q
13 13 13
BC P Q 78 4 13.73125P 5.72135Q
10 24 24
13 13
P Q 13
CD 10 24 78 6 9.15467 P 3.81424Q
24
1 5 5
BD P Q 60 3 2.08333P 0.86806Q
2 24 24
2.49325P 10.40365Q
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1905
1.6 m PROBLEM 11.103
A
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a cross-sectional
1.2 m area of 500 mm 2 . Using E 200 GPa, determine the vertical deflection of
joint B.
B
1.2 m
C
D
4.8 kN
2.5 m
SOLUTION
U F 2L 1 F
B F L
Q Q 2 EA EA Q
4
Joint C: Fy 0: FCB 4.8 0 FCB 6.0 kN
5
3
Fx 0: FCB FCD 0 FCD 3.6 kN
5
4 4
Joint B: Fx 0: FAB FBD 3.6 0
5 5
3 3
Fy 0: FAB FBD 4.8 Q 0
5 5
Solving simultaneously, FAB 6.25 0.8333Q kN
FBD 1.75 0.8333Q kN
3
Joint D: Fy 0: FBD FAD 0
5
3
FAD FBD 1.05 0.5 Q
5
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1906
PROBLEM 11.103 (Continued)
with Q 0
Member F (103 N) F/ Q L (m) F ( F/ Q) L (103 N m)
AB 6.25 0.8333Q 0.8333 2.0 10.4167
AD 1.05 0.5Q 0.5 2.4 1.26
BD 1.75 0.8333Q 0.8333 2.0 2.9167
BC 6.0 0 1.5 0
CD 3.6 0 2.5 0
14.593
1
B F ( F / Q) L
EA
14.593 103
(200 109 )(500 106 )
145.9 106 m
B 0.1459 mm
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1907
1.6 m PROBLEM 11.104
A
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a cross-sectional
1.2 m area of 500 mm 2 . Using E 200 GPa, determine the horizontal deflection
of joint B.
B
1.2 m
C
D
4.8 kN
2.5 m
SOLUTION
U F 2L 1 F
B F L
Q Q 2 EA EA Q
4
Joint C: Fy 0: FCB 4.8 0 FCB 6.0 kN
5
3
Joint B: Fx 0: FCB FCD 0 FCD 3.6 kN
5
4 4
Fx 0: FAB FBD 3.6 Q 0
5 5
3 3
Fy 0: FAB FBD 4.8 0
5 5
Solving simultaneously, FAB 6.25 0.625Q kN
FBD 1.75 0.625Q kN
3
Joint D: Fy 0: FBD FAD 0
5
3
FAD FBD 1.05 0.375Q
5
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1908
PROBLEM 11.104 (Continued)
F ( F/ Q) L
Member F (103 N) F/ Q L (m) (103 N m)
AB 6.25 0.625Q 0.625 2.0 7.8125
AD 1.05 0.375Q 0.375 2.4 0.9450
BD 1.75 0.625Q 0.625 2.0 2.1875
BC 6.0 0 1.5 0
CD 3.6 0 2.5 0
4.680
1
B F ( F / Q) L
EA
4.680 103
(200 109 )(500 106 )
46.8 106 m
B 0.0468 mm
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1909
P PROBLEM 11.105
60
B
C
L
SOLUTION
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1910
PROBLEM 11.106
A
For the uniform rod and loading shown, and using Castiglianos theorem, determine the
deflection of point B.
SOLUTION
M J 0: Px M 0
M Px PR sin
L M2
Strain energy: U 0 2EI
ds
( PR sin ) 2
U 0 2 EI
( Rd )
P 2 R3
2EI 0
sin 2 d
P 2 R3 1 cos 2
2EI 0 2
d
1
P2 R2 1
sin 2
2EI
2 0 4 0
P R 2
4EI
U PR3
By Castiglianos theorem,
P 2EI
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1911
P PROBLEM 11.107
For the beam and loading shown, and using Castiglianos theorem, determine
B (a) the horizontal deflection of point B, (b) the vertical deflection of point B.
R
A
SOLUTION
Bending moment.
M J 0: M Pa Qb 0
M Pa Qb
PR sin QR (1 cos )
M M
R sin R (1 cos )
P Q
Set Q 0.
U 1 /2 M 1 /2
(a) Q
Q EI 0
M
Q
Rd
EI 0
PR sin R (1 cos ) Rd
/2
PR3 /2 PR3 1
EI 0
(sin sin cos )d
EI
( cos sin 2 )
2 0
PR3 1 1
cos cos 0 sin 2 sin 2 0
EI 2 2 2 2
PR3 1 PR3
0 1 0 Q
EI 2 2EI
U 1 /2 M 1 /2
(b) P
P EI 0
M
P
Rd
EI 0
PR sin R sin Rd
PR3 /2 PR3 /2 1
EI 0
sin 2 d
EI 0 2
(1 cos 2 )d
/2
PR3 1 1 PR3 1 1 1 1
sin 2 0 sin sin 0
EI 2 2 0 EI 2 2 2 2 2
PR3 PR3
0 0 0 P
EI 4 4 EI
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1912
l PROBLEM 11.108
P
C
B Two rods AB and BC of the same flexural rigidity EI are welded together at B. For
the loading shown, determine (a) the deflection of point C, (b) the slope of
l
member BC at point C.
SOLUTION
M A 0: RC l M C ( P Q)l 0
MC
RC P Q
l
Fx 0: P Q RAx 0 RAx P Q
M M
Member AB: M RAx y ( P Q) y, y, 0
Q MC
l M2
U AB 0 2EI
dy
Set Q 0 and M C 0.
UAB 1 l M 1 l 1 Pl 3
Q
EI 0
M
Q
dy
EI 0
( Py )( y )dy
3 EI
UAB 1 l M
M C EI 0
M
MA
dx 0
M
Member BC: M M C RC x M C P Q C x
l
M M x
x, 1
Q MC l
l M2
UBC 0 2EI
dx
Set Q 0 and M C 0.
UBC 1 l M 1 l 1 Pl 3
Q
EI 0
M
Q
dx
EI 0
( Px) x dx
3 EI
U 1 l M 1 l x
M A EI 0
M
MA
dx
EI 0
( Px) 1 dx
l
P l x2
EI 0
x dx
l
2
P 1 2 1 2 1 Pl
2 l l
EI 3 6 EI
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1913
PROBLEM 11.108 (Continued)
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1914
P PROBLEM 11.109
B C
Three rods, each of the same flexural rigidity EI, are welded to form the
frame ABCD. For the loading shown, determine the deflection of point D.
L
A D
SOLUTION
Fx 0: Ax P Q 0 Ax ( P Q)
Fy 0: Ay D 0 Ay P
U U AB U BC U CD
U
By Castiglianos theorem, D
Q
U AB U BC U CD
D
Q Q Q
M
Member AB: M ( P Q) y y
Q
Set Q0 M Py
L M 2dy
U AB 0
2EI
U AB L M M p L 2 PL3
0 dy y dy
Q EI Q EI 0 3EI
Member BC:
M
M Px QL L
Q
Set Q 0 M Px
L M 2dx
U BC 0
2EI
U BC L M M PL L PL3
0 dx x dx
Q EI Q EI 0 2EI
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1915
PROBLEM 11.109 (Continued)
M
Member CD: M Qy y
Q
Set Q0 M 0
L M 2dy U CD L M M
U CD 0 0 dy 0
2 EI Q EI Q
PL3 PL3 5PL3
D 0
3EI 2EI 6EI
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1916
P PROBLEM 11.110
B C
Three rods, each of the same flexural rigidity EI, are welded to form the
frame ABCD. For the loading shown, determine the angle formed by the
L frame at point D.
A D
SOLUTION
Statics: M A 0: M 0 DL PL 0
M0
DP
L
Fx 0: Ax P 0 Ax P
M0
Fy 0: Ay D 0 Ay P
L
Strain energy: U UAB UBC UCD
U
By Castiglianos theorem, D
M0
U AB U BC U CD
D
M0 M0 M0
M L M2
Member AB: M Py
M0
0 UAB 0 2EI
dy
UAB L M M
M0
0 EI M
0
dy 0
M0x
Member BC: M M 0 Dx M 0 Px
L
M x
Set M 0 0 M Px 1
M 0 L
L M2
UBC 0 2 EI
dx
UBC L M M P L x PL2
M0
0 EI M 0
dx
EI 0
x 1 dy
L 6 EI
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1917
PROBLEM 11.110 (Continued)
M
Member CD: M M0 1
M0
Set M 0 0 M 0
L M2 U L M M
U 0 2EI
dy
M0
0 EI M 0
dx 0
2
PL PL2
D 0 0 D
6 EI 6 EI
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1918
P PROBLEM 11.111
C
B
Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending moment
A diagram for the beam and loading shown.
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
Remove support B and add reaction RB as a load.
M2
L/2 L /2 M2
U U AC U CB
0 2 EI
du 0 2EI
dv
U U AB U CB
yB 0
RB RB RB
L M L
Over AC: M RB u Pu , u
2 RB 2
U AB 1 L/2 L L
RB
EI 0
RB u Pu u du
2 2
2
RB L/2
L P L/ 2 L
EI0
u 2 dv
EI 0
u u du
2
R L P 1 L 3 L 1 L 2
3
B L3
3EI 2 EI 3 2 2 2 2
7 RB L3 5 PL3
24 EI 48 EI
M
Over CB: M RB v v
RB
3
U CB 1 L/2 RB L 1 RB L3
RB
EI 0
( RB v)v dv
3EI 2
24 EI
7 1 RB L3 5 PL3 5
yB 0 RB P
24 24 EI 48 EI 16
L 5
M C RB MC PL
2 32
L 5 1 3
M A RB L P PL MA PL
2 16 2 16
MB 0
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1919
M0 PROBLEM 11.112
B
A Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending-moment
diagram for the beam and loading shown.
L
SOLUTION
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1920
M0 PROBLEM 11.113
A
D B
Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending moment
a b diagram for the beam and loading shown.
L
SOLUTION
U 1 L M
A
RA EI 0
M
RA
dx 0
M
Portion AD: (0 x a ) M RA x x
RA
U AD 1 a RA a 3
RA
EI 0
( RA x)( x) dx
3EI
M
Portion DB: (a x L) M RA x M 0 x
RA
U DB 1 L 1 1 1 2
3 3 2
( RA x M 0 )( x) dx RA ( L a ) M 0 ( L a )
RA EI a EI 3 2
U AD U DB 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2
A 2
RA a L a M 0 ( L a ) 0
RA RA EI 3 3 3 2
3 M 0 ( L2 a 2 ) 3 M 0b ( L a)
RA RA
2 L3 2 L3
MA 0
3 M 0 ab ( L a)
M D RA a M D
2 L3
3 M 0 ab( L a )
M D M D M 0 M D M0
2 L3
3 M 0 b( L a )
M B RA L M 0 MB M0
2 L2
1
Bending moment diagram drawn to scale for a L.
3
By singularity functions,
M 3M 0b( L a ) x/2 L3 M 0 L a 0
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1921
w PROBLEM 11.114
C
A Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending moment
B diagram for the beam and loading shown.
L/2 L/2
SOLUTION
L M
Portion AC: O x M RA x x
2 RA
U AC 1 L2 RA L3
A( R x )( x ) dx
RA EI 0 24 EI
L
Portion CB: 0 v
2
L 1 M L
M RA v wv 2 v
2 2 RA 2
U CB 1 L L 1 L
R v wv 2 v dv
0 A
RA EI 2 2 2
1 L L
2
1 L
3 L 2
RA 0 v dv w 02 v v dv
2
EI 2 2 2
RA 1 3 1 L 1 L 4 L 1 L 3
3
w
L
EI 3 3 2 2 EI 4 2 2 3 2
1 1 RA L3 7 wL4
3 24 EI 384 EI
U AC U CB 1 RA L3 7 wL4
A 0
RA RA 3 EI 384 EI
7
RA wL
128
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1922
PROBLEM 11.114 (Continued)
7
Bending moments. Over AC: M wLx
128
7
MC wL2 0.02734wL2
256
7 L 1
Over CB: M wL v wv 2
128 2 2
2
7 1 L 9
MB wL2 w wL2
128 2 2 128
M B 0.07031wL2
dM 7 7
wL wvm 0 vm L
dv 128 128
2
7 7 L 1 7
Mm wL L w L
128 128 2 2 128
945
wL2 0.02884wL2
32,768
7
or M wLx w x L /2 2 /2
128
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1923
P PROBLEM 11.115
D B
A Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending moment
diagram for the beam and loading shown.
L 2L
3 3
SOLUTION
M2 L
U
0 2 EIdx
U 1 L M
A
RA EI 0
M
RA
dx
L M
Portion AD: 0 x M RA x x
3 RA
U AD 1 L /3 M 1 L /3
RA
EI 0
M
RA
dx
EI 0
( RA x)( x) dx
3
RA L 1 RA L3
3EI 3 81 EI
L L
Portion DB: x L M RA x P x
3 3
M
x
RA
U DB 1 L M 1 L L
RA
M
EI L/3 RA
dx EI 3
RA P x x dxL/3
R L 2 P L 2 L
A
EI L/3
x dx
EI L/3
x x dx
3
R 3 L 3 P 1 3 L 3 L 2 L 2
A L L L
3EI 3 EI 3 3 6 3
3 3
1 1 R L 1 1 1 1 PL
A
3 81 EI 3 81 6 54 EI
U AD U DB 1 1 1 RA L3 14 PL3
A
RA RA 81 3 81 EI 81 EI
1 RA L3 14 PL3
3 EI 81 EI
0
14
RA P
27
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1924
PROBLEM 11.115 (Continued)
L 14
Bending moments: M D RA PL M D 0.1728PL
3 81
2L 4
M B RA L P PL M B 0.1481PL
3 27
14
By singularity functions, M Px P x L/31
27
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1925
w PROBLEM 11.116
B
A C For the uniform beam and loading shown, determine the reaction at each
support.
L/2 L
SOLUTION
M
Portion AB: M RA x, x
QA
3
U AB 1 L2 M 1 L2 RA L 1 RA L3
M dx ( R A x )( x ) dx
RA EI 0 RA EI 0 3EI 2 24 EI
1 2 1 1 1
Portion BC: M RC v wv RAv wLv wLv 2
2 2 2 2
M 1
v
RA 2
U BC 1 L 1 1 1
RAv w( Lv v 2 ) v dv
RA EI 0 2 2 2
1 L
RAv w( Lv v ) dv
2 2 3
4EI 0
1 L3 L4 L4 RA L3 wL4
RA w
4EI 3 3 4 12 EI 48EI
U AB U BC 1 1 R L3 wL4
A A 0
RA RA 24 12 EI 48EI
1 1
RA wL RA wL
6 6
1 1 1 5
RC wL wL RC wL
2 6 2 12
Fy 0: RA RB RC wL 0
1 5 3
wL RB wL wL 0 RB wL
6 12 4
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1926
PROBLEM 11.117
D C E
Three members of the same material and same cross-sectional area are used to
l support the load P. Determine the force in member BC.
SOLUTION
F 2L U FL F
U yC 0
2 EA RC EA RC
Joint C: FBC RC
P RB
FBD FBE
2cos
Member F F/ RB L ( FL/EA) ( F/ RB )
BD ( P RB )/2cos 1/2 cos l/ cos ( RB P)l/4 EA cos3
BE ( P RB )/2cos 1/2 cos l/ cos ( RB P)l/4 EA cos3
BC RB 1 l RB l/EA
P P
RB FBC RB FBC
1 2cos3 1 2 cos3
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1927
PROBLEM 11.118
C
Three members of the same material and same cross-sectional area are
R E
used to support the load P. Determine the force in member BC.
f
D
B
SOLUTION
Fi Fi /FBD Fi Fi /FBD
BD FBD 1 FBD
1
BE FBD / cos FBD / cos 2
cos
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1928
PROBLEM 11.118 (Continued)
Fi 1
Fi FBD 1 tan 2 P tan 0
FBD cos 2
sin
tan cos sin cos
FBD P
1 sin
2
1 cos sin 2 1
2
1 tan 2 1
cos 2 cos cos 2
2
P P
FBD sin cos sin 2
2 4
FBC P FBD tan
1 sin
P sin cos
2 cos
1
P 1 sin 2
2
11 7
2
FBC P 1 P
2 2 8
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1929
PROBLEM 11.119
B
D
308 Three members of the same material and same cross-sectional area are
l used to support the load P. Determine the force in member BC.
A C
l
P
SOLUTION
Cut member BC at end B and replace member force FBC by load FB acting on
member BC at B.
U F 2L 1 F
B F L0
FB FB EA EA FB
3
Joint C: Fy 0: FCD FBC P 0
2
2 2
FCD P FB
3 3
1
Fx 0: FAC FCD 0
2
1 1
FAC P FB
3 3
Member F F/ FB L F ( F/ FB ) L
AC FB 1 l FB l
1 1 1 1 1
BC P FB l Pl FB l
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 8 8
CD P FB l Pl FB l
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 8 4 8
Pl FB l
3 3 3 3
1 8 Pl 4 8 FB l
B 0
3 3 EA 3 3 EA
1
3
8
3 8 3
FB P P 0.652 P
4
3
8
3
84 3
FBC FB FBC 0.652 P
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1930
PROBLEM 11.120
C
D
Three members of the same material and same cross-sectional area are used to
3
4 l support the load P. Determine the force in member BC.
E
B
l
P
SOLUTION
F 2L 1
U F 2 L
2 EA 2 EA
U 1 F
C F L
FC EA FC
3 5 5
Joint B: Fy 0: FC P FBD 0 FBD P FC
5 3 3
4 4 4
Fx 0: FBE FBD 0 FBE P FC
5 3 3
Member F F/ FC L F ( F/ FC ) L
3 3
BC FC 1 l FC l
4 4
5 5 5 5 125 125
BD P FC l Pl FC l
3 3 3 4 36 36
4 4 4 16 16
BE P FC l Pl FC l
3 3 3 9 9
21
Pl 6 FC l
4
1 21 7 7
C Pl 6 FC l 0 FC P FBC FC FBC P
EA 4 8 8
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1931
P PROBLEM 11.121
A B Knowing that the eight members of the indeterminate truss shown have the
same uniform cross-sectional area, determine the force in member AB.
3
C
4 l
D E
l
SOLUTION
Cut member AB at end A and replace member force FAB by load FA acting on member AB at end A.
U F 2L 1 F
A F L0
FA FA 2 EA EA FA
4 5
Joint B: Fx 0: FA FBD 0 FBD FA
5 4
3 3
Fy 0: P FBE FBD 0 FBE P FA
5 4
3 5 5
Joint E: Fy 0: FBE FAE 0 FAE P FA
5 3 4
4 4
Fx 0: FAE FDE 0 FDE P FA
5 3
3
Joint D: Fy 0: FAD FBD 0
5
3
FAD FA
4
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1932
PROBLEM 11.121 (Continued)
Member F F/ FA L F ( F/ FA ) L
AB FA 1 l FAl
3 3 3 27
AD FA l FAl
4 4 4 64
5 5 5 5 125 125
AE P FA l Pl FAl
3 4 4 4 48 64
5 5 5 125
BD FA l FAl
4 4 4 64
3 3 3 9 27
BE P FA l Pl FAl
4 4 4 16 64
4 4
DE P FA 1 l Pl FAl
3 3
9 27
Pl FAl
2 4
1 9 27
A Pl FAl 0
EA 2 4
2
FA P
3
2
FAB FA FAB P
3
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1933
A B PROBLEM 11.122
3
C Knowing that the eight members of the indeterminate truss shown have the
4 l same uniform cross-sectional area, determine the force in member AB.
D E
l
P
SOLUTION
Cut member AB at end A and replace member force FAB by load FA acting on member AB at end A.
U F 2L 1 F
A F L0
FA FA 2EA EA FA
5 3
Joint B: FBD FA FBE FA
4 4
3
Joint E: Fy 0: FBE P FAE
5
5 5
FAE P FBE
3 3
5 5
P FA
3 4
4
Fx 0: FAE FDE 0
5
4 4
FDE FAE P FA
5 3
3
Joint D: Fy 0: FAD FDB 0
5
3 3
FAD FDB FA
5 4
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1934
PROBLEM 11.122 (Continued)
Member F F/ FA L F ( F/ FA ) L
AB FA 1 l FAl
3 3 3 27
AD FA l FAl
4 4 4 64
5 5 5 5 125 125
AE P FA l Pl FAl
3 4 4 4 48 64
5 5 5 125
BD FA l FAl
4 4 4 64
3 3 3 27
BE FA l FAl
4 4 4 64
4 4
DE P FA 1 l Pl FAl
3 3
63 27
Pl FAl
16 4
1 63 27
A Pl FAl 0
EA 16 4
7
FA P
12
7
FAB FA FAB P
12
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1935
1.6 m
PROBLEM 11.123
1.2 m
C Rod AB is made of a steel for which the yield strength is Y 450 MPa
B and E 200 GPa; rod BC is made of an aluminum alloy for which
Y 280 MPa and E 73 GPa. Determine the maximum strain energy
A
that can be acquired by the composite rod ABC without causing any
P
14-mm diameter permanent deformations.
10-mm diameter
SOLUTION
AAB (10) 2 78.54 mm 2
4
78.54 106 m 2
ABC (14) 2 153.94 mm 2
4
153.94 106 m 2
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1936
B PROBLEM 11.124
3 in2
4 ft
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the
cross-sectional area shown. Using E 29 106 psi, determine
D C the strain energy of the truss for the loading shown.
20 kips
2
4 in
24 kips
7.5 ft
SOLUTION
Strain energy.
Fi 2 Li F2 L F2 L
U BC BC CD CD
2 EAi 2EABC 2 EACD
(51)2 (102) (25) 2 (90)
(2)(29,000)(3) (2)(29,000)(4)
1.5247 0.2425
U 1.767 in. kip
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1937
A PROBLEM 11.125
The ship at A has just started to drill for oil on the ocean floor at a depth of
5000 ft. The steel drill pipe has an outer diameter of 8 in. and a uniform
5000 ft wall thickness of 0.5 in. Knowing that the top of the drill pipe rotates
through two complete revolutions before the drill bit at B starts to operate
and using G 11.2 106 psi, determine the maximum strain energy acquired
B by the drill pipe.
SOLUTION
(2) (2 ) 4 rad
L 5000 ft 60 103 in.
do
co 4 in. ci co t 3.5 in.
2
J
2
c
4
o
ci4 166.406 in 4
TL GJ
T
GJ L
2
T 2 L GJ L GJ 2
U
2GJ L 2GJ 2L
(11.2 106 )(166.406)(4 ) 2
U U 2.45 106 in. lb
(2)(60 103 )
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1938
PROBLEM 11.126
A
Bronze
E 105 GPa Collar D is released from rest in the position shown and is stopped by a
4m 12-mm diameter small plate attached at end C of the vertical rod ABC. Determine the mass
of the collar for which the maximum normal stress in portion BC is
B Aluminum 125 MPa.
E 70 GPa
2.5 m D 9-mm diameter
0.6 m
C
SOLUTION
1
Pm m U m
2
2U m (2)(28.324)
m 7.12 103 m
Pm 7952
Um 28.324
m m 4.76 kg
gh (9.81)(0.60712)
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1939
1.5 m
PROBLEM 11.127
A B
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a cross-
C sectional area 400 mm 2. Using E 200 GPa, determine the deflection
0.8 m
of point D caused by the 16-kN load.
D E
16 kN
SOLUTION
Equilibrium of entire truss.
M A 0: D 0
Fx 0: Ax 0
Fy 0: Ay 16 kN
Equilibrium of joint A.
From the force triangle,
FACE F 16 kN
AB
17 15 8
FAB 30 kN (compression)
FACE 34 kN (tension)
By symmetry,
FDE 30 kN (compression)
FBCD 34 kN (tension)
Equilibrium of joint B.
8
Fy 0: FACE FBE 0
17
8
(34 kN) FBE 0 FBE 16 kN
17
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1940
PROBLEM 11.127 (Continued)
Fi 2 Li 1
Strain energy: U Fi 2 Li
2 EA 2 EA
Fi (kN) Li (m) Fi 2 Li
AB 30 1.5 1350
DE 30 1.5 1350
ACE 34 1.7 1965.2
BCD 34 1.7 1965.2
BE 16 0.8 204.8
6835.2 (kN) 2 m
6.8352 109 N 2 m
6.8352 109
U 42.72 N m
(2)(80 106 )
Principle of work and energy:
1
P U ( P 16 kN 16 103 N)
2
1
(16 103 ) 42.72 5.34 103 m
2
Deflection of point D. 5.34 mm
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1941
PROBLEM 11.128
A block of weight W is placed in contact with a beam at some given point D and released. Show that the
resulting maximum deflection at point D is twice as large as the deflection due to a static load W applied at D.
SOLUTION
Consider dropping the weight from a height h above the beam. The work done by the weight is
Work W (h ym )
1 1
Strain energy: U Pm ym kym2
2 2
where k is the spring constant of the beam for loading at point D.
1 2
Equating work and energy, W ( h ym ) kym .
2
1 2 2W
Setting h 0, Wym kym , ym .
2 k
The static deflection at point D due to weight applied at D is
W
st . ym 2 st
k
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1942
C PROBLEM 11.129
50 mm
60 mm
Two solid steel shafts are connected by the gears
A
40 mm shown. Using the method of work and energy,
determine the angle through which end D rotates
when T 820 N m. Use G 77.2 GPa.
B
0.40 m 100 mm D
T
0.60 m
SOLUTION
1
Shaft CD: T 820 N m c d 20 mm 0.020 m
2
J c4 (0.020)4 251.33 109 m 4
2 2
G 77.2 109 Pa, L 0.60 m
T 2L (820)2 (0.60)
U CD 10.397 J
2GJ (2)(77.2 109 )(251.33 109 )
TCD T
Equilibrium of shafts: AB
rC rB
rB 100 mm
TAB TCD (820 N m) 1366.67 N m
rC 60 mm
1
Shaft AB: T 1366.67 N m c d 25 mm 0.025 m
2
J c4 (0.025)4 613.59 106 m 4
2 2
G 77.2 109 Pa, L 0.40 m
2
T L (1366.67) 2 (0.40)
U AB 7.886 J
2GJ (2)(77.2 109 )(613.59 109 )
Total strain energy: U U CD U AB 18.283 J
1 2U (2)(18.283)
T U 0.04459 rad
2 TA 820
2.55
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1943
A PROBLEM 11.130
B The 12-mm-diameter steel rod ABC has been bent into the shape
shown. Knowing that E 200 GPa and G 77.2 GPa, determine
the deflection of end C caused by the 150-N force.
C l 200 mm
l 200 mm
P 150 N
SOLUTION
4
12
J c4 2.0358 103 mm 4
2 2 2
2.0358 109 m 4
1
I J 1.0179 109 m 4
2
Portion AB: bending M Px
LAB M2 P2 LAB
UAB , b 0 2EI
dx
2EI 0
x 2dx
1 2U (2)(0.86737)
Work-energy: P U
2 P 150
11.57 103 m 11.57 mm
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1944
P P PROBLEM 11.131
D E
A B For the prismatic beam shown, determine the slope at point D.
SOLUTION
L
Portion AD: 0 x
2
M2 L/2
UAD
0 2 EI
dx
M M x
M 0x
L M 0 L
Set M 0 0 so that M 0.
U AD 1 L /2 M
M 0
EI 0
M
M 0
dx 0
L L M2
Portion DE: x L
2
U DE L/ 2 2 EI
dx
L x L
M Ax P x M 0 M 0 1 P x
2 L 2
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1945
PROBLEM 11.131 (Continued)
M x L
1; Set M 0 0 so that M P x .
M 0 L 2
U DE 1 L M P L L x
M 0
EI L/2
M
M 0
dx
EI
L/2
x 2 1 L dx
P 3 L x2 L
EI
x
L/2 2
dx
L 2
P 3 x 2
L L L
x3 Lx
EI 2 2 L /2 3L L / 2 2 L /2
PL2 3 3 1 1 1 1 PL
3
EI 4 16 3 24 2 4 48 EI
L L /2 M2
Portion EB: 0 v
2
U EB 0 2EI
dx
M U EB 1 L/2 M
M Pv
M 0
0
M 0
EI 0
M
M 0
dv 0
PL2
Slope at point D. D 0 0
48EI
PL2
D
48EI
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1946
PROBLEM 11.132
L
A disk of radius a has been welded to end B of the solid steel shaft
AB. A cable is then wrapped around the disk and a vertical force P is
A applied to end C of the cable. Knowing that the radius of the shaft is
a and neglecting the deformations of the disk and of the cable, show
that the deflection of point C caused by the application of P is
a
B PL3 Ea 2
C 1 1.5 2 .
3EI GL
C
SOLUTION
Torsion: T Pa
T 2 L P2 a2 L
Ut
2GJ 2GJ
Bending: M Pv
L M 2 dv L P 2 v 2 dv
Ub 0 2 EI
0 2 EI
2 3
P L
6 EI
P 2 a 2 L P 2 L3 1
Total: U P C
2GJ 6 EI 2
2
Pa L PL 3
PL3 3EIa 2
C 1
GJ 3EI 3EI GJL2
PL3 Ea 2
Since J 2I , C 1 1.5 2
3EI GL
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1947
B C PROBLEM 11.133
SOLUTION
M M
Member AB: M M A RA y M D P y y, 1
P MD
l M2
U AB 0 2EI
dy
Set M D 0.
UAB 1 l M 1 l Pl 3
P
EI 0
M
P
dy
EI 0
( Py ) y dy
3EI
UAB 1 l M 1 l Pl 2
M 0 EI 0
M
M0
dy
EI 0
( Py )(1) dy
2EI
M M
Member BC: M M A RAl MD Pl l, 1
P MD
l M2
UBC 0 2 EI
dx
Set M D 0.
UBC 1 l M 1 l Pl 3
P
EI 0
M
P
dx
EI 0
( Pl )(l ) dx
EI
UBC 1 l M 1 l Pl 2
MD EI 0
M
MD
dx
EI 0
( Pl )(1) dx
EI
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1948
PROBLEM 11.133 (Continued)
M M
Member CD: M M D Py y 1
P MD
l M2
UCD 0 2 EI
dy
Set M D 0.
UCD 1 l M 1 l Pl 3
P
EI 0
M
P
dy
EI 0
( Py )( y ) dy
3EI
U CD 1 l M 1 l Pl 2
M D EI 0
M
MD
dy
EI 0
( Py )(1) dy
2 EI
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1949
D PROBLEM 11.134
0.2-in. diameter The steel bar ABC has a square cross section of side 0.75 in. and is
25 in. subjected to a 50-lb load P. Using E 29 106psi for the rod BD and the
P bar, determine the deflection of point C.
A C
B
30 in.
10 in.
SOLUTION
(50)2 (30)3
14.713 in. lb
(2)(29 106 )(26.367 103 )(3)
Total: U U BD U AB U BD 20.166 in. lb
1
P C U
2
2U (2)(20.166)
C C 0.807 in.
P 50
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1950
PROBLEM 11.C1
Element n
A rod consisting of n elements, each of which is homogeneous
Element i
Element 1 and of uniform cross section, is subjected to a load P applied at
its free end. The length of element i is denoted by Li and its
diameter by di . (a) Denoting by E the modulus of elasticity of
P the material used in the rod, write a computer program that can
be used to determine the strain energy acquired by the rod and
the deformation measured at its free end. (b) Use this program to
determine the strain energy and deformation for the rods of
Probs. 11.9 and 11.10.
SOLUTION
Enter: P and E
For each element
Enter Ai and Di
Compute:
P
Normal stress: i
Ai
P 2 Li
Strain energy: Ui
2 Ai E
i2
Strain energy density: u
2E
Total strain energy.
Update through n elements.
U U Ui
Total deformation.
1 2U
P U :
2 P
Program Outputs
Problem 11.9
Axial load 8.000 kips Modulus of elasticity 29 106 psi
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1951
PROBLEM 11.C1 (Continued)
Problem 11.10
Axial load 25.000 kN Modulus of elasticity 200 GPa
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1952
PROBLEM 11.C2
F 1500 lb 3
6 in. Two 0.75 6-in. cover plates are welded to a
D C h E 4
W8 18 rolled-steel beam as shown. The 1500-lb
A B block is to be dropped from a height h 2 in. onto
the beam. (a) Write a computer program to calculate
W8 18
the maximum normal stress on transverse sections
just to the left of D and at the center of the beam for
a a values of a from 0 to 60 in. using 5-in. increments.
60 in. 60 in. (b) From the values considered in part a, select the
distance a for which the maximum normal stress is as
small as possible. Use E 29 106 psi.
SOLUTION
1 1 ym2
U2 Pm ym
2 2
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1953
PROBLEM 11.C2 (Continued)
Position 1 Position 2
Program solution of
A for ym
1 1
D 1 Pm a/S1 ; c 2 Pm L/S 2
2 4
Print: a, yst , ym , Pm , 1 , 2 , and ( 1 2 )
Repeat with smaller intervals to find a for ( 1 2 ) 0
This is the distance a for max as small as possible.
Determination of : is deflection at c for a unit load at C.
2a L
t A /C A1 A2
3 3
1 a 1 1 a 2a 1 L L L
2 EI1 I1 I 2 2 3 2 4 EI 2 2 3
1 1 1 3
a 3 L 6E
I1 I 2 8 I 2
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1954
PROBLEM 11.C2 (Continued)
Program Output
Beam W8 18 with two 6 by 0.75-in. cover plates
h 2 in. W 1500 lb L 120 in.
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1955
PROBLEM 11.C3
SOLUTION
2h Solve for y
2 y
ym yst 1 1
h max
1 1 st
yst yst 2
Print: L, yst , ymax , Pmax , M max , h
Return
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1956
PROBLEM 11.C3 (Continued)
Program Output
Problem 11.C3
m 16.0 kg d 24 mm 120 MPa G 200 GPa
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1957
D m PROBLEM 11.C4
h
The block D of mass m 8 kg is dropped from a height
A B
E h 750 mm onto the rolled-steel beam AB. Knowing that
W150 13.5 E 200 GPa, write a computer program to calculate the maximum
a deflection of point E and the maximum normal stress in the beam
1.8 m for values of a from 100 to 900 mm, using 100-mm increments.
SOLUTION
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1958
PROBLEM 11.C4 (Continued)
Note the small variation in max. This is due to the energy acquired by the mass as it falls through ymax.
See Prob. 11.147, page 731, for a case where energy delivered is constant and max is also constant.
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1959
PROBLEM 11.C5
10-mm diameter
6-mm diameter
The steel rods AB and BC are made of a steel for which
B
A Y 300 MPa and E 200 GPa. (a) Write a computer program to
a C calculate for values of a from 0 to 6 m, using 1-m increments, the
P maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the assembly
6m without causing any permanent deformation. (b) For each value of
a considered, calculate the diameter of a uniform rod of length 6 m
and of the same mass as the original assembly, and the maximum
strain energy that could be acquired by this uniform rod without
causing permanent deformation.
SOLUTION
For a 0 to 6 m, Step 1 m
Pm2 a La
U
2 E Area AB Area BC
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1960
PROBLEM 11.C5 (Continued)
Program Output
Problem 11.C5
Y 300 MPa, Pm 8482 N, L 6 m, E 200 GPa
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1961
PROBLEM 11.C6
SOLUTION
1 1 ym2
U2 Pm ym
2 2
work w(h ym )
work U 2
1 ym2 Position 2
w(h ym ) A Position 1
2
M max M B Pm ( L a)
M max /S
Print a, ym , Pm , M m ,
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1962
PROBLEM 11.C6 (Continued)
Program Output
a ym Pm Max. M
in. in. lb kip in. psi
10 14.622 757.7 101.532 5422
20 13.262 802.6 99.519 5314
30 11.950 855.6 97.536 5208
40 10.683 919.1 95.583 5104
50 9.462 996.4 93.661 5001
M-Diagram
1 M2
U
2
(1 lb)
2EI
dx
1 a
2
La 2 La
2
2EI
0
a x dx
0
v 2 dv
1 ( L a ) 2 a 3 ( L a )3
EI a 2 3 3
1
( L a) 2 a ( L a )3
3EI
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1963