Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
a. Safety:
Specified Strength (fc): 28MPa
fc = 30x(C/W) 28
Assumption:
a. Coefficient of variation (V) = 0%
1 1
b. Overdesign Factor, = 1.645 = 1.645(1) =1
(1 ) (1 )
100 100
c. Required strength, fcr = fc
28 = 30x(C/W) 28
C/W = 1.87
W/C = 0.54
Based on the above table for the maximum size of coarse aggregate of 20mm, Table 2 below shows the
comparison between the standard and actual values used:
Form Table C.4.5.2, the standard amount of water per cubic meter of concrete is 165kg, and s/a value of 45%,
both values are to be corrected because of the discrepancy between the standard and actual values as shown
in Table 2. The correction for these values are reflected in Table 3 below.
Table 3 Corrections for s/a and W (based on Table C.4.5.3 of JSCE Guidelines for Concrete No. 16)
Correction of s/a (%) Correction for W
Category
Description Value Description Value
For every 0.1 Increase (decrease) by 0%, no correction, same as No correction 0kg, no correction
fineness 0.5. reference value
modulus of
sand greater
(smaller than
reference value
For every 1cm No correction 0%, no correction Increase (decrease) 15 8
( ) (0.012)(165)
in slump greater by 1.2%. 1
(smaller) than = +13.86
reference value
For every 1% in Decrease (increase) by 65 Decrease (increase) 65
( ) (0.5%) = +0.5% ( ) (0.03)(165)
air content 0.5 to 1. 1 by 3%. 1
higher (lower) = +4.95
than reference
value
For every 0.05 Increase (decrease) by 0.5 55 No Correction 0kg, no correction
( ) (1%) = 1.0%
in 1. 0.05
water/cement
ratio higher
(lower) than
reference value
For every 1% in - 0%, no correction, same as Increase (decrease) 0kg, no correction, same as
s/a higher reference value by 1.5kg. reference value
(lower) than
reference value
When river Decrease by 3 to 5. 0%, no correction, crushed Decrease by 9 to 0kg, crushed gravel is
gravel is used gravel is specified 15kg. specified
Total -0.5% +18.81kg
W = 165kg + 18.81kg
= 183.81kg
s/a = 45% - 0.5%
= 44.5%
Per Section 4.5 of the JSCE Guidelines for Concrete No. 16, Commentary (1), the water content can still be
reduced by about 6 to 10% for air-entraining agent conforming to JIS A 6204, Chemical Admixture for
concrete, for this particular exercise, a conservative value of 10% is used, thus the above water content is
further corrected to the following amount:
W = 183.81kg (0.90)
= 165.43, say 165kg/m3
165 165
Volume of water, Vw =
= 1000/3 = 0.165m3
b. Cement
On the basis of W/C = 0.50, the amount of cement is:
W/C = 0.5
165kg/C = 0.5
C = 330kg/m3
Note that the per Table 4.5.1 (Recommended ranges of the water content of concrete) of the same
JSCE Guidelines for Concrete, and Section 4.5.1 (2), which states that the upper limit of the water content of
concrete should be 175kg/m3 as a standard, is met using 165kg of water per cubic meter of concrete.
The assumption 3 of Table 1 above for drying shrinkage and thermal stress is also satisfied with the
values of W = 165kg/m3 (<180kg/m3) and C = 330kg/m3 (<400kg/m3).
330 330
Volume of Cement, Vc =
= 3160/3 = 0.104m3
c. Air Content
5%
Volume of Air, Va = 100% (13 ) = 0.05m3
d. Aggregate Content:
Vs+g = 1m3 Vw Vc Va
= 1m3 0.165m3 0.104m3 0.05m3
= 0.681m3
s/a (%) = +
(100%) (where: Vs = Volume of sand; Vg = Volume of gravel; Vs + Vg = Vs+g)
s/a (%) = +
(100%)
44.5% = 0.6813
(100%)
Vs = 0.303m3, consequently
Vg = 0.681m3 0.303m3
= 0.378m3
e. Chemical Admixture
The specification for the admixture is not explicitly defined, so the mass of admixture could not be
clearly identified. Some literature, use about 0.5g per kg of cement, however the JSCE Guideline Section 4.5.5
commentary, suggests that it should be determined with care taking into considerations the performance
under realistic conditions or consulting literature or experience. For the purpose of this exercise, it is
assumed to be about 0.5g of air-entraining water reducing agent is required per kilogram of cement, thus: