Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Compared with natural gas, which emits between 0.6 and 2 pounds
of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (CO2E/kWh), and
coal, which emits between 1.4 and 3.6 pounds of
CO2E/kWh, wind emits only 0.02 to 0.04 pounds of
CO2E/kWh, solar 0.07 to 0.2,geothermal 0.1 to 0.2,
and hydroelectric between 0.1 and 0.5. Renewable electricity
generation from biomass can have a wide range of global warming
emissions depending on the resource and how it is harvested.
Sustainably sourced biomass has a low emissions footprint, while
unsustainable sources of biomass can generate significant global
warming emissions.
Biomass and geothermal power plants, like coal- and natural gas-
fired power plants, require water for cooling. In addition,
hydroelectric power plants impact river ecosystems both upstream
and downstream from the dam. However, NREL's 80 percent by
2050 renewable energy study, which included biomass and
geothermal, found that water withdrawals would decrease 51
percent to 58 percent by 2050 and water consumption would be
reduced by 47 percent to 55 percent [7].
In contrast, fossil fuel prices can vary dramatically and are prone to
substantial price swings. For example, there was a rapid increase in
U.S. coal prices due to rising global demand before 2008, then a
rapid fall after 2008 when global demands declined [24]. Likewise,
natural gas prices have fluctuated greatly since 2000 [25].
Using more renewable energy can lower the prices of and demand
for natural gas and coal by increasing competition and diversifying
our energy supplies. An increased reliance on renewable energy can
help protect consumers when fossil fuel prices spike.
For example, coal, natural gas, and nuclear power depend on large
amounts of water for cooling, and limited water availability during a
severe drought or heat wave puts electricity generation at risk. Wind
and solar photovoltaic systems do not require water to generate
electricity, and they can help mitigate risks associated with water
scarcity. (For more information, see How it Works: Water for
Electricity.)
References:
[2] Energy Information Agency (EIA). 2012. How much of the U.S.
carbon dioxide emissions are associated with electricity generation?
[6] Machol, Rizk. 2013. Economic value of U.S. fossil fuel electricity
health impacts. Environment International 52 7580.
[11] AWEA. 2012b. Federal Production Tax Credit for Wind Energy.
[13] The Solar Foundation. 2011. National Solar Jobs Census 2011.
[19] Deyette, J., and B. Freese. 2010. Burning coal, burning cash:
Ranking the states that import the most coal. Cambridge, MA:
Union of Concerned Scientists.
[21] AWEA. 2012b. Federal Production Tax Credit for Wind Energy.
http://www.greenmatch.co.uk/
Q.1110:How much CO2 is stored in 1 Kg. of wood ?
How much CO2 is produced by burning 1 Kg. of wood?
How much CO2 is stored in 1 Kg of Paper?
How much CO2 is removed/absorbed by growing 1 Kg. dry wood?
Ans.
CO2 molecule is made of one carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. The atomic weight of
carbon is 12 and that of oxygen is 16. The molecular weight of CO2 will be 44. This
means 12 Kg of carbon on complete combustion will produce 44 Kg. of CO2 or 1 Kg of
carbon on complete combustion will produce 3.67 Kg. of CO2.
Wood is heterogeneous and exact amount of carbon in 1 Kg of dry wood will vary
depending on the species of wood, age of wood etc. It is reported that 1 Kg of wood
contain about 450 to 500 gm of Carbon. This means 1 Kg of wood is holding about 1.65
to 1.80 Kg of CO2. This is how wood or forest act as carbon sink.
Similarly burning of 1 kg of wood will generate 1.65 to 1.80 Kg of CO2.
Considering paper has same percentage of carbon as wood, 1 Kg paper is storing 1.65 to
1.85 Kg of CO2.