SCIENCE AND SOCIETY PROGRAM

COURSE OUTLINE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

I. COURSE DESCRIPTION

The analysis from historical and futuristic perspectives of the nature and
role of science and technology in society and of the socio-cultural and politico-
economic factors affecting the development of science and technology with
emphasis on the Philippine setting.

Credit: 3 units

II. COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To enable the student to understand the character and functions of science and
technology and their inter-relationships with society from a historical
perspective;

2. To enable the student to anticipate and comprehend the impacts, implications,

and limitations of the new developments in science and technology;

3. To familiarize the student with the sociological, cultural, ethical,

environmental, economic, ideological, political, and gender aspects of science
and technology; and

4. To enable the student to appreciate the key role of science and technology in
national development and the important policy issues involved in the scientific
and technological development of the Philippines.

1
 Grading System for the Course

The final grade of a student will be computed on the basis of the

following percentage weights:

2 Long Examinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .40%

Reporting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30%
Project..20%
Others.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10%
100%

The students final weighted average score shall have the following
grade equivalents:

90 - 100% ------------------------------ 1.0

85 - 89% ------------------------------ 1.25
80 - 84% ------------------------------ 1.5
75 - 79% ------------------------------ 1.75
70 - 74% ------------------------------ 2.0
65 - 69% ------------------------------ 2.25
60 - 64% ------------------------------ 2.5
55 - 59% ------------------------------ 2.75
50 - 54% ------------------------------ 3.0
45 - 49% ------------------------------ 4.0
0 - 44% ------------------------------ 5.0

IV. COURSE OUTLINE AND READINGS

0. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

READINGS:

(a) John Ziman, Science as a Social Institution

(b) Nawaz Sharif, Technology and Society

(c) Roger Posadas, Introduction to Scientific and Technological Activities

1. THE INTERACTION OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY : Ancient to the

20th Century

I. Science, Technology, and Society in Ancient Times

READINGS:

(a) R.J. Forbes, Technology and Society in the Stone Age

2
 (b) R.J. Forbes, Technology and Society in the Bronze Age

(c) J.D. Bernal, Science, Technology, and Society in the Iron Age

II. Science and Technology in Pre-Colonial Asian Societies

READINGS:

(a) Susantha Goonatilake, Pre-Colonial Science and Technology in the Third World

(b) Joseph Needham, Poverty and Triumphs of Chinese Science and Technology

(c) Donald R. Hill, Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Middle East

III. Science, Technology, and Society from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Scientific
Revolution

READINGS:

(a) J.D. Bernal, Science, Technology, and Society in the Middle Ages

(b) Lynn White, Jr., Technology in the Middle Ages

(c) J. D. Bernal, The Scientific Revolution

IV. Science, Technology, and the Industrial Revolution

READINGS:

(a) J.D. Bernal, Science and the Industrial Revolution

(b) Melvin Kranzberg, Prerequisites for Industrialization

(c) Ian Inkster, Science and Technology in the British Industrial Revolution

V. Science, Technology, and Industrialization in the 19th Century

READINGS:

(a) G.N. von Tunzelmann, The Industrialization of Europe

(b) G.N. von Tunzelmann, The Industrialization of the USA

(c) G.N. von Tunzelmann, The Industrialization of Japan

VI. The Imperialist Diffusion of Science and Technology

READINGS:

3
 (a) George Basalla, The Spread of Western Science

(b) Ian Inkster, Science, Technology, and Imperialism: The Case of India

(c) Ian Inkster, Science, Technology, and Imperialism: China and Beyond

(d) History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

VII. Science, Technology, and Society in the 20th Century and Impacts on War

READINGS:

(a) Peter Drucker, Technology and Society in the 20th Century

(b) G.N. von Tunzelmann, Industrialization in the West: 1930s to the 1970s

(c) Alvin Toffler, From the Second Wave to the Third Wave

(d) Harvey Sapolsky, Science, Technology, and Military Policy

(e) Alvin Toffler, First Wave War and Second Wave War

(f) Alvin Toffler, Third Wave War

(g) Alvin Toffler, Futuristic Wars

VIII. Microelectronics and Photonics

READINGS:

(a) Richard Golob and Eric Brus, Microelectronic Technology

(b) Juan P. Rada, Microelectronics from a Third World Perspective

(c) Allen A. Boraiko, Lasers and Microlasers

(d) Les C. Gunderson and Donald B. Keck , Fiber-Optic Technology

IX. A Computers and Information Technology

READINGS:

(a) Richard Brennan, Computer Literacy: Babbage to Artificial Intelligence

(b) Christopher Barnatt, Recent Developments in Computer Technology

(c) Mark Weiser, The Computer for the 21st Century

X. Internet and Other Advanced Telecommunication Technologies

4
 READINGS:

(a) Peter Otte, Internet and Beyond: Multimedia Online Services

(b) Philip Elmer-Dewitt, Welcome to Cyberspace

(c) Reid Goldsborough, Working and Learning via the Information Superhighway

(d) Peter Otte, Interactive Television and Video on Demand

XI. Automation, Robotics, and Other Advanced Manufacturing Technologies

READINGS:

(a) Peter Marsh, From Mechanisation to Automation

(b) Peter Scott, Introduction to Robotics

(c) Paul Kennedy, Robotics, Automation, and a New Industrial Revolution

(d) Oliver Morton, Advanced Manufacturing Technology

______________________ ASSESSMENT: __________________________________

2. HIGH TECHNOLOGIES: THEIR APPLICATIONS AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS

I. Advanced Energy Technologies and Impacts on Environment

READINGS:

(a) Richard Brennan, Energy Alternatives

(b) Michael Zey, Future Prospects in Energy

(c) Scientific American, Efficient Uses of Energy

(d) Charles Harper, Energy and Society

(e) H. Ramos, Prospects of Fusion Energy

(f) Richard Brennan, Environmental Penalties of High Technology

(g) Charles Harper, Alternative Futures: Sustainability and Social Change

(h) Paul Smith, Industrialization and Environment

(i) Scientific American, Towards Environment-Friendly Technologies

5
II. Advanced Materials, Micromachines, and Nanotechnology

READINGS:

(a) Thomas Canby, Reshaping Our Lives: Advanced Materials

(b) Scientific American, Nanotech, The Science of the Small Goes Down to Business,
Sept. 2001

III. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

READINGS:

(a) Richard Brennan, Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

(b) Edward Yoxen, Biotechnology and the Life Industry

(c) Oliver Morton, A Survey of Biotechnology and Genetics

(d) Articles on the Human Genome Project in Nature (February 2001) and Science
(February 2001).

IV. Advances in Medical and Agricultural Technologies

READINGS:

(a) Richard Brennan, High Technology Medicine

(b) Alexandra Wyke, The Future of Medicine

(c) Michael Zey, Future Fields of Plenty

(d) Paul Kennedy, Biotech Agriculture

V. Advances in Construction, Transportation, and Space Technologies

READINGS:

(a) Michael Zey, Future Prospects in Construction and Transportation

(b) Richard Brennan, Advanced Transportation Technologies

(c) Michael Zey, Our Future in Space

VI. Science, Technology and Society in the 21st Century

READINGS:

(a) Anthony Fauci, Infectious Diseases: Consideration for the 21st Century

6
 (b) Jane Lubchencon, Entering the Century of the Environment: A New Social Contract
for Science

(c) Ismael Serageldin, Biotechnology and Food Security in 21st Century

3. THE SOCIETAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

I. The Sociological Aspects of Science and Technology

READINGS:

(a) J. Mulkay, Sociology of the Scientific Research Community

(b) James Adams, The Complexity of Engineering

(c) James Adams, Design and Invention

(d) Sanford Lakoff, Scientists, Technologists, and Political Power

(e) David Holmes, Communication Theory: media, technology and society

II. The Dynamics of Scientific and Technological Changes

READINGS:

(a) Gernot Bohme, Models for the Development of Science

(b) Susantha Goonatilake, The Social Context of Science

(c) Nawaz Sharif, Technological Change

(d) Everett M. Rogers, The Generation of Innovations

III. The Business and Economic Aspects of Science and Technology

READINGS:

(a) Joseph P. Cory, A Business Architecture for Technology Management

(b) Theodore W. Schlie, The Contribution of Technology to Competitive

Advantage

(c) William G. Howard, Jr. And Bruce R. Guile, Profiting from Innovation

(d) Michael Hobday, Technological Learning in Latecomer Firms

(e) Christopher Freeman, The Economics of R&D and Technological Change

(f) G.N. von Tunzelmann, Classical Theories of Economic Growth and Structure

(g) Norman Clark, Modern Views of Technological Change

7
 (h) G.N. von Tunzelmann, Modern Analyses of Growth and Structural Change

IV. Impacts of Science and Technology on the Arts

READINGS:

(a) Jean Ladriere, The Impact of Science and Technology on Aesthetics

(b) O.B. Hardison, Jr., Computers and Arts

(c) O.B. Hardison, Jr., Computer Music

(d) O.B. Hardison, Jr., Computers and Literary Arts

V. Ethical Aspects of Science and Technology

READINGS:

(a) Robert Cohen, Ethics and Science

(b) Enzo Russo and David Cove, Science, Technology, and Ethics

(c) Charles E. Harris, Jr. et al., Introduction to Engineering Ethics

(d) Charles E. Harris, Jr. et. al., On Becoming a Responsible Engineer

VI. Ideological Aspects of Science and Technology

READINGS:

(a) John Ziman, Scientism and Its Manifestations

(b) Helen Longino, Science and Ideology

(c) David Dickson, The Case Against Contemporary Technology

(d) Andrew Feenberg. Critical Theory of Technology

_________________________ASSESSMENT: ___________________________________