Exercise 1 Calculations:

Molecular Weight Determination by Vapor Density Method 1. Tr Tr in K

2. Tinf Tinf in K from raw data
Vapor Density Method method used to determine the MW of a 3. Pc Pc in mmHg
substance when a substance is vaporized to fill a known volume of
a container at a given temperature and pressure (
PC = PB 1 - 1.8x10-4 Tr $)
4. V V in mL or L
3 Methods of MW determination m
1. Dumas Bulb Method V = w (at Rm T); mw = mf + w - mf (RmT)
rw
2. Victor-Meyer Method
3. TMVD (Temperature-Monitored Vapor Density) Method 5. xw xw
P Pw
x w = w since RH = *
mRT PC Pw
M= $
PV
P*
x w = w (RH) such that Pw
*
= VPw at Rm T (saturated)
Procedure PC
1. Measure room temperature, Tr use thermometer on the wall lRH lPC
2. Provide barometric pressure, Pb use dial lx w = x w + $
RH PC
Convert Pb to mm Hg
Calculate for corrected pressure, Pc 6. xN xN and xO xO
P = 0.5 mm Hg xN = 0.79(1 - xw) and xO = 0.21(1 - xw)
3. Measure relative humidity, %RH use dial 7. Mma Mma in g/mol
4. Place pre-weighed volumetric flask, mf (at rm t) in the bath M ma = x i Mi where i = {N2, O2 and H2O}
5. Heat bath up to 10o below boiling point of sample $ lM ma = lx i Mi
6. Dry flask and weigh, mpwf = mf
7. Add sample to flask and put flask in bath 8. mma mma in g
8. Heat bath up to 5o below boiling point of sample M P V
m ma = ma C (converters)
9. Read temperarture in 10-second intervals up to 2o above boiling RTr
point of sample 9. mv mv in g assumption if there is vapor, there is no moist air
For thermocouple T = 0.2oC mv = mf+v mphf + mma
10. Plot temperature vs. time and determine inflection point (ideally 10. Mv Mv in g/mol
the Tb of sample) $ m RT
11. Dry and weigh the flask, mv+f M v = v inf (converters)
12. Clean flask and fill completely with water at room temperature, PCV
Vw = Vf = Vv 11. Average and % error
13. Weigh flask with water, mf+w
Reminders
1. Sample: Acetone or Methanol (BP = 56.5oC or 66oC)
2. Group 1 Trial 1, Group 2 Trial 2
3. Uncertainties of instruments
Barometer = 0.1 mm Hg
Thermometer = 0.5oC
Thermocouple 0.2oC
Balance =
%RH = 1%
Check whether the uncertainties given above are correct
4. For exercise 2
Samples: 1- and 2-propanol
Literature values: Heats of vaporization of samples