Report

Automatic Drip Irrigation System
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Raindrops are like liquid gold to farmers in the poorest countries of the world. Yet when
the rains do come - and in many places they come erratically or with decreasing frequency
- with no irrigation techniques available, most of that precious moisture is washed away,
unused. Land is so dehydrated that they are unable to grow enough produce even to
sustain their families, there seems to be no way out.
Practical Action is working with communities to introduce simple yet effective irrigation
systems to combat the issue. So instead of parched, dusty fields, there are life-giving
gardens brimming with hearty fruit and vegetables or sturdy columns of maize, year after
year. Even if rainfall is low or erratic, the drip irrigation system enables farmers to nourish
and grow the crops they need.
This is how it works:
A large, water harvesting tank in the village catches the rain and stores it.
A farmer fills a 20-litre drip bucket and places it one meter above the ground on
poles.
The drip bucket is attached to a long hose that criss- crosses the crop field.
Simple gravity provides enough pressure to force the water through the hose.
Water drips through the holes in the hose, directly onto the roots of the plants.
GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 1

100-200 plants can be grown using just one drip bucket system.
1.2 Necessity
The ultimate aim of our project is to provide the water supply to the various areas
of the field. The conventional method is to operate the manual motor/valves, by
an operator. Thus, the operator has to be alert and regular to provide the water. If
the operator is irregular or he is late due to some reason it creates major problem.
So, our system that is timer based drip irrigation system works automatically. Set
a time by keyboard its a micro controller based system.
1.3 Organization
The overall detail of project is organized in 6 chapters. Chapter 1 contains the
introduction of entire project. It includes the basic idea of the working of the
system. Chapter 2 contains the Literature survey where the history of the already
existing system is discussed. It contains all the papers we have referred for our
system. This gives us a brief idea about the improvement in the system. It gives
us a rough idea of the previous techniques and the various components used in
them. Chapter 3 contains the aim and objective of the system. It contains the
problem statement of our system. It also contains the objectives which were
observed by us and also the limitations of other systems, because of which we felt
it necessary to design the system. Chapter 4 deals with System development. It
consists of the block diagram which we have proposed for our system. It also
consists of the hardware components and their description. It includes the detail
description of all the components used along with their diagrams and operation
and their interfacing with other components. As well as it includes the technical
specifications of the various components of the system. Chapter 5 consists of the
results which we have shown for the rain sensor, level indicator and for the entire
system. Chapter 6 consists of the conclusions which we have made, and also the
advantages of our system, disadvantages of the system, the applications i.e. the
various places where it can be used, and the future improvements which can be
easily made in the system i.e. the future scope of the system and also the list of

references which we have referred for the improvement and further development
of the system

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
We surveyed on IEEE papers, [1] International Conference on Computation of Power,
Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), published in the year 2016 titled as
Automated Plant Watering System. This paper consisted of ATmega 328 microcontroller,
which was programmed to water the plants using sprinklers through mobile
applications.In this the system was designed in such a way that it reported its current state
as well as reminded the user to add water. In this system the microcontroller was
programmed to water the plants two times per day. Next we surveyed on IEEE paper
based on Automatic Crop Irrigation System [2],which was published in the year 2015.In
this paper, GSM module was included which sends message only on registered mobile
number .This system kept notifying the farmers through an on-board LCD display and
sends the message on the farmers registered mobile number. This system also had the
capability to indicate the water level. This system included automated supply of water to
the fields according to the crop sown and the depth of indicator strip. Next we surveyed
on IEEE paper, based on 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and
Technology, published in the year 19 - 20 Aug. 2013, by Shah Alam, Malaysia [3], which
was titled as Fully Automatic Water Irrigation and Drainage System for Paddy Rice
Cropping in Malaysia. This paper consisted of water level sensors, which senses the level
of water continually in the field. This system had water level sensors which were placed in
the rice field which continuously measured the water level. This system automatically
irrigated water through entrance gate when the water level is lower than the desired level.
The entrance gate closes after the water level reaches the desired level. When the water
level in the rice field is higher than the desired level, this system either opens the exit gate
if the drain is empty, or switches on the pump if the drain is full of water .Next we
surveyed on IEEE paper based on International Journal of Advanced Engineering and
Global Technology ISSN No: 2309-4893 Vol-04, Issue-01[4] titled as Design and
implementation of Automatic Plant watering System published in the year January 2016.
In this paper the automatic system based on ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) and for
communication GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology was used.
This system had microcontroller based design which controlled the water supply and the

field to be irrigated. This system also consisted of sensors which were present in each
field which were not activated till the water was present on the field. Once the field gets
dry sensors sense the requirement till the sensors are de-activated again. In case when
there is more than one signal for water requirement then the microcontroller will prioritize
the first received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly.
Next we surveyed on the International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
ISSN: 22496645 Vol. 5 Issue 4[5], published in the year April 2015, titled as
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation System. In this system Automatic
sprinkler irrigation system was designed. This system uses a microcontroller that acts as a
decision taking unit. Microcontroller takes decision based upon the input set by a farmer
as per his requirements and water flow sensor. It controls the operation of solenoid valve
and continuously motors the run time of sprinkler water pipeline. All solenoid valves are
opened in sequence for the irrigation of the crop.
Next we surveyed on the paper based on International Journal of Agricultural Science and
Research (IJASR) ISSN 2250-0057 Vol. 3 Issue 3[6] published in the year August 2013,
titled as intelligent irrigation system. In this system Automatic irrigation system and
automatic pesticide system was designed. This system discussed the prototype design of
microcontroller based on intelligent irrigation system which allowed irrigation to take
place in zones where watering is required, while bypassing zones where adequate soil
moisture was indicated. Other feature of this prototype is pesticide sprinkling system
where the mixture is prepared in required proportion deserved by plants automatically
thereby preventing the human mistakes to maximum extent.

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE

3.1 Problem statement
Irrigation of plants is usually a very time consuming activity; to be done in a reasonable
amount of time, it requires a large amount of human resources. Traditionally all the steps
were executed by humans. Now a days, some systems use technology to reduce the
number of workers or the time required to water the plants. With such systems the control
is very limited, and many resources are still wasted.It is a challenge for farmers to
maintain their fields and manage watering of plants during shortage of water. Based on
the above background, we thought that it is necessary to implement the automated system
which will take care of plants considering all the different aspects of drip irrigation
system.
3.2 Aim
Our project aims to implement a simple system using automatic drip irrigation, which
waters the plant with minimal human intervention.
3.3 Objectives
The objective of this project was to design a small scale automated irrigation system for
indoors that would use water in a more efficiency way, in order to prevent water loss and
minimize the cost of labor.
To provide the necessary moisture for the crop development.
To ensure sufficient supply of water during droughts of short duration and

unpredictable climate.
To dissolve soil salts.

It is a way to apply agro-chemicals.
To improve the ambient condition for the vegetative growth.

4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Design of the system
4.1.1 Description of blocks: -
Microcontroller: - This is used for interfacing of specific devices. In our project the role
of micro controller is to manage the events as per program. It is 8 bit CPU with 4K
internal flash memory that means the memory can be reprograms 10,000 times and thus
the same micro controller can be used, for various applications.
Timer: - The timer is going to give a facility of password to avoid unauthorized access.
As concerned with reliability and accuracy micro controller is more efficient compared to

other timers. Battery backup is also used. So there will not be any effect of power failure.
We can see time of day on LCD.
Rain sensor:-
Basic NPN Transistor Switching Circuit:
Conductive probes - The probe is feedback instrument of the automated irrigation system.
It is used to measure the moisture content of the soil in which it is place permanently.
When activated it gives an electric output from a transistor.
Relay: - Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically and
mechanically. Relays consist of an electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The switching
mechanism is carried out with the help of the electromagnet. There are also other
operating principles for its working. But they differ according to their applications.
4.2 System Software
4.2.1 Keil uvision-4 software:

Keil is based on Integrated Development environment (IDE). It consists of a code
editor, a compiler, a debugger and what you see is what you get (WYCIWYG)
editor in a single package, which is used for programming in embedded c and
generate Hex code for burning in microcontroller.
Steps for keil software:
Open the Keil IDE.
The Keil IDE main window in is divided into three areas.
i)Editor: Here .c file and and .h files are written and edited.
ii) Project explorer: It shows the project tree.
iii) Output window: Shows messages related with compiling, project building and
debugging.
Click on project->new uvision project.
choose file name , for e.g. multisensor.uvproj and its saving location
Select the device for target target1 i.e. AT89c51 and press ok.

Now select yes to copy startup.s file, this is for initial configuration and right
click the target option in project window and select output->create hex file option.
Creating and writing program.
Click New and save file with name main.c .Write the program and save the
program.
Right click source group and add files to source group and select saved files to add
to the program.
Click on Build for compiling the program and see for errors in output window, if
any to correct it.
4.2.2 Flash Magic:
This software is used for burning the generated Hex file into microcontroller.
After selecting Build option, it will create hex file with same name as project name
and this file is used for burning program in flash memory of microcontroller using
flash magic.
This is done by serial communication using UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter) by connecting PC with UART0 of microcontroller using
RS232 (DB 9 cable).
Steps involved in burning:
Hex file is created.
Pc is connected with microcontroller using DB-9 and uart.
Open Flash magic and select microcontroller, select assigned COM port.
Set the Baud Rate (the baud rate of both microcontroller and pc should be same
for burning) and crystal frequency to 12 MHZ.
Select erase blocks used by hex file and verify after programming and load the hex
file and click on start to burn the hex file.
4.3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:-
The hardware of drip irrigation system consists of a micro controller based system, we
real clock operation and the displays are shown on 16 x 2 type alphanumeric display.
Relay board is controlled by the micro controller which operates keyboard with timer

which is a works on the principle of amplitude shift Keying modulation. The matrix
keyboard is provided which is used to set the various timing inside the micro controller.
At the output of the relay driver IC a bank of four relays is there. The system works on
DC supply, which is developed on the system only. The detailed explanation regarding the
power supply is illustrated in separate chapter.
At receiver end motor/solenoid valve which operates on 230V AC and it is based on the
principle of electromagnetic indication. When the relay is switch ON it closes its contact
and provides 230V AC supply, to the motor or coil of solenoid valve. Due to this electro -
magnetic field is generated and the piston in solenoid valve is pushed backsword, and thus
the way for the flow of water is there. When the supply is cut the coil of solenoid valve is
demagnetized and the piston comes to its original position. It opposes the flow water, and
thus, the water supply is stopped.
Micro controller:-
AT 89C51 is micro controller is used. It is 8 bit CPU with 4K internal flash memory that
means the memory can be reprograms 10,000 times and thus the same micro controller
can be used, for various applications. It is having 4 different I/O ports. Out of 4 ports 3
are general purpose ports and 1 is special purpose port. This is used for interfacing of
specific devices. It also content 2, 16 bit internal timers and counters. In our project the
role of micro controller is to manage the events as per program. For programming
purpose matrix keyboard is provided. We can feed a specific password, for entering the
program mode. This will be secreted and will be familiar to the related persons only.
Thus, no other person can interfere the water distribution tank once the program is fed.
The 4 x 4 matrix is interfaced at port no 1 of micro controller AT 89C51; at port no 0

LCD is interfaced. Port no 3 is used for keyboard interfaced. The time entered by the
matrix keyboard, is stored inside the memory. The port no 2 is used for driving various
relays. As different relays are to be made on different times, the time for particular relay
is all ready set. During the passage of the time when set time for particular relay, comes
the relay is ON. After decoding the signal it is given to multiplexer where the provisions

life latch hold mode and normal invert mode is provided. We can select our required
module. At the output of multiplexer ULN driver is there. It is an array of 7 Darlington
pair transistors. It drives the coil of and electromagnetic relay which in turn operates the
solenoid valve.
The details regarding the LCD interfaced and keyboard are provided as below:-
Microcontroller LCD:-
Atmels 89C51 is the central processing unit of our system. It is 8 bit ADC having 4K
flash memory and 128bytes of RAM. It has 4 input output ports out of which port 3 is a
special purpose port. Port 1, 2 and 0 are general purpose ports. But port 3 can also be
used as general purpose port if required. It is a single chip micro controller suitable to our
application. Hence it is used here. The 32 I/O lines can be used for any purpose, say
ADC, DAC, LCD, Relay, LED display interfacing. Also real time clock and serial
communication with PC. In our application we use serial interface between ADC and
micro controller. ADC and micro controller communication is already discussed.
LCD Interface:-
Interface of LCD with micro controller requires hardware as well as software
synchronization. As shown below LCD is having 16 pins for signaling and associated
VCCs and GNDs.
Pin 1 and 2 are the Vcc and GND to LCD module. Pin 3, 4 & 4 are the control signal to
LCD module from micro controller, i.e. R/S determines, whether the signal sent is
command or data. If it is then it is data and when it sends 1, it is 0 (Zero). R/W enables

if 0 it reads the data, if it is 1 it writes the data. EN Enables an active data to enable
strobe. D0-D7 (P7-P14) is the data bus through which 8 bit data from micro controller
89C51 is sent to LCD. LCD accepts this data, its micro controller manages, how to write
or read in its memory or indicate on LCD display. Thus, in our case both parameters say
temperature and humidity is shown on LCD display. P15, P16 are used for the supply of
back plate LED. The LCD we used is 16 x 2 alphanumeric type means two rows
containing 16 characters in each row.
Timer:-
In market several projects are available which can be used to give timing schedules. In
market sequential timer circuit is available which a CMOS timer is. This timer can make
ON one or more electronic or electric equipment in specific sequence and turns them OFF
after some particular time. It uses a timer IC MC 7555 that is a low frequency oscillator.
It controls or adjusts the time period by VR1. This timer can be used for such an
application like our project but it is not having facility for prohibiting unauthorized
access. So we are going to give facility of password to avoid unauthorized access. As
concerned with reliability and accuracy micro controller is more efficient compared to
other timers. Battery backup is also used. So there will not be any effect of power failure.
We can see time of day on LCD which facility is not provided in above project. Another
option a system is can be long duration timer which is available. Which uses timer IC555,
it is used along with CD 4060 for giving time delay more than 30 min. it can give delay
up to 24 hrs, 12 hrs, 1.5 hrs, 45 hrs, 22.5 min.
Another long duration timer uses IC 4020 which is counter, which uses only two ICs. It
selects time with the help of switch. After completion of selected time period relay
becomes ON and get connected with the circuit. In requirement they do not requires large
delay and system is not programmable. And again it cannot have password facility to
avoid unauthorized access. The system will require less maintenance as compared to
system discussed above and will have long life than above discussed systems. Battery
backup is also used. So there will not be any effect of power failure. In 89C51 two timers
provided and also Read Only Memory (ROM) of 4 KB is provided. Random Access

Memory (RAM) is 128 bytes for 89C51. This is sufficient for our project thats why we
are using 89C51 which is having low cost than 89C52. The popular AT89C51 chip has an
on chip ROM in the form of Flash memory. This is ideal for fast development since flash
memory can be erased in seconds compared to 20 minutes or more needed for 8751 and
for that reason AT89C51 is used in place of 8751 and others to eliminate the waiting time
needed to erase the chip and there by speed up the development time. In flash memory we
must erase the entire contents of ROM in order to program it again. This erasing of Flash
is done by PROM burner itself, therefore separate eraser is not required and now to
eliminate the need of PROM burner Atmel is working on version of AT89C51 that can be
programmed via the serial COM port of an IBM PC. Priority, the problem of mapping a
concept of time constraint reactions on to traditional constructs remains. We will prefer
the Assembly language.
Memory Management:-
Another problem facing the user of modern languages is the task of correctly managing
memory. Although not a problem specific to systems, the scares memory resources of
system make memory leakage on urgent and intolerable problem. One commonly
suggested solution is to lessen the Burden on the program.
Capturing of Specifications:-
Real time system is usually identified with the concept of using real time operating system
for concurrency and process management. Traditional C or C++ coding for Timer
Operating System lacks the ability to natively capture the timely behavior of a system
whereas the real time behavior of a system is often specified in terms of reaction
deadlines, the common real time operating system programming model requires the
reactions to be translated into process or threads and the deadlines to be translated into
priorities. Even if we can derive appropriate thread.

Rain sensor:-
Fig: Basic NPN Transistor Switching Circuit
The difference this time is that to operate the transistor as a switch the transistor needs to
be turned either fully OFF (cut-off) or fully ON (saturated). An ideal transistor switch
would have infinite circuit resistance between the Collector and Emitter when turned
fully-OFF resulting in zero current flowing through it and zero resistance between the
Collector and Emitter when turned fully-ON, resulting in maximum current flow. In
practice when the transistor is turned OFF, small leakage currents flow through the
transistor and when fully ON the device has a low resistance value causing a small
saturation voltage ( VCE ) across it. Even though the transistor is not a perfect switch, in
both the cut-off and saturation regions the power dissipated by the transistor is at its
minimum. In order for the Base current to flow, the Base input terminal must be made
more positive than the Emitter by increasing it above the 0.7 volts needed for a silicon
device. By varying this Base-Emitter voltage VBE, the Base current is also altered and
which in turn controls the amount of Collector current flowing through the transistor as
previously discussed. When maximum Collector current flows the transistor is said to
be Saturated. The value of the Base resistor determines how much input voltage is
required and corresponding Base current to switch the transistor fully ON.

Conductive probes: - The probe is feedback instrument of the automated irrigation system.
It is used to measure the moisture content of the soil in which it is place permanently.
When activated it gives an electric output from a transistor. The probes have to be
compatible with most soil types.
4.4 Technical specifications:-

1) Supply Voltage = 230 V AC, 5 V DC, 12V DC.
2) Logic = AT 89c51 based.
3) Language = Assembly.
4) Indication = 16 x 2 LCD Display.
5) Time setting = Through Matrix keyboard.
6) External memory = 24C04.
7) Memory Interface Protocol = I2C.
8) Power transformer = 0-12V, 1A.
9) Relay 12V dc electromagnetic.
10) Motor operating load capacity up to 12A.
11) Motor power rating 1/4 HP.
12) Motor speed 280 rpm.
Innovative idea of the project:-

1) Fully Programmable.
2) Not affected by power failure.
3) Completely digital control.
4.5 Data validity:
The data on the SDA line must be stable during the HIGH period of the clock. The HIGH
or LOW state of the data line can only change when the clock signal on the SCL line is
low.
START and STOP Conditions: -

1. A HIGH to LOW transition on the SDA line while SCL is HILGH is one unique
case. This situation indicates a START condition.

2. A LOW to HIGH transition on the SDA line while SCL is HILGH defines a
STOP condition.
3. The master always STARTS and STOPS conditions. The bus is considered to be
busy after the START condition. The bus is considered to be free again certain
time after the STOP condition.
4. The bus stays busy if a repeated START is generated instead of a STOP
condition.
5. Detection of start and stop conditions by devices connected to the bus is easy if
they incorporate the necessary interfacing hardware. However microcontrollers
with no such interface have to sample the SDA line at least twice per clock
period to sense the transition.
4.6 Write operation:

Bytes write:
It requires 8 bit data word address following device address word and acknowledgment.
Upon receipt of this address EEPROM will again respond with a zero and the clock in the
first 8 bit data word address following receipt of the 8 bit data word.
The EEPROM will output a 0 and addressing device such as microcontroller must
terminate the right sequence with STOP condition. At this time the EEPROM enters an
internally time write T (wr).
4.7 Read operation:-
Sequential read:-
Sequential reads are initiated by either by current address of random address read. After a
microcontroller receives a data word it responds with acknowledge as long as EEPROM
receives acknowledge, it will continue to increment a data word address and serially clock
out the sequential data words.
When memory address limit is reached, the data word address will roll over and
sequential read will continue. The sequential read operation is terminated when the
microcontroller does not respond with a 0 but does generate a STOP condition.

4.8 Operation:
The timer set by keyboard motor is operated cyclic type Access is obtained by
implementing a START condition and providing a device identification code followed by
a register address. Subsequent register can be accessed sequentially until a STOP
condition is executed.
When Vic falls below 1.25 x V (bat) the device terminates an access in progress and reset
the device address counter inputs to the device will not be recognized at this time to
prevent erroneous data from being written to the device from an out of tolerance system
when Vcc falls below V (bat).
The microcontroller switches into low current battery backup mode. On power up the
microcontroller switches from battery to Vcc. When Vcc is greater than (V (bat) + 0.2 V)
and recognizes input when Vcc is greater than 1.25 x V (bat).

4.9 Circuit diagram
The circuit diagram consists of microcontroller, keyboard, relay, rain sensor, and level
indicator and resistor bank. The keyboard acts as an input to the system. Rain sensor
senses the level of rain fall and intensity of rain. Level indicator gives indication of levels
in the upper tank and shows levels of the water in the tank. The microcontroller gives the
signals to the respective pin numbers. Relay acts as a switch in it. The resistor bank in it is

given as an additional support to the system as external supply as per the requirement of
the system and the microcontroller.
4.10 Flow chart
Start
Check whether the

tank is full
Yes Is tank full
No
No
Fill the tank by using the
lower tank
Check the rainfall level
No
Rain<4m
m
Yes
Watering of plants up to
specified duration
Stop

4.11 PCB Layout

5. RESULTS
At the specified time, the timer will get ON then the microcontroller will give signal to the
valve and the valve will open automatically and it will water the plants. The counter will
count for the specified duration, after the completion of the specified duration the counter
will give signal to the microcontroller indicating it to turn OFF the valve. In return the
microcontroller will give signal to the valve and the valve will turn OFF automatically. In
case, if the rain comes then the rain sensor present in the system will detect the rain and it
will inform the microcontroller. Now if this rainfall is below the threshold level then the
watering will be as usual, but if this rainfall is above the threshold level then the valve
will water the plants according to the intensity of the rain.
1. Result for working of rain sensor

2. Result for working of level indicator.

3. Result of entire system.

5.1 Comparison between existing system and proposed system
Table 5.1 Results for comparison of existing work with our proposed system.
Sr. no. Parameters Existing work Proposed system
01 Sensors used Soil, moisture, Rain sensor

humidity & rain
sensor.
02 Mobile application Used Not used

03 Arduino board Used Not used
04 Moisture content Detected Not detected
05 Drip/water sprinkler used Both are used Only drip is used

6. CONCLUSION
6.1 Conclusion
The Microcontroller based drip irrigation system proves to be a real time feedback control
system which monitors and controls all the activities of drip irrigation system efficiently.
The present proposal is a model to modernize the agriculture industries at a mass scale
with optimum expenditure. An automated irrigation was successfully designed and
assembled. It serves to reduce the consumption of water used, the human monitoring time
and labor associated with a standard method. This design uses a time feedback control to
measure the soil moisture and turn on the motor/valve on demand, in regular interval.
Such system can be manufactured at a relatively low cost using simple electronic part.
Using this system, one can save manpower, water to improve production and ultimately
profit
6.2 Advantages
1. Relatively simple to design and install.
2. This is very useful to all climatic conditions any it is economic friendly.
3. This makes increase in productivity and reduces water consumption.
4. Here we have microcontrollers so there is error free.
5. This is safest and no manpower is required. Permit other yard and garden work to
continue when irrigation is taking place, as only the immediate plant areas are wet.
6. Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.
7. May be concealed to maintain the beauty of the landscape, and to reduce
vandalism and liability when installed in public areas.
8. Require smaller water sources, for example, less than half of the water needed for
a sprinkler system.
9. Weed growth is lessened.
10. Fields with irregular shapes are easily accommodated.
11. Saving of manpower
12. Soil erosion is lessened.
13. Optimal water supply to crop

14. Protection against adverse weather conditions

15. It is user-friendly system.
6.3 Disadvantages
1. This is only applicable for large size farms.
2. Equipment is costlier.
3. Require frequent maintenance for efficient operation.
4. Have limited life after installation due to the deterioration of the plastic
components in a hot, arid climate when exposed to ultraviolet light.
6.4 Applications
1. Drip irrigation is adopted extensively in areas of acute water scarcity and
especially for crops and trees such as coconuts, containerized landscape trees,
grapes, bananas, eggplant, citrus, strawberries, sugarcane, cotton, maize, and
potatoes.
2. It can be used in residential gardens.
3. It can be used in homes.
4. It can be used in commercial places.
5. It can be used in agriculture.
6. It can be used in commercial green houses.
7. Drip irrigation for garden available in drip kits are increasingly popular for the
homeowner and consist of a timer, hose and emitter. Hoses that are 4 mm in
diameter are used to irrigate flower pots.
6.5 Future Directions

We can run this system using solar panel also which will save the power.
We can connect this system to computer.

REFERENCES
A. Papers
[1] Lala Bhaskar, Barkha Koli, Punit Kumar, Vivek Gaur, `` Automatic Crop
Irrigation System ``, IEEE 2016.
[2] Drashti Divani, Pallavi Patil, Prof.Sunil.K.Punjabi, `` Automated Plant
Watering System ``, 2016 International Conference on Computation of Power,
Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)
[3] Jagdeep, Ritula Thakur, Daljit Singh Microcontroller Based Automatic
Sprinkler Irrigation System, IJMER Apr 2015
[4] Muhammad Azman Miskam, Othman Sidek, Inzarulfaisham Abd Rahim,
Muhammad Qayum Omar and Mohammad Zulfikar Ishak, `` Fully Automatic
Water Irrigation and Drainage System for Paddy Rice Cropping in Malaysia``,
2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology,
19 - 20 Aug. 2013, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
[5] Jia Uddin, S.M. Taslim Reza, Qader Newaz, Jamal Uddin, Touhidul Islam, and
Jong-Myon Kim, Automated Irrigation System Using Solar Power 2012 IEEE
[6] Sami Safety, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz, An
Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture Measurement, IEEE 2004
B. Books
[7] Kenneth Ayala, The 8051 microcontroller.
[8] M. A. Mazidi, The 8051 microcontroller and embedded system.
C. Web sites
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/www.atmel.com
[10] http://www.alldatasheets.com

APPENDIX
Code
#include <REGX51.H>
#include"init_pin_PB1.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"lcd.h"
#include"key_press.h"
//#include "i2c.h"
//#include"EPROM.h"
unsigned int sec_count=0,ms_count=0,min_count=0,Key,T1_on,T1_off;
unsignedchar
min=0,sec=0,hour=0,RUN_Mode_Flag=0,HrMin_Selection=0,HrMin1_Selection
=0;
unsigned int TON,TOFF;
/*****************************************************************
******************/
void timer0_ISR (void) interrupt 1
{
ms_count++;
if(ms_count>=14)
{
ms_count=0;
sec_count++;
sec =1;
}
if(sec_count >60)
{
sec_count=0;

min_count++;
min =1;
}
if(min_count >60)
{
min_count=0;
hour =1;
}
TH0= 0x00;
TL0= 0x00;
}
/***********************************************************/
void init_timer()
{
TMOD &= 0xF0;
TMOD |= 0x01;
TH0=0x00;
TL0=0x00;
EA = 1;
ET0 = 1;
TR0 = 1;
}
/***********************************************************/
void off_timer()
{
EA = 0;
ET0 = 0;
TR0 = 0;
}
/*************************************************************/

void Display_3digit_no(char a, char b,unsigned int num)

{
unsigned int Result;
unsigned char arr[3];
arr[0]= (num/100) +48;
Result= (num % 100);
arr[1]= (Result/10) +48;
arr[2]= (Result % 10) +48;
Lcd_Set_Cursor(a,b);
Lcd_Write_String(arr);
}
/*****************************************************************
****/
void Set_Programm()
{
unsigned int cnt=0,Result=0,S_Count=1;
char shift_flag=0,Time_count=0,Set_flag=0,i=0,a=0,cur_pos,b=0;
while(Time_count<2)
{
cnt=0;
Lcd_Clear();
if(Time_count==0)
{
Lcd_Set_Cursor(1,1);
Lcd_Write_String("T ON:");
}
else
{
Lcd_Write_String("T OFF:");

}
Display_3digit_no(1,6,0);
Set_flag=0;
Lcd_Write_String(" Min");
cur_pos=8;
Lcd_Cursor_Blink(1,cur_pos);
while(Set_flag==0)
{
Key = key_press();
switch(Key)
{
case UP:
{
cnt++;
if(cnt>9) cnt=0;
a=cnt+48;
Lcd_Set_Cursor(1,cur_pos);
Lcd_Cursor_off();
Lcd_Write_Char(a);
break;
}
case SHIFT:
{
Result= (S_Count*cnt)+Result;
S_Count=S_Count*10 ;
cnt=0;
cur_pos=cur_pos-1;
if(cur_pos <6)

{
Set_flag=1;
break;
}
Lcd_Cursor_Blink(1,cur_pos);
shift_flag=1;
break;
}
case ENTER:
{
Lcd_Cursor_off();
Result= (S_Count*cnt)+Result;
if(Time_count==0)
{
TON=Result;
}
else
{
TOFF=Result;
}
Result=0;
S_Count=1;
cnt=0;
Set_flag=1;
Time_count++;
break;
}}
}
}

/*****************************************************************
****/
void Run_Sequantial_Timer(unsigned int Time,unsigned char Relay_Status)

{
unsigned int Run_Time;
Run_Time = Time;
init_timer();
while(1)
{
if(LEVEL_Sensor==0)
{
BUZZER=1;
}
if(LEVEL_Sensor==1)
{
BUZZER=0;
}
Display_3digit_no(1,6,Run_Time);
if( Rain_Sensor==0)
{
RELAY =0;
}
else
{
RELAY =Relay_Status;
}
if (min==1)

{
min =0;
Run_Time = Run_Time-1;
if(Run_Time==0)
{
delay_ms(100);
break;
}
}
}
}
/*****************************************************************
***********/
void main()
{
Init_Port();
Lcd_Init();
Lcd_Clear();
Lcd_Write_String("drip irrigation");
Lcd_Write_String("advance");
delay_sec(3);
Set_Programm();
while(1)
{
if( Rain_Sensor==0)
{
RELAY =0;

}
if(LEVEL_Sensor==0)
{
BUZZER=1;
}
if(LEVEL_Sensor==1)
{
BUZZER=0;
}
if(RUN_Mode_Flag==0)
{
if(LEVEL_Sensor==0)
{
BUZZER=1;
}
if(LEVEL_Sensor==1)
{
BUZZER=0;
}
Lcd_Clear();
Lcd_Write_String("T ON:");
Lcd_Write_String("Min");
if(TON>0)
{
Run_Sequantial_Timer(TON,1);
delay_ms(10);;
off_timer();
}

else
{
delay_ms(500);
}
}
if(RUN_Mode_Flag==0)
{
if(LEVEL_Sensor=0)
{
BUZZER=1;
}
if(LEVEL_Sensor=1)
{
BUZZER=0;
}
Lcd_Clear();
Lcd_Write_String("T OFF:");
Lcd_Write_String("Min");
if(TOFF>0)
{
Run_Sequantial_Timer(TOFF,0);
off_timer();
delay_ms(10);;
}
else
{

delay_ms(500);
}
}
}
}

Report

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Report

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Automatic Drip Irrigation System

This is how it works:

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 1

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 2

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 3

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 4

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 5

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE

To provide the necessary moisture for the crop development.

To ensure sufficient supply of water during droughts of short duration and

To dissolve soil salts.

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 6

4.1 Design of the system

4.1.1 Description of blocks: -

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 7

4.2 System Software

4.2.1 Keil uvision-4 software:

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 8

4.3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:-

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 9

The 4 x 4 matrix is interfaced at port no 1 of micro controller AT 89C51; at port no 0

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 10

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 11

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 12

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 13

Fig: Basic NPN Transistor Switching Circuit

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 14

4.4 Technical specifications:-

Innovative idea of the project:-

START and STOP Conditions: -

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 15

4.6 Write operation:

4.7 Read operation:-

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 16

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 17

4.9 Circuit diagram

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 18

4.10 Flow chart

Check whether the

Yes Is tank full

Check the rainfall level

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 19

4.11 PCB Layout

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 20

1. Result for working of rain sensor

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 21

2. Result for working of level indicator.

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 22

3. Result of entire system.

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 23

5.1 Comparison between existing system and proposed system

Sr. no. Parameters Existing work Proposed system

01 Sensors used Soil, moisture, Rain sensor

02 Mobile application Used Not used

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 24

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 25

14. Protection against adverse weather conditions

6.5 Future Directions

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 26

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 27

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 28

GHRCEM, Ahmednagar (E&TC Engineering) Page 29

void Display_3digit_no(char a, char b,unsigned int num)